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In order to characterize the sorption behavior of paclobutrazol in mango soil in Hainan, sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of paclobutrazol in solution was developed with a C18 column and PDA detector set at 221 nm. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 62:38 (V/V) acetonitrile and distilled water. Moreover, a sorption isotherm experiment was also conducted. The chromatography results showed a good linear relationship (R2=99.98%) between the HPLC peak area and the concentration of paclobutrazol; The concentration was optimized from 0.5 mg·L-1 to 40.0 mg·L-1, and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation reached 0.1 mg·L-1 and 0.3 mg·L-1, respectively. Moreover, satisfactory relative recoveries ranging from 94.16% to 102.30% were achieved with relative standard deviations of 1.14%~3.93%. This indicated that the HPLC method was suitable for testing paclobutrazol sorption. The sorption isotherm experiment showed that the sorption process of paclobutrazol in mango soils was well-fitted by the Freundlich model with ΔG-1G|-1, thereby suggesting that paclobutrazol sorption on the mango soils was a spontaneous, exothermic, and anisotropic process dominated by physical forces. The value of Kf ranged from 1.20 L·kg-1 to 13.15 L·kg-1 with an average of 5.96 L·kg-1, thereby implying that the adsorption of paclobutrazol by soils was difficult. The sorption coefficient achieved a high value of 69.93%, thereby suggesting that a significant difference in sorption capacity existed among the mango soils. Through principal component analysis, significantly positive correlations between the sorption coefficient and soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and clay were observed, among which the value of CEC was the dominant factor that affected the sorption capacity of paclobutrazol in Hainan mango soil. It was concluded that paclobutrazol was weakly absorbed by Hainan mango soil, which was significantly affected by soil physicochemical properties; Thus, it may pose a potential environmental risk to groundwater.

Dong-ming Wu,* Teng Liu,* Shi-hua Deng, Rong Han, Ting Zhang, Jing Li, Ying Xu Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ying Xu Tel +86 02883016723Email yingxu825@126.comPurpose: Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a secreted protein that plays an important role in various diseases. However, the role of A1AT in non-small cell lung cancer is obscure.Materials and Methods: A1AT expression in non-small cell lung cancer was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and ELISA.WB and IF were used to analyze markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), EndoMT, and cancer stem cell (CSC). Transwell and cell wound healing assays were used to analyze migration and invasion abilities. Colony formation and CCK-8 assays were used to analyze cell proliferation following cisplatin treatment.Results: A1AT expression was higher in lung cancer samples than in normal tissues and the increased expression was correlated with poor overall survival of patients. In vitro experiments showed that A1AT overexpressed by plasmid transfection significantly promoted migration, invasion, EMT, EndoMT, stemness, and colony formation in lung cancer cell lines, as opposed to A1AT downregulation by siRNA transfection, which significantly inhibited all these variables.Conclusion: A1AT is a novel therapeutic target and might be associated with tumor metastasis in lung carcinoma.Keywords: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, alpha-1 antitrypsin, non-small cell lung cancer, cisplatin resistance

Additional file 3. Table 1. The gene sequence primer of qRT-PCR.

Jing Li,* Dong-ming Wu,* Rong Han,* Ye Yu, Shi-hua Deng, Teng Liu, Ting Zhang, Ying Xu Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ying XuClinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, 278 Baoguang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 2883016723Email yingxu825@126.comPurpose: Radiation has well-known and well-characterized direct toxic effects on cells and tissues. However, low-dose ionizing irradiation (LDIR) can also enhance the invasion and migration of tumor cells, and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate changes induced in the migration and invasion of A549 cells after LDIR and to explore the potential molecular mechanism.Materials and Methods: A549 cells were irradiated with X-rays at different doses (0, 2, 4, and 6 Gy) and cultured for 24 or 48 h. Apoptosis and proliferation were evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase release, CCK8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. Wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to detect migration and invasion ability. CXCL1 or p65 were knocked down using lentivirus-mediated siRNA in A549 cell lines. Knockdown efficiency of CXCL1 and p65 was assessed by RT-qPCR. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to determine the changes in protein levels.Results: In cells irradiated with a dose of 6 Gy, after 48 h, apoptosis was clearly induced while proliferation was inhibited. Irradiation with 4 Gy resulted in the upregulation of CXCL1 expression and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, upon 4 Gy irradiation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were significantly enhanced in A549 cells. Importantly, CXCL1 or p65 knockdown inhibited radiation-induced migration, invasion, and EMT.Conclusion: Low-dose radiation upregulates CXCL1 expression and activates the NF-κB signaling to regulate EMT in A549 cells, thereby promoting invasion and migration. These results provide new insights into the prevention of tumor invasion and metastasis induced by radiotherapy.Keywords: ionizing radiation, non-small cell lung cancer, CXCL1, EMT

To determine current levels of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)and assess their sources, ecological risk in agricultural soils from typical vegetable produce areas of Hainan Province, 33 soil samples were collected and detected by the GC method. The results showed that OCPs were found in 90.9%of the collected soil samples and ranged from Not Dedected(ND)to 17.37 ng·g-1, with a mean of 2.30 ng·g-1. The DDTs、HCHs、endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate were found over 54%in the collected soil samples. Also, the DDTs were the main compo-nents, and their contribution to the residues of OCPs was over 54.6%. Analysis of the sources of contamination showed that HCHs in the area were mainly derived from lindane. DDTs, which were suspected to have recent application to 18.2%soil, were derived mainly from technical DDTs or dicofol containing DDT impurities. Comparing with various studies and the‘National Environmental Quality Standard for Soils of Chi-na’(GB 15618-1995), OCP pollutions were generally slight in present study, and the ecological risk of HCHs and DDTs residue in agricul-tural soils of Hainan Province was lower.