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The assembly of the heterogeneous microreactor is a promising approach for CO2 photoreduction attributed to its abundant microchannel, intimate contact, high exposed surface area, and favorable heat-mass transfer. Herein, we developed a metal–organic framework (MOF) derived in situ transformation strategy to construct a carbon dot (CD)-decorated ZnIn2S4/TiO2 (CDs/ZIS/TiO2) microreactor. Taking advantages of this hierarchical structure, the CDs/ZnIn2S4/TiO2 microreactor exhibits significantly enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity with a CH4 yield of 14.9 μmol g−1 h−1 and CH4 selectivity of 75.6% in the absence of a sacrificial agent, where the electron consumption rate (Relectron) of 157.6 μmol g−1 h−1 is 1.9 and 18.3 times higher than those of ZIS(60)/TiO2 and bare ZnIn2S4, respectively. The combination of transient photo-induced voltage (TPV), in situ Fourier transform infrared and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra illustrate the photocatalytic mechanism and the effect of CDs on the electron transfer behavior. This work emphasizes a facile technique for developing a CD-based microreactor to achieve high-efficiency photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, visible-light-responsive carbon dots (CDs)/ZnIn 2 S 4 @MIL-88A (C/ZI@ML) photocatalysts were successfully prepared through in situ loading CDs and ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets on MIL-88A(Fe) to form a ternary heterojunction. The detailed characterization indicated that the two-dimensional ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets were uniformly coated on the surface of MIL-88A(Fe), and ZnIn 2 S 4 /MIL-88A(Fe) exhibited enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance (1259.63 μmol h -1 g -1 ) compared to that of pristine MIL-88A(Fe) and ZnIn 2 S 4 under visible light illumination. After introduction of CDs into ZnIn 2 S 4 /MIL-88A(Fe), the C/ZI@ML catalyst remarkably enhanced the photocatalytic activity and the hydrogen evolution rate of 1C/ZI@ML was up to 3609.23 μmol g -1 h -1 . The photoinduced charge carriers of C/ZI@ML can be efficiently separated and migrated because of the close contacted interface, synergistic effect, and suitable band structure. In combination with photoelectrochemical experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, a possible photocatalytic mechanism over C/ZI@ML was proposed. This work demonstrated a facile preparation method for fabricating efficient visible-light-driven heterojunction photocatalysts.

Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major soybean pest that often poses a serious threat to soybean production. Imidacloprid is one of the commonly used insecticides to control the soybean aphid. To investigate the effect of termination of imidacloprid stress on the adaptive strategies of soybean aphid populations, we studied the growth, development, and related metabolism changes when the stress was terminated after 24 generations of imidacloprid stress on A. glycines . The results show that the A. glycines population accelerated its recovery and expanded its population size across generations. The longevity of the adults of the recovering population in the F12, F18, and F24 generations, respectively, was 1.11, 1.15, and 1.11 times longer than the control, while the fecundity was 10.38%, 11.74%, and 11.61% higher than that of the control. The net reproductive rate ( R 0 ) of the recovering population was always significantly higher than that of the control in the F1 to F24 generations. In addition, metabolisms related to the regulation of cell proliferation and oocyte meiosis were significantly upregulated in the recovering population. Even when the imidacloprid pressure disappeared, intergenerational stimuli still affected the adaptive strategies of soybean aphid populations. This effect was manifested as inhibiting the growth and development of the soybean aphid in the early generations and improving the fecundity of the soybean aphid in the later generations. Adaptive soybean aphid populations would surge in the absence of imidacloprid pressure. This study provides an important reference for exploring the adaptability of the A. glycines population under termination of stress from low lethal concentrations of imidacloprid across generations. It also provides important data for monitoring the population dynamics of A. glycines in the field and analyzing the degree of pharmacodynamic stress., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Dou, Qu, Guo, Zhou, Wu, Lin, Feng, Cui and Han.)

The construction of a heterojunction structure is considered a significant route to promote solar-driven H 2 production. Herein, a CDs/ZnIn 2 S 4 /Ni-Al LDHs (CDZNA) ternary heterojunction was elaborately constructed via the in situ growth of ZnIn 2 S 4 on Ni-Al LDHs with the incorporation of carbon dots (CDs) cocatalyst, which was used as a highly efficient catalyst for the photocatalytic H 2 generation. Characterizations indicated that 2D ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheet homogeneously dispersed on the surface of Ni-Al LDHs fabricated an intimate hierarchical architecture and provided a high BET surface area (135.12 m 2 g -1 ). In addition, the unique embeddable-dispersed CDs as electron mediators possessed numerous active sites and promoted the charge separation on ZnIn 2 S 4 /Ni-Al LDHs (ZNA) binary catalyst. By coupling these two features, the CDZNA catalyst exhibited a considerable H 2 production rate of 23.1 mmol g -1 h -1 under visible-light illumination, which was 16.4 and 1.4 times higher than those of ZnIn 2 S 4 and ZNA, respectively. A proposed mechanism of photocatalytic H 2 production over the CDZNA catalyst was also discussed. This work provides a promising strategy to achieve highly efficient solar energy conversion in a ternary photocatalytic system.

Objectives: At present, the research on clear aligner of molar distalization mainly focuses on the upper jaw, while the research on mandibular molars is few.This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of mandibular molars distalization with clear aligner via cone beam CT (CBCT) and Dolphin software., Methods: Twenty cases of mandibular molars with clear aligner were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. CBCT was taken before treatment (T0) and when the first molar was moved in place (T1). Dolphin software was used to measure the effectiveness of molar distalization. Three-dimensional changes in direction and the impact on the incisors and facial soft and hard tissues were evaluated., Results: The effective rates of crown and root distalization of the second and first mandibular molars were 74%, 49%, and 71%, 47%, respectively. The second and first molars were both the distal buccal cusp with the largest distalization [(2.15 ± 0.91) mm and (1.85±1.09) mm], respectively, with significant difference between the T0 and T1 ( P <0.05). The second and first molars were accompanied by depression, distal tilt, and buccal tilt with 1.06 mm, 2.10°, 2.27°, and 0.91 mm, 1.62°, and 1.91°, respectively, with significant differences between the T0 and T1 (all P <0.05). There was no obvious difference between men and women. The mandibular central incisor showed a lip-side movement of 1.02 mm, a depression of 0.82 mm, a mesial incline of 0.66°, and a crown-lip torque of 1.51° after molar distalization, with significant differences between the T0 and T1 (all P <0.001). Only the lower lip thickness increased by 0.1 cm, the length of the lower lip increased by 0.1 cm, and the ANS-ME (distance from anterior nasal spine to submental point) decreased by 0.13 cm, with significant differences between the T0 and T1 (all P <0.05)., Conclusions: Clear aligner can effectively move mandibular molars farther, the crown is more effective than the root, and it is tilted. The second mandibular molar is more effective than the first mandibular molar in its distant displacement and three-dimensional changes. Molar distalization causes minor changes in mandibular incisors and facial soft and hard tissues.