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In the context of climate change, the escalating frequency of extreme weather phenomena has exacerbated the severity of compound floods in the southeastern coastal regions of China. Rising sea levels significantly contribute to the inundation of low-lying coastal urban areas. The quantitative assessment of compound flood risk offers scientific support for disaster prevention and reduction in coastal cities and for coastal management initiatives. Using Haikou City as a case study, the daily precipitation and maximum storm surge tide data from 66 typhoons that affected Haikou between 1960 and 2017 were utilized to construct compound flood combination scenarios. Based on the quantitative method of D-Flow FM (Delft3D-FLOW Flexible Mesh) numerical simulation, the potential risks of extreme rainfall and storm surge compound flood disasters under sea level rise scenarios were thoroughly investigated by integrating various scenarios. The findings revealed the following: 1) Storm surge was the primary factor contributing to compound flooding during typhoons, with the estuary of the Nandu River and the northern coast being the most affected. 2) In the scenario of maximum rainfall and storm surge combination, the inundation area of Haikou is about 148 km2, which is approximately 15 times larger than the minimum rainfall and storm surge combination scenario. Moreover, in more than half of the inundated areas, the water depth exceeds 1 meter. 3) Under extreme rainfall and storm surge compound scenarios, the areas encompassing Haidian Island, Xinbu Island, and Jiangdong New Area were significantly affected by sea level rise. By 2100, the total flooding area is projected to reach about 203 km2 under the RCP8.5 scenario. Sea level rise significantly amplifies urban flood risks, implying that coastal cities are poised to encounter heightened threats and manage future challenges. Through comprehensive comparisons of multiple rainfall and storm surge compound flooding scenarios under sea level rise, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the compound flooding risk were systematically evaluated. The results provide an important scientific basis for sustainable regional development, effective management, and prevention.

Objective To investigate the effect of a metal occlusal surface and stress interruption design on minimally invasive prosthodontics for patients with distal extension absence and insufficient occlusal gingival distance. Methods We retrospectively studied the case of minimally invasive prosthodontic (Vitallium 2000) combined with a metal occlusal surface for distal extension absence in a patient with insufficient occlusal gingival distance; the stress breaking design and pressure impression technology are examined, and relevant articles are reviewd. Results The design effectively solves the problems of insufficient occlusal gingival distance, large occlusal force and easy denture fracture. Reviewing the relevant literature, stress interruption design can effectively protect abutment teeth, but the behavior of stress interruption design and stress conduction phenomena in the mouths of patients has not been reported. The T-scan test results of this study showed that before and after wearing the denture, the occlusal force distribution ratio of the patient changed from 77.5% on the left and 22.5% on the right to 61.3% on the left and 38.7% on the right. The occlusal force distribution ratio of the right dentition to the total occlusal force increased by 16.2%, and the occlusal force became better distributed. Further analysis showed that the occlusal forces on the left and right sides were nearly the same in the initial occlusion stage. As the occlusal force was further increased, the proportion of the occlusal force on the right side decreased in the middle of the occlusion stage and further decreased in the final occlusion stage until it reached a dynamic balance. The above T-scan test and literature review results suggest that this dynamic balance phenomenon of bite force is related to the stress interruption design and the stress conduction effect of the split framework. Conclusion The composite of stress interruption design and metal occlusal surface allows for minimally invasive prosthodontics for the treatment of distal extension absence in patients with insufficient occlusal gingival distance.

Objective To explore the early failure of narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) and to provide a reference for clinical implant restoration. Methods From April 2017 to April 2020, data from a total of 725 patients (with 1 001 NDIs) who accepted implant restoration due to dentition defects were collected from the department of dental implantology in a stomatological hospital; 353 males and 372 females were included. The early failure rate of 1 001 NDIs was retrospectively analyzed. Univariate generalized estimated equation (GEE) and multivariate GEE were used to explore risk factors, including age, sex, implant location, materials, surface modification, length, bone augmentation and healing procedure, associated with early failure of NDIs. Results There were 34 cases of early failure among 725 patients, including 38 NDIs. The early failure rate of NDIs was 4.69% at the patient level and 3.80% at the implant level. There was no significant difference in the early failure rate of NDIs among different age groups, sexes, implant materials, surface modifications, lengths, and healing procedures (P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the early failure rate of NDIs in the anterior maxilla group (2.16%) and the anterior mandible group (8.64%) at the implant level (P0.05). In addition, in the anterior region, the early failure rate of NDIs in the group with simultaneous bone augmentation was significantly lower than that of the group without bone augmentation (P

In neurodegenerative diseases, the activation of microglia and the ensuing neuroinflammation are pivotal in regulating disease progression. Attenuating inflammation induced by microglial cells is considered a key strategy for slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. γ‐glutamylcysteine (γ‐GC) has exhibited significant antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects; nevertheless, its potential role in modulating neuroinflammatory responses remains incompletely explored. The current investigation aimed to establish a neuroinflammation model by stimulating BV2 microglia cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to explore the protective effect of γ‐GC on neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia cells. The results demonstrated that γ‐GC significantly attenuated LPS‐induced oxidative damage in BV2 cells, reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), inhibited the cytoplasmic translocation of high‐mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), and effectively mitigated the LPS‐induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells. We further investigated the regulatory mechanism of γ‐GC on LPS‐induced BV2 neuroinflammation and found that γ‐GC significantly enhances autophagy in BV2 cells, resulting in a marked reduction in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation levels and an increase in AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation levels. The use of autophagy inhibitors 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and AMPK inhibitors further corroborates the proposition that γ‐GC promotes autophagy in BV2 cells while suppressing the LPS‐induced inflammatory response of BV2 microglia through the activation of the AMPK‐mTOR pathway. The findings indicate that γ‐GC exerts a substantial inhibitory impact on neuroinflammation, making it a promising candidate for the development of therapeutic strategies against neuroinflammatory disorders and related conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]