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Baihe Jizihuang Tang (BHT) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, which can also be used as a nutritional food with medicinal value. Herein, we aimed to clarify the antidepressive effects and molecular mechanism of BHT. Network pharmacological analysis; chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model assessment; behavioral tests; analysis of hippocampal neurotransmitter levels, hippocampal pathological structure, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; western blot analysis; 16s RNA sequencing; ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/mass spectrometry (MS); and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ultraviolet (UV) analysis were used. We found 8 potentially active components and 12 targets from the database. KEGG analysis suggested that BHT significantly affected BDNF/tyrosine receptor kinase B levels, glutamate binding, synaptic transmission based on neurotransmitter signal, and the response to glucocorticoid signaling pathways. Consistently, 7 chemical components were identified using UPLC/quadrupole time-of-flight/MS; among them, regalosides A, B, C, and E were unique components of lily of TCM, and their content in BHT was significantly different: regaloside A > B > E > C. BHT could nourish hippocampal neurons, affect neurotransmitter metabolism, reduce HPA axis hyperactivity, improve deficits in hippocampal tissue structure, and change depressive behavior. Moreover, BHT regulated BDNF expression in the hippocampus and improved intestinal flora deficits in CUMS rats by changing the content of Bifidobacterium, Rothia, Glutamicibacter, and Lactobacillus at the genus level. Collectively, BHT attenuated CUMS-induced depression-like behavior by regulating BDNF and intestinal flora disorder through the brain-gut axis. Therefore, including BHT in the medication list may constitute a potential strategy for preventing depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an ordinary alteration mineral in the process of fluid–rock interaction, chlorite (most especially its chemical composition) has the potential to become an effective tool to reveal the physicochemical conditions during alteration and help exploration. However, its elemental characteristics during the chloritization process are yet to be clearly understood. The Dehua‐Youxi‐Yongtai (DYY) ore district in south‐east China is one of the potential areas of gold and polymetallic deposits. Lying in the north‐west section of the DYY ore district, the Donghua area is notable for its remarkable metallogenic potential, and porphyry‐epithermal systems might have developed in the area. This study focuses on the elemental characteristics of chlorite in the Donghua area as footprints of the alteration process and mineralization vectoring. According to the geological features and occurrences, the chlorite from Donghua can be divided into two generations: (a) Chlorite I is closely related to chloritization developed in intrusive and volcanic rocks (Permian quartz monzobiorite and Jurassic volcanic rocks of Changlin Formation), and (b) chlorite II is accompanied by superimposed hydrothermal overprinting. The alteration process suggested by overprinting chlorite II can be regarded as almost coeval with the ca. 154–153 Ma magmatic event, and chlorite II is later than chlorite I generation. According to the geothermometry of the chlorite in Donghua, chlorite I might have crystallized on the temperature of 180–240°C with a peak of ~200°C, and the overprinting chlorite II might have experienced two episodes of hydrothermal/epithermal fluid pulsing. The mineral geochemistry of the trace elements in the two generations of the chlorite in Donghua shows different characteristics. The replacement of Mg2+ by Fe2+ plays an important role for ionic substitution in the octahedral position, especially for chlorite II. The other occasion might be Mg and Fe jointly entering the octahedral position as well as Mg‐ and Fe‐AlVI substitution mechanisms. The enrichment of Mg especially in chlorite II suggests low‐grade oxidation and acid conditions, which might be beneficial for the transportation of metallogenic substances. The obvious differences of Co and Ni are remarkable aspects of the trace elements of chlorite in Donghua, resulted by the ion substitution and function of different octahedral site preference energy. The mineral chemistry of chlorite II from Donghua can be helpful for targeting and exploration vectoring in the DYY ore district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The ca. 154 ~ 154 Ma magmatic/hydrothermal episode is recognized. • The granitoids in Donghua exhibit characteristics of both A-type and I-type. • Favorable environment for mineralization in Donghua is distinguished. Located in the southern section of the Wuyi Mountain metallogenic belt, the Dehua-Youxi-Yongtai (DYY) ore district is one of the potential areas of gold deposits in the Fujian province, Southeast China. Gold mineralization is widely distributed in this district, including Qiucun, Shuangqishan, Ancun, and Dongyang gold deposits. However, the DYY ore district is still at a low degree of exploration and research. This paper focuses on the Donghua area in the northwest of the DYY ore district as its typical and integrated volcano-magma mechanism revealed in this study. Combined approaches including zircon SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology, Rb-Sr isochron dating and mineral chemistry of pyrite, and hyperspectral remote sensing are employed, aiming to identify the magmatism, alteration, geological setting, and metallogenic potential of the Donghua area. The zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the granite porphyritic dykes in Donghua are 154.6 ± 1.1 Ma and 153.2 ± 1.2 Ma, respectively, indicating that the dykes were formed in the late Jurassic. The Rb-Sr geochronological age of hydrothermal/epithermal pyrite in Donghua is 153.7 ± 2.4 Ma, which is almost coeval with that of the granite porphyritic dykes within error, and consistent with the regional volcanic-magmatic activity and the metallogenic age of the regional metallogenic event. The granitic dykes in Donghua exhibit the characteristics of both A-type and I-type granitoids, thus indicating the presence of transitional geochemical characteristics. As a result of the subduction of the Pacific Plate towards the Eurasia, the ca. 154–153 Ma magmatic event in the Donghua area occurred at the beginning of large-scale delamination of the continental crust. The zoning distribution of the mineral alteration of chlorite, dickite, kaolinite, and gypsum, the interpretation of volcanic activity from the annular structure of hyperspectral remote sensing, and the inferred deep-seated intrusion emplacing from northwest to southeast are in agreement, thus displaying the volcano-magma-alteration mechanism developed in the Donghua area. The magmatism, dykes, faults, and Neoproterozoic metamorphic rock provide favorable advantages for the mineralization in Donghua, suggesting metallogenic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]