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Developing bioseparation media with both high strength and high surface area capable of efficiently separating proteins is a significant challenge. In this study, nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) with mechanical strength up to 10.8 MPa were successfully prepared by using a simple hot pressing and cross-linking process. Subsequently, mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) with both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions was achieved by introducing glutaric anhydride (GA) onto the surface of the regenerated cellulose (RC) nanofibers. The separation of lysozyme using MMC membranes showed that the static adsorption of lysozyme (1 mg/mL) on RC-g-GA NFM reached 254 mg/g. The dynamic binding capacity of lysozyme in the flow-through mode at 10% breakthrough was 72.8 mg/g. Meanwhile, additionally, the RC-g-GA NFM could saturate lysozyme (3 mg/mL) adsorption up to 336 mg/g after 6 h of adsorption time. Moreover, the membrane could isolate lysozyme with 85% purity from a mixed solution of lysozyme and γ-globulin. This work demonstrates that RC-g-GA NFM has an efficient lysozyme isolation capability and potential for scale-up applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate data derived from long-term, multisource altimeter significant wave height (SWH) measurements are more valuable than those obtained from a single altimeter source. Such data facilitate exploration of long-term air–sea momentum transfer and more comprehensive investigation of weather system dynamics processes over the ocean. Despite the deployment of the first satellite in the Chinese Haiyang-2 (HY-2) series more than 12 years ago, validation and integration of SWH data from China's offshore waters, derived using Chinese altimeters, have been limited. This study constructed a high-resolution, long-term, multisource gridded SWH climate dataset using along-track data from the HY-2 series, CFOSAT, Jason-2, Jason-3, and Cryosat-2 altimeters. Validation against observations from 31 buoys covering China's offshore waters indicated that the SWH variances from HY-2A, HY-2B, HY-2C, CFOSAT, and Jason-3 altimeters correlated well with observations, with a temporal correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95 (except HY-2A, correlation: 0.89). These SWH measurements generally showed a robust linear relationship with the buoy data. Additionally, cross-calibration between Jason-3 and the HY-2A, HY-2B, HY-2C, and CFOSAT altimeters also demonstrated a typically linear relationship for SWH > 6.0 m. Using this relationship, the SWH data were linearly corrected and integrated into a 10 d mean, long-term, multisource altimeter gridded SWH dataset. Compared with in situ observations, the merged 10 d mean SWHs are more accurate and closely match the observations, with temporal correlation coefficients improving from 0.87 to 0.90 and bias decreasing from 0.28 to 0.03 m. The merged gridded SWHs effectively represent the local spatial distribution of SWH. This study revealed the importance of observational data in the process of merging and recalibrating long-term multisource altimeter SWH datasets, particularly before their application in specific ocean regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar radiation changes (dimming/brightening) have recently received growing attention within the research community, although there is currently no generally accepted explanation. This article aims to provide a new perspective for identifying the reasons behind solar dimming/brightening by using long‐term measurements of direct and diffuse solar radiation, unlike previous studies which have focused on global solar radiation. We postulate that extinction processes can be more readily revealed by direct and diffuse radiation measurements with the help of a modelling tool that treats the two components separately. An example is presented for Golmud and Lhasa in the northern and southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) respectively, over the period 1957–2013. The following is found: (a) ground‐based observed cloud cover alone hardly explains the observed solar dimming at the two sites; (b) both the cloud‐free direct radiation transmittivity (τdir) and diffuse radiation proportion (pdif) declined; (c) variations in pdif are overwhelmingly dominated by variations in aerosols, while those in τdir are related to variations in both aerosol and water vapour; (d) on top of the suggested reduced aerosol concentrations, decreased snow cover can partly explain declined diffuse radiation via lowered surface albedo; (e) the decline in τdir can be partly attributed to the wetting atmosphere via strengthened absorption; and (f) the impact of volcanic eruptions was also identified from such radiative parameters, lasting into the following summer and especially strong in the southern TP. Location, surrounding topography, and upward‐looking hemispherical view shed (generated by Solar Analyst with dark grey as view‐blocked) of the two sites (Golmud and Lhasa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]