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From the perspective of resource theory, it is interesting to achieve the same quantum task using as few quantum resources as possible. Semiquantum key distribution (SQKD), which allows a quantum user to share a confidential key with a classical user who prepares and operates qubits in only one basis, is an important example for studying this issue. To further limit the quantum resources used by users, in this paper, we constructed the first SQKD protocol which restricts the quantum user to prepare quantum states in only one basis and removes the classical user's measurement capability. Furthermore, we prove that the constructed protocol is unconditionally secure by deriving a key rate expression of the error rate in the asymptotic scenario. The work of this paper provides inspiration for achieving quantum superiority with minimal quantum resources., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures

Standard segmentation of medical images based on full-supervised convolutional networks demands accurate dense annotations. Such learning framework is built on laborious manual annotation with restrict demands for expertise, leading to insufficient high-quality labels. To overcome such limitation and exploit massive weakly labeled data, we relaxed the rigid labeling requirement and developed a semi-supervised learning framework based on a teacher-student fashion for organ and lesion segmentation with partial dense-labeled supervision and supplementary loose bounding-box supervision which are easier to acquire. Observing the geometrical relation of an organ and its inner lesions in most cases, we propose a hierarchical organ-to-lesion (O2L) attention module in a teacher segmentor to produce pseudo-labels. Then a student segmentor is trained with combinations of manual-labeled and pseudo-labeled annotations. We further proposed a localization branch realized via an aggregation of high-level features in a deep decoder to predict locations of organ and lesion, which enriches student segmentor with precise localization information. We validated each design in our model on LiTS challenge datasets by ablation study and showed its state-of-the-art performance compared with recent methods. We show our model is robust to the quality of bounding box and achieves comparable performance compared with full-supervised learning methods., Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

We study the influences to the discrete soliton (DS) by introducing linearly long-range nonlocal interactions, which give rise to the off-diagonal elements of the linearly coupled matrix in the discrete nonlinear schrodinger equation to be filled by non-zero terms. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations find that the DS under this circumstance can exhibit strong digital effects: the fundamental DS is a narrow one, which occupies nearly only one waveguide, the dipole and double-monopole solitons, which occupy two waveguides, can be found in self-focusing and -defocusing nonlinearities, respectively. Stable flat-top solitons and their stagger counterparts, which occupy a controllable number of waveguides, can also be obtained through this system. Such digital properties may give rise to additional data processing applications and have potential in fabricating digital optical devices in all-optical networks., Comment: 8 pages, and 6 figures

We study the possibility of switching the types of symmetry breaking bifurcation (SBB) in the cylinder shell waveguide with helical double-well potential along propagation direction. This model is described by the one-dimensional nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger (NLS) equation. The symmetry- and antisymmetry-breakings can be caused by increasing the applied voltage onto the waveguide in the self-focusing and -defocusing cases, respectively. In the self-focusing case, the type of SBB can be switched from supercritical to subcritical. While in the self-defocusing case, the type of SBB can not be switched because only one type of SBB is found., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures

We study large-amplitude one-dimensional solitary waves in photonic crystals featuring competition between linear and nonlinear lattices, with minima of the linear potential coinciding with maxima of the nonlinear pseudopotential, and vice versa (inverted nonlinear photonic crystals, INPhCs), in the case of the saturable self-focusing nonlinearity. Such crystals were recently fabricated using a mixture of SU-8 and Rhodamine-B optical materials. By means of numerical methods and analytical approximations, we find that large-amplitude solitons are broad sharply localized stable pulses (quasi-compactons, QCs). With the increase of the totalpower, P, the QC's centroid performs multiple switchings between minima and maxima of the linear potential. Unlike cubic INPhCs, the large-amplitude solitons are mobile in the medium with the saturable nonlinearity. The threshold value of the kick necessary to set the soliton in motion is found as a function of P. Collisions between moving QCs are considered too., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, Physical Review A, in press