Search

In order to better grasp the quantitative potential of provincial power substitution， a prediction model based on Lasso-XGBoost-Stacking is proposed. Five influencing factors， including economic development， environmental protection， energy price， policy support and technological progress， are quantified by cross-features to reduce the multicollinearity among the influencing factors. Besides， the weights of the quantified influencing factors are evaluated by using Lasso regression model. The predicted MAPE （mean absolute percentage error） of Zhejiang province is up to 12.22%， which can meet the requirements of quantitative potential analysis of power substitution in the province. The analysis of the multi-scenario power substitution scenarios in Zhejiang reveals that economic development has the greatest impact on power substitution potential， and the transportation industry has the greatest power substitution potential relative to industry， agriculture and other sectors.

Elevating cut-off voltage is an efficient approach to boost the energy density of Li-ion batteries. However, the failure of conventional carbonate-based electrolyte at high voltage necessitates fundamental understandings of the formation mechanism of the cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI), especially the contribution from skeleton solvents. In the present work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the disparity in the productivity and oxidative stability of organic components in the CEI associated with ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). These two indicators could jointly determine the existence of lithium alkyl carbonates in the CEI, suggested by the species with a m/z of 95 detected with time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). That disparity results in a prominent difference in the capacity retention at high voltage associated with EC, PC and FEC, respectively. These understandings of cyclic carbonates could shed light on bottom-up strategies in electrolyte engineering for the high-voltage electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundProkineticin 2 (PK2) is a secreted protein and causes potent hyperalgesia in vivo, and is therefore considered to be a new pronociceptive mediator. However, the molecular targets responsible for the pronociceptive effects of PK2 are still poorly understood. Here, we have found that PK2 potentiates the activity of acid-sensing ion channels in the primary sensory neurons.MethodsIn the present study, experiments were performed on neurons freshly isolated from rat dorsal root ganglion by using whole-cell patch clamp and voltage-clamp recording techniques.ResultsPK2 dose-dependently enhanced proton-gated currents with an EC50 of 0.22 ± 0.06 nM. PK2 shifted the proton concentration-response curve upwards, with a 1.81 ± 0.11 fold increase of the maximal current response. PK2 enhancing effect on proton-gated currents was completely blocked by PK2 receptor antagonist. The potentiation was also abolished by intracellular dialysis of GF109203X, a protein kinase C inhibitor, or FSC-231, a protein interacting with C-kinase 1 inhibitor. Moreover, PK2 enhanced the acid-evoked membrane excitability of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and caused a significant increase in the amplitude of the depolarization and the number of spikes induced by acid stimuli. Finally, PK2 exacerbated nociceptive responses to the injection of acetic acid in rats.ConclusionThese results suggest that PK2 increases the activity of acid-sensing ion channels via the PK2 receptor and protein kinase C-dependent signal pathways in rat primary sensory neurons. Our findings support that PK2 is a proalgesic factor and its signaling likely contributes to acidosis-evoked pain by sensitizing acid-sensing ion channels.

The generation of high-repetition rate (frep ≥ 10 GHz) ultra-broadband optical frequency combs (OFCs) at 1550 nm and 1310 nm is investigated by seeding two types of highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs) with 10 GHz picosecond pulses at the pump wavelength of 1550 nm. When pumped near the zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) in the normal dispersion region of a HNLF, 10 GHz flat-topped OFC with 43 nm bandwidth within 5 dB power variation is generated by self-phase modulation (SPM)-based OFC spectral broadening at 26.5 dBm pump power, and 291 fs pulse trains with 10 GHz repetition rate are obtained at 18 dBm pump power without complicated pulse shaping methods. Furthermore, when pumped in the abnormal dispersion region of a HNLF, OFCs with dispersive waves around 1310 nm are studied using a common HNLF and fluorotellurite fibers, which maintain the good coherence of the pump light at 1550 nm. At the same time, sufficient tunability of the generated dispersive waves is achieved when tuning the pump power or ZDW.

Cigarette smoking promotes body weight reduction in humans while paradoxically also promoting insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are unclear. Here we show that nicotine, a major constituent of cigarette smoke, selectively activates AMP-activated protein kinase α2 (AMPKα2) in adipocytes, which in turn phosphorylates MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1) at serine 334, initiating its proteasome-dependent degradation. The nicotine-dependent reduction of MKP1 induces the aberrant activation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, leading to increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at serine 307. Phosphorylation of IRS1 leads to its degradation, protein kinase B inhibition, and the loss of insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis. Consequently, nicotine increases lipolysis, which results in body weight reduction, but this increase also elevates the levels of circulating free fatty acids and thus causes IR in insulin-sensitive tissues. These results establish AMPKα2 as an essential mediator of nicotine-induced whole-body IR in spite of reductions in adiposity., Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which the body's cells become less sensitive to the effects of insulin, so that higher levels of insulin are required to maintain its [...]