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Many bioactive compounds are reported from marine organisms, which are significantly different from those found in terrestrial organisms regarding their chemical structures and pharmacological activities. Marine glycoproteins (MGs) have aroused increasing attention as a good nutrient source owing to their potential applications in medicine, cosmetics and food. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive study on MGs to help readers understand the current state of research on marine-derived glycoproteins. The current review compiles the recent progress made on the structures and functions of MGs with future perspectives to maximize their value and applications via bibliometric analysis methods for the first time. The current research on MGs appears mostly limited to the laboratory, with no large-scale production of marine glycoproteins developed. The sugar chains are bound to proteins through covalent bonds that can readily be cleaved leading to difficultly in their separation and purification. Health effects attributed to MGs include treatment of inflammatory diseases, as well as anti-oxidant, immune modulation, anti-tumor, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-bacterial and anti-freeze activities. This review can not only deepen the understanding of the functions of MGs, but also lay an important foundation for the further development and utilization of marine resources. HIGHLIGHTS: Overview on isolation, structural and functional properties of marine glycoproteins (MGs) via bibliometric analysis methods for the first time. Marine glycoproteins (MGs) have various biological activities and potential health applications. glycoproteins from marine organisms (MGs) significantly enhanced anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal mining production processes are complex and prone to frequent accidents. With the continuous improvement of safety management systems in China's coal mining industry, a vast amount of coal mine safety experience knowledge (CMSEK) has been accumulated, originating from on site operations. This knowledge has been recorded and stored in paper or electronic documents but it remains unconnected, and the increasing volume of documents further complicates the reuse and sharing of this knowledge. In the era of large models and digitalization, this knowledge has yet to be fully developed and utilized. To address these issues, a risk management checklist was derived from coal mining site data. By integrating intelligent algorithm models and the coal industry knowledge engineering design, a coal mine safety experience knowledge graph (CMSEKG) was developed to enhance the efficiency of utilizing coal mine safety experience knowledge. Specifically, we creatively developed a coal mine safety experience knowledge representation framework, capable of representing coal mine risk inspection records from different sources and of various types. Furthermore, we proposed a deep learning-based coal mine safety entity recognition model (CMSNER), which can effectively extract coal mine safety experience knowledge from text. Finally, the CMSEKG was stored using the Neo4j graph database, and a knowledge graph was constructed using selected case information as examples. The CMSEKG effectively integrates fragmented safety management experience and professional knowledge, promoting knowledge services and intelligent applications in coal mining operations, thereby providing knowledge support for the prevention and management of coal mine risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of immature guava fruit extract on diabetic mice, a diabetes mouse model was established through streptozotocin induction. The mice were divided into normal, normal hypo-glycemic, model, positive control, and high, medium, and low dose groups of immature guava fruit extract. The fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and lipid profile of the mice were measured. Pathological observations were conducted on the liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues, and a non-targeted metabolomics study was carried out on the serum samples to investigate the therapeutic effects of immature guava fruit on diabetic mice. The results showed that, compared to the model group, the high-dose immature guava fruit extract significantly reduced the blood glucose levels (P<0.05) and improved the glucose tolerance (P<0.05) in diabetic mice. It also lowered the levels of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol (P<0.05), and exhibited a certain protective effect on the liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues (tissue morphology integrity) of the diabetic mice. Through serum metabolomics analysis, 27 significantly altered differential metabolites had been screened out, and it had been clarified that cortisol synthesis and secretion were the most relevant metabolic pathways. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of immature guava fruit had exhibited certain effects in lowering blood glucose, regulating lipid levels, and protecting liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues. It had achieved the improvement of diabetes by regulating the body's cortisol hormone levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed high-bandwidth consumption services such as cloud computing require large-capacity, long-distance, and wide-coverage development requirements for Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks (NG-PON2). With the development of NG-PON2 technology, the optical line terminal (OLT) device structure of passive optical network (PON) system is also increasingly complex and heterogeneous. This leads to the problem of network congestion and low bandwidth utilization caused by the unbalanced use of link and port resources in the traditional core network in the PON network. Based on the 40G coherent PON experimental system, this paper studies the traffic balancing problem of OLT equipment, and proposes a dynamic traffic balancing strategy based on real-time monitoring of load sharing and reporting of police and periodic adjustment. The experimental results show that the designed dynamic traffic balancing strategy can effectively reduce the PON network blocking rate and improve bandwidth utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatigue is related to a variety of chronic diseases and has become a hot research topic in recent years. Various bioactive components have been extracted from hairtail fish (Trichiurus lepturus); however, none of these studies involved the anti-fatigue activity of hairtail fish glycoprotein (HGP). Thus, antioxidant experiments were conducted in vitro, and the anti-fatigue activity of HGP was further evaluated in BALB/c mice. The effects of HGP on the behavior of BALB/c mice were verified by classical behavioral experiments, and the indicators related to anti-fatigue activity were detected. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity in vitro of HGP increased gradually in the concentration range of 10 to 100 mg/mL. HGP improved the exercise ability of the mice. HGP was also found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK). The contents of liver glycogen (LG) and muscle glycogen (MG) were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased by HGP. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum and brains of the mice was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by HGP, especially in the middle- and high-dose groups. These results enhance our understanding of the anti-fatigue function of HGP and lay an important foundation for the further development and utilization of hairtail fish resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing services and real-time Internet applications have spawned a large variety of potential requirements for quality of service (QoS), especially the latency and connection setup time. However, with the optical networks develop toward to larger scale, wider coverage and more users access, conventional resource reservation protocol traffic engineering (RSVP-TE) signal hop by hop transmission scheme cannot meet the requirements of these new applications for real-time dynamic services and fast restoration with long propagation delays. This paper proposes a novel RSVP-TE bilateral-recursive region re-routing crankback mechanism (BRCB) base on distributed path computation element (PCE) for generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) optical networks. In this mechanism, the backtracking nodes re-route and update the region routing paths which bypass the crankback and re-routing failure nodes when crankback occurs. It not only reduces the influencing factors of the scale of network, signaling crankback position and frequency to path connection setup time, but also avoids the backtracking of teardown messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the impacts of alcohol dependence on the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam. Methods Kunming mice (n=36) were divided into 3 groups (n=12 in each group), Alcohol Dependence Group (A group), Diazepam Group (D group)and Normal Saline Group (N group). A group received an intraperitoneal injection with a 0.2 mL dose of 0.8% alcohol in NS (normal saline), while both D and N group received an injection with a 0.2 mL dose of NS without alcohol, twice a day. Mice's autonomic activities were monitored every day. After 7 days, the electroconvulsive experiment was performed. Both A and D group were given a weight-based dose of 0.05 mL/10 g of 0.05% diazepam via intraperitoneal injection, while N group was given a 0.05 mL/10 g dose of NS. Before administration and after 15, 30, 60 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of each group was measured. Results The count of autonomic activity of mice in A group was less than that of mice in D and N group during the 2nd day to 6th day (P<0.05). On the 1st and 7th day, the difference of the count of autonomic activity of mice between A group and the other two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in D and N group before administration (P<0.05). After administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in N group didn't show statistically significant difference from that of mice before administration (P > 0.05). After 15 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in D group was higher than that of mice in A and N group (P<0.05), while the convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in N group (P<0.05). After 30 min and 60 min of administration, both the convulsion thresholds of mice in A and D group were higher than that of mice in N group (P<0.05). However, at this point, the difference of the convulsion thresholds of mice between A and D group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Alcohol dependence has anticonvulsant effect. Alcohol dependence weakens the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is an RF-amide neuropeptide that binds and activates its cognate G protein-coupled receptor, prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PrRPR), also known as GPR10. PrRP and PrRPR are highly conserved across mammals and involved in regulating a range of physiological processes, including stress response, appetite regulation, pain modulation, cardiovascular function, and potentially reproductive functions. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of PrRP-bound PrRPR coupled to Gq or Gi heterotrimer, unveiling distinct molecular determinants underlying the specific recognition of the ligand's C-terminal RF-amide motif. We identify a conserved polar pocket that accommodates the C-terminal amide shared by RF-amide peptides. Structural comparison with neuropeptide Y receptors reveals both similarities and differences in engaging the essential RF/RY-amide motifs. Our findings demonstrate the general mechanism governing RF-amide motif recognition by PrRPR and RF-amide peptide receptors, and provide a foundation for elucidating activation mechanisms and developing selective drugs targeting this important peptide–receptor system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemical protocol for the formylation of aryl halides was developed. By using DMF as both a solvent and formyl source, with Ni foam as the cathode and Mg as the sacrificial anode, a series of valuable aromatic aldehydes were obtained in moderate to good yields. This method has features such as very simple and mild reaction conditions, good scalability and a nice substrate scope, which means that it has good application prospects in organic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the frequent occurrence of online public opinion events, the problem of product stigma is becoming increasingly serious. Enterprises must use effective quality information disclosure strategies to reduce losses affecting market sales and profit. Therefore, this paper aims to address the supply chain structure composed of one product manufacturer and one component manufacturer under the influence of stigma. It constructs a decision optimization model under three scenarios: no information disclosure, the product manufacturer disclosures information, and the component manufacturer disclosures information, and uses Stackelberg game theory to solve and analyze the model. Furthermore, we use numerical examples to verify the model results, and provide management suggestions for enterprises. The research results show that enterprises suffering from product stigma should actively implement information disclosure strategies to reduce their profit losses, and the lower the stigma level, the better the effect of information disclosure will be; when the stigma level becomes more serious, enterprises should take timely steps to reduce the sales price of products, the sales price of components, and the efforts to disclose information; for industries that value confidentiality of product information, although the implementation of information disclosure by the component manufacturer can require less effort for information disclosure, the two enterprises will suffer higher economic losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the impact of tobacco smoking on seminal parameters in men with both primary and secondary infertility. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 1938 infertile men from China who were categorized as nonsmokers (n=1,067) and smokers (n=871), with the latter group further divided into moderate smokers (1-10 cigarettes per day) (n=568) and heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes per day) (n=303). We assessed semen volume, concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility, and normal morphology following World Health Organization (WHO 2010) guidelines. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationships between smoking and seminal parameters while also controlling for lifestyle factors. Results: The analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between smoking and adverse seminal parameters in both primary and secondary infertility patients. Specifically, primary infertile men who smoked had a lower semen concentration, with heavy smokers showing a median sperm concentration of 59.2×10^ 6/ml compared to 68.6×10^ 6/ml in nonsmokers (P=0.01). The secondary infertile men who smoked exhibited reduced forward sperm motility, with heavy smokers demonstrating a median progressive motility of 44.7%, which was significantly lower than the 48.1% observed in nonsmokers (P=0.04). Conclusion: Smoking is significantly associated with detrimental effects on seminal parameters in infertile men, thus highlighting the need for cessation programs as part of fertility treatment protocols. Encouraging smoking cessation could substantially improve semen quality and fertility outcomes in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is indeed a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in individuals with coronary heart disease. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, is characterized by the accumulation of intracellular lipid peroxides, which is implicated in cardiomyocyte injury. This study aims to identify biomarkers that are indicative of ferroptosis in the context of AMI, and to examine their potential roles in immune infiltration. Methods: Firstly, the GSE59867 dataset was used to identify differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE-FRGs) in AMI. We then performed gene ontology (GO) and functional enrichment analysis on these DE-FRGs. Secondly, we analyzed the GSE76591 dataset and used bioinformatic methods to build ceRNA networks. Thirdly, we identified hub genes in protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. After obtaining the key DE-FRGs through the junction of hub genes with ceRNA and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). ImmucellAI was applied to estimate the immune cell infiltration in each sample and examine the relationship between key DE-FRGs and 24 immunocyte subsets. The diagnostic performance of these genes was further evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Ultimately, we identified an immune-related ceRNA regulatory axis linked to ferroptosis in AMI. Results: Among 56 DE-FRGs identified in AMI, 41 of them were integrated into the construction of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. TLR4 and PIK3CA were identified as key DE-FRGs and PIK3CA was confirmed as a diagnostic biomarker for AMI. Moreover, CD4_native cells, nTreg cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, central-memory cells, effector-memory cells, and CD8_T cells had higher infiltrates in AMI samples compared to control samples. In contrast, exhausted cells, iTreg cells, and Tfh cells had lower infiltrates in AMI samples. Spearman analysis confirmed the correlation between 24 immune cells and PIK3CA/TLR4. Ultimately, we constructed an immune-related regulatory axis involving XIST and OIP5-AS1/miR-216a/PIK3CA. Conclusion: Our comprehensive analysis has identified PIK3CA as a robust and promising biomarker for this condition. Moreover, we have also identified an immune-related regulatory axis involving XIST and OIP5-AS1/miR-216a/PIK3CA, which may play a key role in regulating ferroptosis during AMI progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Leukocytospermia (LCS) is a known cause of male infertility. However, the relationship between seminal leukocytes and semen quality among infertile couples remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the association between semen quality and LCS in male partners of infertile couples. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 512 men who asked for a fertility evaluation in a reproductive center in China. Seminal leukocytes were counted following peroxidase staining with benzidine. Other semen parameters were compared in subfertile men with and without LCS. Results: Poor semen quality (e.g., low semen volume, sperm concentration, and sperm progressive/total motility) was observed among men with LCS compared to those without LCS. Men with LCS had a higher risk of low sperm progressive motility (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98−0.99, p = 0.02) and total motility (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98−0.99, p = 0.02), even after adjustment for potential confounders (both OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98−0.99, p = 0.03). Lower sperm viability was observed in LCS from male partners of secondary couples, while no significant difference in semen parameters was found between men with and without LCS in male partners of primary infertile couples. Low sperm motility and viability were associated with LCS in men from secondary infertile couples after adjusting for confounders (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95−0.99, p = 0.04; OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89−0.99, p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a higher risk of abnormal semen parameters was correlated with an increased number of leukocytes in men from secondary infertile couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in the growth and development of plants and animals. To date, the systematic analysis of E2 and E3 genes in Rhodophyta is limited. In this study, 14 E2 genes and 51 E3 genes were identified in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, an economically important red alga. E2 genes were classified into four classes according to the structure of the conserved domain, UBC. E3 genes were classified into 12 subfamilies according to individual conserved domains. A phylogenetic tree of seven algae species showed that functional differentiation of RING-type E3s was the highest, and the similarity between orthologous genes was high except in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chara braunii. RNA-seq data analysis showed significant differential expression levels of E2 and E3 genes under the life stages of tetraspore formation and release, especially GlUBCN and GlAPC3. According to GO and KEGG analysis of two transcriptomes, GlUBCN and GlAPC3 were involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and other subunits of the anaphase promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) and its activators GlCDC20 and GlCDH1 were also enriched into this process. The CDH1 and CDC20 in 981 were down-regulated during tetraspores formation and release, with the down-regulation of CDH1 being particularly significant; CDH1 and CDC20 in WLP-1, ZC, and WT were up-regulated during tetraspores formation and release, with CDC20 being more significantly up-regulated. Therefore, GlCDH1, rather than GlCDC20, in '981' might play the leading role in the activation of the APC/C, and GlCDC20 might play the leading role rather than GlCDH1 in strains WLP-1, ZC and wild type. The low fertility of cultivar 981 might be highly correlated with the inactivity of activators CDH1 and CDC20. This study provided a basic and comprehensive understanding of characteristic of E2 and E3 genes in Gp. lemaneiformis and set a foundation for further understanding of E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligase in regulating tetrasporophytes development of Gp. lemaneiformis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil total nitrogen (STN) is a crucial component of the ecosystem's nitrogen pool, and accurate prediction of STN content is essential for understanding global nitrogen cycling processes. This study utilized the measured STN content of 126 sample points and 40 extracted remote sensing variables to predict the STN content and map its spatial distribution in the northeastern coastal region of Hebei Province, China, employing the random forest (RF), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) methods. The purpose was to compare the ability of remote sensing images (Landsat-8, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2) with different machine learning methods for predicting STN content. The research results show the following: (1) The three machine learning methods accurately predicted the STN content and the optimal model provided by the XGBoost method, with an R2 of 0.627, RMSE of 0.127 g·kg−1, and MAE of 0.092 g·kg−1. (2) The combination of optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images improved prediction accuracy, with the R2 improving by 45.5%. (3) The importance of optical images is higher than that of SAR images in the RF, GBM, and XGBoost methods, with optical images accounting for 87%, 76%, and 77% importance, respectively. (4) The spatial distribution of STN content predicted by the three methods is similar. Higher STN contents are distributed in the northern part of the study area, while lower STN contents are distributed in coastal areas. The results of this study can be very useful for inventories of soil nitrogen and provide data support and method references for revealing nitrogen cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the essence of Marxist consumer economy theory, this paper argues that the innovations of digital technology can effectively facilitate the integration of economies of scale, economies of scope, and long-tail economies. Through careful analysis of the practical case of Xiaomi's business ecosystem, this paper highlights the notion that data serve as both a key production factor and a critical consumption carrier within the context of digital consumption. We thoroughly investigated the influence of the digital economy on transforming consumption behavior among residents by analyzing a range of typical business cases and the latest data that triggered this transformation. Based on the analysis, this paper argues that such transformation can lead to the platform agglomeration effect, the inclusive diffusion effect, and the push-pull effect by highlighting the specific ways in which the digital economy disrupts the consumption-production model and contributes to the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries. Additionally, this paper demonstrates how the digital economy can expand and promote emerging business forms, providing insights into the ways in which digital innovation is reshaping the contemporary economic landscape. This study intends to provide several policy suggestions that can expand domestic demand, promote consumption, drive the high-quality and integrated development of China's digital and real economy, and position China as a strong cyber and consumer nation by using digitalized consumption as a starting point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]