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Many bioactive compounds are reported from marine organisms, which are significantly different from those found in terrestrial organisms regarding their chemical structures and pharmacological activities. Marine glycoproteins (MGs) have aroused increasing attention as a good nutrient source owing to their potential applications in medicine, cosmetics and food. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive study on MGs to help readers understand the current state of research on marine-derived glycoproteins. The current review compiles the recent progress made on the structures and functions of MGs with future perspectives to maximize their value and applications via bibliometric analysis methods for the first time. The current research on MGs appears mostly limited to the laboratory, with no large-scale production of marine glycoproteins developed. The sugar chains are bound to proteins through covalent bonds that can readily be cleaved leading to difficultly in their separation and purification. Health effects attributed to MGs include treatment of inflammatory diseases, as well as anti-oxidant, immune modulation, anti-tumor, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-bacterial and anti-freeze activities. This review can not only deepen the understanding of the functions of MGs, but also lay an important foundation for the further development and utilization of marine resources. HIGHLIGHTS: Overview on isolation, structural and functional properties of marine glycoproteins (MGs) via bibliometric analysis methods for the first time. Marine glycoproteins (MGs) have various biological activities and potential health applications. glycoproteins from marine organisms (MGs) significantly enhanced anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of immature guava fruit extract on diabetic mice, a diabetes mouse model was established through streptozotocin induction. The mice were divided into normal, normal hypo-glycemic, model, positive control, and high, medium, and low dose groups of immature guava fruit extract. The fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and lipid profile of the mice were measured. Pathological observations were conducted on the liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues, and a non-targeted metabolomics study was carried out on the serum samples to investigate the therapeutic effects of immature guava fruit on diabetic mice. The results showed that, compared to the model group, the high-dose immature guava fruit extract significantly reduced the blood glucose levels (P<0.05) and improved the glucose tolerance (P<0.05) in diabetic mice. It also lowered the levels of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol (P<0.05), and exhibited a certain protective effect on the liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues (tissue morphology integrity) of the diabetic mice. Through serum metabolomics analysis, 27 significantly altered differential metabolites had been screened out, and it had been clarified that cortisol synthesis and secretion were the most relevant metabolic pathways. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of immature guava fruit had exhibited certain effects in lowering blood glucose, regulating lipid levels, and protecting liver, kidney, and pancreatic tissues. It had achieved the improvement of diabetes by regulating the body's cortisol hormone levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed high-bandwidth consumption services such as cloud computing require large-capacity, long-distance, and wide-coverage development requirements for Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks (NG-PON2). With the development of NG-PON2 technology, the optical line terminal (OLT) device structure of passive optical network (PON) system is also increasingly complex and heterogeneous. This leads to the problem of network congestion and low bandwidth utilization caused by the unbalanced use of link and port resources in the traditional core network in the PON network. Based on the 40G coherent PON experimental system, this paper studies the traffic balancing problem of OLT equipment, and proposes a dynamic traffic balancing strategy based on real-time monitoring of load sharing and reporting of police and periodic adjustment. The experimental results show that the designed dynamic traffic balancing strategy can effectively reduce the PON network blocking rate and improve bandwidth utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatigue is related to a variety of chronic diseases and has become a hot research topic in recent years. Various bioactive components have been extracted from hairtail fish (Trichiurus lepturus); however, none of these studies involved the anti-fatigue activity of hairtail fish glycoprotein (HGP). Thus, antioxidant experiments were conducted in vitro, and the anti-fatigue activity of HGP was further evaluated in BALB/c mice. The effects of HGP on the behavior of BALB/c mice were verified by classical behavioral experiments, and the indicators related to anti-fatigue activity were detected. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity in vitro of HGP increased gradually in the concentration range of 10 to 100 mg/mL. HGP improved the exercise ability of the mice. HGP was also found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK). The contents of liver glycogen (LG) and muscle glycogen (MG) were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased by HGP. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum and brains of the mice was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by HGP, especially in the middle- and high-dose groups. These results enhance our understanding of the anti-fatigue function of HGP and lay an important foundation for the further development and utilization of hairtail fish resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing services and real-time Internet applications have spawned a large variety of potential requirements for quality of service (QoS), especially the latency and connection setup time. However, with the optical networks develop toward to larger scale, wider coverage and more users access, conventional resource reservation protocol traffic engineering (RSVP-TE) signal hop by hop transmission scheme cannot meet the requirements of these new applications for real-time dynamic services and fast restoration with long propagation delays. This paper proposes a novel RSVP-TE bilateral-recursive region re-routing crankback mechanism (BRCB) base on distributed path computation element (PCE) for generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) optical networks. In this mechanism, the backtracking nodes re-route and update the region routing paths which bypass the crankback and re-routing failure nodes when crankback occurs. It not only reduces the influencing factors of the scale of network, signaling crankback position and frequency to path connection setup time, but also avoids the backtracking of teardown messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the impacts of alcohol dependence on the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam. Methods Kunming mice (n=36) were divided into 3 groups (n=12 in each group), Alcohol Dependence Group (A group), Diazepam Group (D group)and Normal Saline Group (N group). A group received an intraperitoneal injection with a 0.2 mL dose of 0.8% alcohol in NS (normal saline), while both D and N group received an injection with a 0.2 mL dose of NS without alcohol, twice a day. Mice's autonomic activities were monitored every day. After 7 days, the electroconvulsive experiment was performed. Both A and D group were given a weight-based dose of 0.05 mL/10 g of 0.05% diazepam via intraperitoneal injection, while N group was given a 0.05 mL/10 g dose of NS. Before administration and after 15, 30, 60 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of each group was measured. Results The count of autonomic activity of mice in A group was less than that of mice in D and N group during the 2nd day to 6th day (P<0.05). On the 1st and 7th day, the difference of the count of autonomic activity of mice between A group and the other two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in D and N group before administration (P<0.05). After administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in N group didn't show statistically significant difference from that of mice before administration (P > 0.05). After 15 min of administration, the convulsion threshold of mice in D group was higher than that of mice in A and N group (P<0.05), while the convulsion threshold of mice in A group was higher than that of mice in N group (P<0.05). After 30 min and 60 min of administration, both the convulsion thresholds of mice in A and D group were higher than that of mice in N group (P<0.05). However, at this point, the difference of the convulsion thresholds of mice between A and D group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Alcohol dependence has anticonvulsant effect. Alcohol dependence weakens the anticonvulsant effect of diazepam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the influences of trigeminal neuropathic pain on the cerebral blood flow in a ET-1 focal cerebral ischemia model., Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (220-260 g) were randomly divided into a model group (trigeminal neuralgia, TN group) and a sham operation group (sham group). The TN group received bilateral infraorbital nerve chronic constriction surgery, and the sham group only underwent exposure of the infraorbital nerve. The mechanical pain threshold of the rats was continuously monitored for 30 days post surgery. On postoperative day 30, the animals were anesthetized, and 3 μL (120 pM/μL) ET-1 was injected into the surroundings of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) to establish a cerebral focal ischemia-reperfusion injury model in rats. The changes in cerebral blood flow of these two groups were monitored 30 min after the injection of ET-1., Results: The mechanic pain threshold values between rats in the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). The threshold value in the TN group on postoperative day 9 significantly decreased compared with that before surgery (P<0.01). Between postoperative days 9 and 30, the pain threshold values in the TN group were significantly lower than those in the sham group (P<0.01). From postoperative day 10, the mean arterial pressure in the TN group significantly increased compared with that before surgery (P<0.05), and the blood pressure (BP) in the TN group was higher than that in the sham group between postoperative days 10 and 30 (P<0.05). After 75 min of ET-1 microinjection, the cerebral blood flow in the rat frontal cortex exhibited reperfusion, and the cerebral blood flow in the TN group was significantly higher than that in the sham group (P<0.05). In addition, the content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the blood of rats in the TN group was significantly higher than that in the sham group (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Trigeminal neuropathic pain may increase the mean arterial pressure and the content of CGRP in the plasma of rats, thus increasing the cerebral blood flow in the frontal cortex of the ET-1 ischemia-reperfusion model.