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To the Editor: Sparganosis is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with spargana, the plerocercoid larvae of various diphyllobothroid tapeworms belonging to the genus Spirometra (1-3). Sparganosis poses a [...]

Technical processing and parameters of 85/15cotton/wool blended yarn were introduced in this article. Before producing, wetting and oiling were adopted to control the moisture regain at about 20%, to reduce the damage of wool also make slivering smoothly. Considered the uniformity and avoid the phenomenon of uneven dyeing, the measures adopt the way of cotton and wool sliver mix with cotton silver, that was first using cotton and wool to make sliver, then drawing with pure cotton sliver. Due to wool's feature of more curls and large static, related technical measures are adopted to guarantee a successful yarn quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the karyotypes of amniotic fluid cells and compare the incidence of chromosomal abnormality as well as to evaluate the clinical significance of abnormal karyotypes., Methods: A total of 13 648 pregnant women came to Shanghai Jiai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University to do amniocentesis from September 1998 to November 2010, and 13 795 amniotic fluid specimens were successfully extracted and cultured, thus 13 795 fetuses received karyotype diagnosis. These fetuses were grouped according to different indications. If maternal age was ≥ 35, the fetuses were grouped into the advanced maternal age group (4065); and if maternal serum screening test revealed high-risk of trisomy 18 or trisomy 21, the fetuses were grouped into the high-risk serum screening group (6462); and those with abnormal signs of ultrasound screening were grouped into the abnormal ultrasound signs group (1539); and if either of the parents was with chromosome abnormalities, the fetus was grouped into the paternal/maternal abnormality group (108); whereas the remainder were grouped in other factors group (1621). The amniotic fluid cells were in-situ cultured on coverslips, harvested by conventional G-banded methods, and then analyzed by two doctors. In order to get rapid diagnosis, some pregnant women whose gestational age ≥ 26 weeks accepted fluorescense in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH was done on 78 uncultured amniotic fluid specimens using probes located at chromosome 13, 18, 21, X, Y. Some parents were required to analyze lymphocyte karyotype to help judging the origin of abnormal karyotype., Results: (1) Classification and composition of abnormal karyotypes in each group: a total of 388 abnormal karyotypes were found among 13 795 fetuses, and the abnormal rate was 2.813% (388/13 795). Of the 388 fetuses, aneuploidy was the most common pattern which was up to 59.8% (232/388); autosomal structural abnormality rate was 24.7% (96/388); mosaicism was 12.4% (48/388). Other uncommon abnormal karyotypes included marker chromosome (5/388, 1.3%), sex chromosomal structural abnormality (4/388, 1.0%) and triploid (3/388, 0.8%). Aneuploidy was the most common in most groups except the paternal/maternal abnormality group. There were four cases of rare aneuploid in the advanced maternal age group, the high-risk serum screening group and the abnormal ultrasound signs group respectively. Every type of abnormality could be found in the abnormal ultrasound signs group, and autosomal structural abnormalities were concentrated in paternal/maternal abnormality group. Mosaicism mainly distributed in the high-risk serum screening group, accounting for 20.0% (29/145) of abnormalities in this group. (2) Abnormal types and the incidence: the most common type was trisomy 21 (138/388, 35.6%), followed by autosomal balanced structural rearrangements (80/388, 20.6%), mosaicism (48/388, 12.4%) and trisomy 18 (44/388, 11.3%). Others included non-balanced autosomal structural rearrangements (16/388, 4.1%), 45, X0 (16/388, 4.1%) and 47, XXY (15/388, 3.9%). (3) Lymphocyte karyotype analysis of the couples: parents of 153 fetuses were analyzed to determine the origin of abnormal karyotype. Fifty-eight familial and 95 de novo abnormalities were found. FISH results were the same with G-banding karyotype, and two of these were trisomy 21., Conclusions: Abnormal karyotype composition is different according to different maternal amniocentisis indications. There is a variety of abnormal karyotypes in the second trimester pregnancy, and the risk of fetal malformation is related with the kind of abnormal karyotype.

Objective: To investigate the sleep features in the patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and compare the sleep quality between those IBS patients who were with and without anxiety and depression., Methods: Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire (PSQI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were measured in the 145 IBS patients and 59 regular physical examination volunteers. IBS patients were also divided into two subgroups--patients with or without anxiety and depression based on cutoff scores of SAS and SDS. Comparisons of sleep quality were made between subgroups, and between IBS patients and volunteer controls., Results: Compared with the controls, the SAS raw score, SDS raw score and SAS positive incidence in IBS patients were shown statistically significant differences (P<0.05), while the SDS positive incidence had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). PSQI total scores were significantly higher in the IBS patients without anxiety and depression (P<0.05), 3 domains (sleep quality, sleep disturbances and daytime function disorder) were also found statistically significant differences (P<0.05), compared with the controls. The IBS patients with anxiety and depression were statistically significantly different from the controls (P<0.05) in 6 domains (sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, sleep time and daytime function disorder) and significantly higher PSQI total scores (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were also found in all 7 domains and with higher PSQI total scores in IBS patients with anxiety and depression, compared with IBS patients without anxiety and depression., Conclusions: IBS patients were more likely to have sleep abnormality, mainly in sleep quality, sleep disturbances and daytime function disorder and PSQI total scores. The abnormalities of these factors were independent of emotional disorder. However, emotional disorder worsened the sleep disorder in IBS patients.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of fatal cases with confirmed A H1N1 influenza so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this severe disease., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 11 fatal cases with A H1N1 influenza in Tianjin between September 1 and November 4 2009., Results: There were 6 males and 5 females with a median age of 25 (21 - 36) years old. Two cases were pregnant women and 3 patients suffered such concurrent disorders as dilated cardiomyopathy, multiple myeloma or atrophic gastritis. Over 3 lung fields were involved on chest imaging studies and the oxygenation index was less than 300 mm Hg at admission. The therapies of oseltamivir and methylprednisolone were administered and mechanical ventilation was initiated within 24 hours. Refractory hypoxemia and a higher level of lactate dehydrogenase were present during treatment. Pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema occurred in 4 patients, acute renal failure in 1 and pneumopyothorax in 1. The culture of airway secretion at 3 - 7 days after mechanical ventilation showed Staphylococcus aureus in 4 patients and Aspergillus in 2. The progress of disease was so quick that the duration from onset of clinical symptoms to hospitalization was a median of 4 (3 - 6) days and the duration from onset of clinical symptoms to death a median of 12 days., Conclusion: The fatal cases with A H1N1 influenza in Tianjin occurred mostly in young individuals and pregnant women. This severe disease had a rapid progression. And bacterial co-infections were quite common. Refractory hypoxemia resulting in respiratory failure was the main mortality reason.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using one way flap device in sheep model of heterogeneous emphysema., Methods: Six 6-month sheep (weight: 20-30 kg) were treated with localized papain instillations to generate heterogeneous emphysema, subsequently underwent BLVR using one way-flap device at subsegment. Lung functional residual capacity (FRC) was analyzed before and 8 weeks after operation. Animals were euthanized at the 8-week time point. Lungs were removed en bloc and inflated with a super syringe to look for areas of gross collapse. Samples were collected from collapsed and non-collapsed areas, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, made paraffin section and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe morphologic change of bronchi., Results: BLVR was well tolerated without complications, and it reduced lung volumes (change in residual volume 49.5%). There was no evidence of infection, abscess, or granuloma formation, or allergic reaction. Scar tissue, generated by BLVR, replaced hyperinflated lung,improved respiratory function safely and consistently., Conclusion: BLVR using one-way flap device is a minimally invasive procedure and the stimulus of the devices to walls of bronchi is slight, moreover, the technique may attain effectiveness of surgery. Therefore maybe it will be a perspective treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.