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Stickler syndrome is a hereditary connective tissue disorder, characterized in ocular manifestations by high myopia and vitreous abnormalities. The progression of the disease can lead to giant retinal tear and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, making it the most common cause of inherited pediatric retinal detachment. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment for retinal detachment associated with Stickler syndrome. However, there are currently no evidence-based management strategies. Patients typically require multiple surgeries, with low reattachment rates and high recurrence rates, emphasizing the importance of prophylactic treatment. Current prophylactic measures include scleral bucking, laser photocoagulation and retinal cryotherapy, but their absolute benefits remain insufficiently supported. This review summarizes recent advances in the prophylaxis and treatment of retinal detachment in Stickler syndrome, aiming to provide new insights and essential references for the prevention and treatment for such conditions.

Purpose: Purtscher-like retinopathy is a rare microvascular occlusive disease that has been reported in few literature especially in pediatric patients. The ocular manifestation is associated with various systemic disorders, though its distinct pathophysiology and appropriate therapies remain unclear. This research presents three cases of Purtscher-like retinopathy secondary to febrile illnesses in pediatric patients. Methods: Medical history and clinical findings were retrospectively collected. Results: We report a series of three pediatric patients (age range, 7–13 years) who developed Purtscher-like retinopathy, secondary to febrile illnesses, including systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, thrombotic microangiopathy, and COVID-19 infection. All patients received steroidal therapy to control underlying conditions and ocular disease, with visual improvement in different degrees. Conclusions: Clinician awareness of Purtscher-like retinopathy is crucial for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with protracted high fevers and febrile viral illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise of research. Abundant fossil records of Altingiaceae have been discovered from all Northern Hemisphere continents and suggest its widespread occurrence during the Paleogene, shedding light on its evolutionary history. However, records of unlobed Altingiaceae leaf fossils are rare and discovered only in East Asia to date. Methodology. Plant fossils were collected from the lignite opencast mine Profen-Süd in central Germany from late Eocene sediments of an alluvial coastal plain. From a total of 140 compressed leaves, cuticles were obtained from 52 specimens for studying epidermal characters. Leaf architecture and cuticle micromorphology were described and compared with fossil and extant species sharing similar characteristics. Pivotal results. The new material belongs to a rare and incompletely known fossil species from the same region and age. For taxonomic reasons, a new fossil genus— Zlatkophyllum gen. nov.—associated with Altingiaceae is established. Zlatkophyllum fischkandelii sp. nov. et comb. nov. is redescribed and reconsidered on the basis of the simple dentate, almost circular leaves with semicraspedodromous secondary vein framework; Ω-shaped anticlinal walls of epidermal cells; and brachyparacytic stomata. Conclusions. The new fossil genus is the first representative of Altingiaceae from the European Cenozoic with exclusively unlobed leaves, thus providing important implications for the evolutionary history of the family. In the fossil assemblage, Z. fischkandelii co-occurs with abundant Steinhauera subglobosa infructescences from the same family, and thus the new fossil taxon is hypothetically the previously unknown foliage of the S. subglobosa –producing fossil plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desiccation due to air exposure is a common environmental stress that harms the health of crustaceans. How crustaceans respond to air exposure remains largely unclear. In this research, we explored the physiological responses and gene regulation under air exposure of an invasive species Procambarus clarkii, which is the most commonly cultured freshwater crustacean in China. Toll3 belonging to the Toll‐like receptor family and proPO in the prophenoloxidase‐activating system were two important immune responses to air exposure. In addition, air exposure can also influence ammonia metabolism via regulating the expression of the key genes. Prx6 and proPO showed quick responses and high sensitivity to air exposure, suggesting the potential to be the biomarker for desiccation stress assessment in crayfish. The results of this research can provide useful information for monitoring desiccation stress, as well as transport and sale management in red swamp crayfish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]