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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. The pathogenesis of OLP is still unclear. Immune abnormalities mediated by T cells and related cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OLP. In recent years, glycolytic metabolism-related transporters, enzymes and regulators, such as glucose transporter-1 (Glut1), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1a), have attracted an increasing amount of attention in OLP by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of T cells and the secretion of inflammatory factors. It has been shown that 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) or rapamycin (RAPA) inhibits the glycolytic metabolism of T cells and then inhibits OLP. This article reviews the research progress of glycolytic metabolism-related transporters, enzymes and regulatory factors in OLP in recent years.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unclear pathogenesis and is difficult to cure. The incidence rate is increasing year by year, and there is high drug dependence for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, which leads to obvious the treatment resistance to s side effects. Therefore, seeking natural health products for nutritional therapy has become an attention focus of attention. In this articlestudy, dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) was used to establish a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. The mice were intervened with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) (130 mg/(kg mb∙d)) or pomegranate juice (30% and 100%, 10 mL/d). Body mass, disease activity index (DAI) and colon length were measured, liver and kidney function and oxidative stress were measured by biochemical kits, the levels of inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), colon tissue sections were observed, and the contents of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Finally, a comprehensive evaluation of the effect and mechanism of pomegranate juice against ulcerative colitis in mice was exploredperformed. Compared with the DSS group, body mass and colon length in the pomegranate juice intervention group was increased, DAI was decreased, liver and kidney functions were improved, and could the expression of proinflammatory factors was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). In addition, anti-inflammatory factor expression was significantly enhanced (P < 0.01), reduce the level of oxidative stress and the activity of inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) were significantly reduced (P < 0.01), the level of up-regulate fecal SCFAs was up-regulated, andimprove the colonic epithelial structure was improved. Pomegranate juice can attenuate intestinal mucosal damage and liver and kidney dysfunction, and has a good therapeutic effect on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

The present study examined the pharmacokinetics of IMM‐H012 in rat plasma, utilizing ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). Internal standard cilostazol was employed, and plasma samples were processed using acetonitrile precipitation. A mobile phase (acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid in water) with gradient elution was used to achieve chromatographic separation using a UPLC BEH C18 column. In multiple reaction monitoring mode, electrospray ionization MS/MS was utilized in positive ionization mode. Based on findings, the lower limit of quantification was 2 ng/mL, and the linearity of IMM‐H012 in rat plasma was found to be acceptable within the range of 2–2000 ng/mL (R2 > 0.995). The intra‐day and inter‐day precision relative standard deviation was less than 14% of IMM‐H012 in rat plasma. The matrix effect was within the range of 102%–107%, and the accuracy ranged from 92% to 113%. Pharmacokinetics of IMM‐H012 in rats after oral administration were successfully studied using UPLC‐MS/MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rejuvenating composite seal (RCS) consists of a chip seal and a micro-surfacing (MS). There are two reasons for RCS's poor application effect in China and less frequent application than that of MS: first, the material amount of a composite seal is determined largely based upon experience and lacks a theoretical basis; and second, the composite seal cannot achieve the expected service life. The objective of this study is to determine an appropriate technique to prepare RCS in the laboratory and verify its long-term water stability. Based on an improved sweep test, a method to determine the rate at which to apply the rejuvenating emulsified asphalt used in a chip seal was established. Through the wet track abrasion test and the loaded wheel test, the proper proportion of materials in the MS mix was determined. The material dosage and technique to prepare the RCS was determined by the matrix analysis method based on a multitarget orthogonal test, and its long-term water stability was determined by immersion and freeze-thawing. The results showed that the material dosage of the chip seal was quantitatively determined by an improved sweeping test, the preparation process and material dosage of the composite seal were quantitatively determined by matrix analysis, and the resulting composite seal had reasonable structure and good comprehensive performance. The findings of this paper can provide theoretical guidance for the promotion and application of composite seals in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a T cell immune mediated autoimmune disease in which cytokines, particularly IFN-γ are pathogenesis factors. Glucose metabolism is closely related to effector functions of activated T cells, such as IFN-γ production. The characteristics of glucose metabolism and whether interfering with glucose metabolism could affect T cells produce IFN-γ ability in AA patients remains unknown. In this study, we examined the characteristics of glucose metabolism in T cells from AA patients and the effects of the glucose metabolism inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on the ability of T cell production IFN-γ. Our data demonstrated abnormal glucose metabolism in stimulated T cells from AA patients, mainly reflected by increased glucose uptake and lactate secretion. In addition, EM and TEMRA cells exhibit higher glucose uptake in patients with AA compared with healthy individuals. Moreover, the frequency of IFN-γ+ was reduced by 2-DG in T cell from AA patients. Unexpectedly, 2-DG re-normalized the frequency of IFN-γ+ in other T cell subsets, except for in the TEMRA. In conclusion, our study reveals for the first time the existence of enhanced aerobic glycolysis in T cells from AA patients, and different T cell subsets exhibit different extent glucose uptake requirements. Aerobic glycolysis regulation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for aberrant T cell immunity. Moreover, TEMRA may have specific metabolic abnormalities, which should receive more attention in future targeted immune metabolism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]