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Introduction: The current study aims to elucidate the relationships of depression of caregivers with depression of hemodialysis patients and determine predictors of hospitalization of hemodialysis patients. Methods: The single‐center, cross‐sectional study consisted of 200 pairs of eligible hemodialysis patients and caregivers from January 2019 to January 2020. Depression was evaluated using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Findings: There were 89 hemodialysis patients with depression (44.5%) and 74 caregivers with depression (37.0%). In multi‐variable logistic regression analysis, the hemodialysis patients with depressed caregivers were at increased risk of depression after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 2.36, p = 0.04). Depression of hemodialysis patients (β = 0.51, p = 0.00) and depression of caregivers (β = 0.36, p = 0.04) were predictors of hospitalization of hemodialysis patients. Discussion: Depression was prevalent among hemodialysis patients and their caregivers. Depression of caregivers was a risk factor for depression and hospitalization of hemodialysis patients. Implementation of appropriate screening programs and specific interventions for depression of hemodialysis patients and their caregivers is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundRehabilitation is crucial for postoperative patients with low back pain (LBP). However, the implementation of traditional clinic-based programs is limited in developing countries, such as China, because of the maldistribution of medical resources. Mobile phone–based programs may be a potential substitute for those who have no access to traditional rehabilitation. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of mobile phone–based rehabilitation systems in patients who underwent lumbar spinal surgery. MethodsPatients who accepted spinal surgeries were recruited and randomized into 2 groups of rehabilitation treatments: (1) a mobile phone–based eHealth (electronic health) program (EH) or (2) usual care treatment (UC). The primary outcomes were (1) function and pain status assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and (2) the visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were (1) general mental health and (2) quality of life (Likert scales, EuroQol-5 Dimension health questionnaire, and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey). All the patients were assessed preoperatively and then at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. ResultsA total of 168 of the 863 eligible patients were included and randomized in this study. Our analysis showed that the improvement of primary outcomes in the EH group was superior to the UC group at 24 months postoperatively (ODI mean 7.02, SD 3.10, P

Abstract: Defects induced by ArF UV-laser irradiation in the soda-lime silicate glass were studied by means of optical spectrophotometric and electron spin resonance measurements. The UV-laser induced defects in glass showed similar behavior to the X-ray induced defects. The defects of nonbridging oxygen hole centers attributed to two absorption peaks at 431 and 627nm which were observed in the glass after the UV-laser radiation. The induced absorption increased when laser irradiation time or energy density increased. Our results demonstrated that the induced color in glass by UV-laser radiation could be bleached reversibly, which provides an alternative way to develop a recyclable colored glass. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in acidic media is an efficient and eco-friendly approach to produce inherently stable H 2 O 2 , but limited by the lack of selective and stable catalysts under industrial-relevant current densities. Herein, we report a diatomic cobalt catalyst for two-electron oxygen reduction to efficiently produce H 2 O 2 at 50-400 mA cm -2 in acid. Electrode kinetics study shows a >95% selectivity for two-electron oxygen reduction on the diatomic cobalt sites. In a flow cell device, a record-high production rate of 11.72 mol g cat -1 h -1 and exceptional long-term stability (100 h) are realized under high current densities. In situ spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations reveal that introducing a second metal into the coordination sphere of the cobalt site can optimize the binding strength of key H 2 O 2 intermediates due to the downshifted d-band center of cobalt. We also demonstrate the feasibility of processing municipal plastic wastes through decentralized H 2 O 2 production.

The type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), like all retroviruses, contains two copies of the RNA genome as a dimer. A dimer initially forms via a self-complementary sequence in the dimer initiation site (DIS) of the genomic RNA, but that dimer is converted to a mature dimer in a process generally promoted by the viral nucleocapsid (NC) protein. Formation of the mature dimer is correlated with infectivity. Study of genomic dimerization has been facilitated by discovery of short RNA transcripts containing the DIS stem-loop 1 (SL1), which can dimerize spontaneously without any protein factors in vitro as well as via the NC protein. On the basis of the palindromic nature of the apical loop of SL1, a kissing loop model has been proposed. First, a metastable kissing dimer is formed via a loop-loop interaction and then converted into a more stable extended dimer by the NC protein. This dimerization process in vitro is believed to mimic the in vivo RNA maturation. During experimental screening of potential inhibitors, we discovered a small molecule, Lys-Ala-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (KA-AMC), which facilitates the in vitro conversion from kissing dimer to extended dimer. Here we report the structure-activity relationship for KA-AMC for promoting dimer maturation. Guanidino groups and increasing positive charge on the side chain enhance activity. For activity, the charged side chain is preferred on the benzene ring, and O 1 in the coumarin scaffold is essential. NMR studies show that the coumarin derivatives stack with aromatic bases of the RNA. The coumarin derivatives may aid in the investigation of some aspects of dimer maturation and serve as a scaffold for design of maturation inhibitors or of activators of premature maturation, either of which can lead to a potential HIV therapeutic.