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Objective·To investigate the current situation and distribution characteristics of chronic comorbidities, and to provide reference for further improving the self-management of comorbidities and implementing the whole course and all-round management of comorbidity.Methods·Two thousand and forty-five inpatients in the Department of Geriatrics,Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were enrolled in this study from December 2020 to February 2023. The general vital signs, routine laboratory examination and disease status were collected. The epidemiological distribution characteristics of chronic diseases and comorbidities were analyzed.Results·The incidence of chronic diseases in the surveyed population was 99.6%, and the incidence of comorbidities was 94.2%. The top 5 chronic diseases were hypertension (43.68%), diabetes mellitus (24.81%), malignant tumor (21.48%), hyperlipidemia (18.38%) and coronary heart disease (11.99%). The detection rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stoke and chronic kidney disease in males were significantly higher than those in females (P

Objective·To explore the correlation between comorbidities of chronic non-communicable diseases (chronic diseases), phase angle (PhA), and muscle mass decline associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, and the predictive value of chronic disease comorbidities and PhA in muscle mass decline in the elderly.Methods·By retrospectively screening inpatients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to the Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 1, 2018 to July 31, 2019, basic information and medical history of the patients (gender, age, number of medications used, number of comorbidities, presence of osteoporosis, smoking history, etc.) were collected, as well as laboratory examination indicators (hemoglobin, albumin, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, ferritin, vitamin D, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, etc.). The age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (aCCI) was calculated. The InBody S10 bioelectrical impedance body composition detector was used to test the body composition. Body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and PhA were collected. Some patients underwent measurement of grip strength. Muscle mass decline was diagnosed by using the SMI values recommended by the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) (≤7.0 kg/m2 for males and ≤5.7 kg/m2 for females). According to the measured SMI values, patients were divided into a group with normal muscle mass and a group with muscle mass decline. Univariate and multivariate Logistic analyses were employed to investigate the risk factors associated with muscle mass decline related to sarcopenia in the elderly. Additionally, the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve were utilized to predict the significance of these factors in muscle mass decline.Results·A total of 359 chronic disease patients were enrolled, including 226 males and 133 females. There were 241 cases in the normal muscle mass group and 118 cases in the muscle mass decline group. The incidence of muscle mass decline related to sarcopenia in the elderly was 32.9%. The univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.036, 95%CI 1.013‒1.060), comorbidities (OR=1.117, 95%CI 1.025‒1.217), aCCI (OR=1.123, 95%CI 1.031‒1.222), and high-density lipoprotein (OR=3.688, 95%CI 2.065‒6.622) were positively correlated with the risk of muscle mass decline in the elderly. BMI (OR=0.514, 95%CI 0.443‒0.597), PhA (OR=0.195, 95%CI 0.126‒0.303), hemoglobin (OR=0.984, 95%CI 0.972‒0.996) and triacylglycerol (OR=0.606, 95%CI 0.424‒0.866) were negatively correlated with the risk of muscle mass decline in the elderly. Multivariate Logistic regression model indicated that PhA (OR=0.338, 95%CI 0.119‒0.959) and BMI (OR=0.634, 95%CI 0.476‒0.844) were negatively correlated with the risk of muscle mass decline in elderly. The area under the ROC curve for predicting muscle mass decline related to sarcopenia in elderly by using BMI and PhA was 0.893 (95%CI 0.855‒0.931) and 0.786 (95%CI 0.736‒0.837), respectively. The sensitivity was 0.724 and 0.676, respectively. The specificity was 0.916 and 0.762, respectively. When BMI combined with PhA predicted muscle mass decline in the elderly, the area under the ROC curve was 0.917 (95%CI 0.883‒0.951). The sensitivity was 0.867, and the specificity was 0.860.Conclusion·aCCI is correlated with muscle mass decline associated with sarcopenia in the elderly. As BMI and PhA decrease, the risk of muscle mass decline in the elderly increases. The combination of BMI and PhA has a high predictive value in muscle mass decline in the elderly.No predictive value of chronic diseases comorbidities in muscle mass decline related to sarcopenia in the elderly is found.

Swallowing is a complex neuromuscular activity regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Millions of adults suffer from dysphagia (impaired or difficulty swallowing), including patients with neurological disorders, head and neck cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, and respiratory disorders. Therapeutic treatments for dysphagia include interventions by speech-language pathologists designed to improve the physiology of the swallowing mechanism by training patients to initiate swallows with sufficient frequency and during the expiratory phase of the breathing cycle. These therapeutic treatments require bulky, expensive equipment to synchronously record swallows and respirations, confined to use in clinical settings. This paper introduces a wireless, wearable technology that enables continuous, mechanoacoustic tracking of respiratory activities and swallows through movements and vibratory processes monitored at the skin surface. Validation studies in healthy adults (n = 67) and patients with dysphagia (n = 4) establish measurement equivalency to existing clinical standard equipment. Additional studies using a differential mode of operation reveal similar performance even during routine daily activities and vigorous exercise. A graphical user interface with real-time data analytics and a separate, optional wireless module support both visual and haptic forms of feedback to facilitate the treatment of patients with dysphagia.

To design an online real-time transmission tool of irst-person perspective information. This information transmission tool is designed to help medical staff monitor the patient's condition changes and respond quickly, ensuring the patient's life safety. (本研究设计一种第一视角信息在线实时传输工具, 旨在方便医务人员第一时间监测到患者的病情变化趋势并迅速做出反应, 保障患者的生命安全。)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in clinical care and medical research. The signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the measurement affects parameters that determine the diagnostic value of the image, such as the spatial resolution, contrast, and scan time. Surgically implanted radiofrequency coils can increase SNR of subsequent MRI studies of adjacent tissues. The resulting benefits in SNR are, however, balanced by significant risks associated with surgically removing these coils or with leaving them in place permanently. As an alternative, here the authors report classes of implantable inductor–capacitor circuits made entirely of bioresorbable organic and inorganic materials. Engineering choices for the designs of an inductor and a capacitor provide the ability to select the resonant frequency of the devices to meet MRI specifications (e.g., 200 MHz at 4.7 T MRI). Such devices enhance the SNR and improve the associated imaging capabilities. These simple, small bioelectronic systems function over clinically relevant time frames (up to 1 month) at physiological conditions and then disappear completely by natural mechanisms of bioresorption, thereby eliminating the need for surgical extraction. Imaging demonstrations in a nerve phantom and a human cadaver suggest that this technology has broad potential for post‐surgical monitoring/evaluation of recovery processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing nations typically prioritize economic growth. Thus, industrial technological progress frequently leads to production expansion and subsequent environmental degradation. This paper, however, proposes that in a dual agricultural economy, the progress in industrial production technology does not necessarily degrade the environment when considering technology spillover. Utilizing a general equilibrium model, we conclude that, at the beginning of modern agricultural development, increasing technology spillover rate adversely affects the environment and social welfare. Yet, after the popularization of modern agriculture, increasing this rate can enhance environmental and welfare conditions. Under specific conditions, industrial technological progress might promote environmental and welfare benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) is expressed in normal adipose tissue and related to some pleiotropic metabolic regulators. However, the exact role and mechanism of FAP in obesity and related metabolic disorders are not well understood. Methods: FAP knockout mice were fed a normal diet or a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. FAP knockout mice or wild‐type mice treated with an FAP inhibitor were subjected to cold stress for 5 days. Results: FAP deficiency protected mice against HFD‐induced obesity and obesity‐associated metabolic dysfunction, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Notably, FAP deficiency largely reversed obesity‐induced adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and M1‐M2 imbalance in white adipose tissue (WAT). Moreover, energy expenditure was significantly higher in FAP‐deficient mice fed an HFD. Both FAP deficiency and inhibition increased cold tolerance through enhancing WAT beiging. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that FAP deficiency protects mice against diet‐induced obesity and related metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, the protective effects are probably mediated via the promotion of WAT beiging and suppression of inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]