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Lithium plating can cause capacity fade and thermal runaway safety issues in lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, accurately detecting the amount of lithium plating on the surface of the battery's negative electrode is crucial for battery safety. This is especially crucial in high-energy-density applications such as battery energy storage systems or in electric vehicles (EVs). Early detection of lithium plating is crucial for evaluation of reliability and longevity. It also serves as a method for early diagnostics in practical industrial applications or infrastructure, such as EV transportation. This can enhance its impact on customers. This study validates the effectiveness of titration gas chromatography (TGC) technology in quantitatively detecting lithium plating on graphite negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. The results show that it can detect a minimum of 2.4 μmol of metallic lithium. Compared with the heating direct current resistance and reference electrode methods, which can be used to perform only qualitative dendrite detection, TGC has a wider range of detection. Compared with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method with higher quantitative detection accuracy, the maximum difference between the detection results of the two methods was only 7.2%, but the TGC method had lower cost and higher implementation convenience. In summary, among various dendrite detection methods, the TGC method can not only realize the effective quantitative detection of lithium plating, but also comprehensively consider its detection range, implementation convenience, cost, and detection accuracy, indicating that it is suitable for engineering applications and has the prospect of realizing large-scale quantitative detection of lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overall performance of lithium-ion battery is determined by the innovation of material and structure of the battery, while it is significantly dependent on the progress of the electrode manufacturing process and relevant equipment and technology. Battery manufacturers have been generally employing the exhaustive method for the trials of the electrode process development that pertains to different systems, and the process simulation technology still has a large space for development. To comply with the development trend of high-quality battery manufacturing and digital intelligent upgrading industry, the existing research status of process simulation for electrode manufacturing is systematically summarized in this paper from the perspectives of macro battery manufacturing equipment and micro battery electrode structure. Moreover, the mechanism research, structural development, and application prospect of the respective process simulation technology are analyzed. The limitations of existing research and future development trends are further highlighted to provide theoretical reference for optimizing the manufacturing process and enhancing the comprehensive performance of lithium-ion batteries. [Display omitted] • Systematic review of lithium-ion battery electrode process simulation. • Analyzing simulation techniques, revealing mechanisms, evolution, applications. • Critically reviewing research limits, providing insightful projections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Polymorphisms in XPG were considered to contribute to the clinical outcome of patients receiving platinum drug chemotherapy. We investigated the impact of several potential SNPs of XPG on the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Methodology: A total of 433 patients were consecutively selected between Nov. 2006 and Dec. 2007, and were followed-up up to Nov. 2011. The genotyping of six SNPs (rs2296147, rs751402, rs873601, rs4150375, rs17655 and rs2094258) were genotyped using the Taqman real-time PCR method with a 7900 HT sequence detector system. Results: Patients carrying CT+TT genotype of rs2296147 had a significantly longer median PFS (17.5 months) and OS (26.8 months) than CC genotype. Hazard ratio (HR) for PFS and OS in patients with CT+TT genotype of rs2296147 was respectively 0.73(0.51-0.97) and 0.66(0.48-0.99) when compare CC genotype, respectively. Similarly, patients with rs2094258 AG+GG genotype had a longer median progression time (18.4 months) and overall survival time (27.3 months) when compared with those with AA genotype, and HRs(95% CI) for PFS and OS were 0.44(0.34-0.78) and 0.51(0.39-0.82), respectively. Conclusions: Our study suggests rs2296147 CT+TT and rs2094258 AG+GG genotypes contribute to the better survival of NSCLC. Our study provides significant information on role of prognostic value of XPG SNPs, and detecting of XPG could be used as predictive markers toward individualizing NSCLC treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To perform a dosimetric evaluation of four different simultaneous integrated boost whole brain radiotherapy modalities with hippocampus and inner ear avoidance in the treatment of limited brain metastases.Methods: Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging data of 10 patients with limited (1-5) brain metastases were used to replan step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy (sIMRT), dynamic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (dIMRT), volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and helical tomotherapy (Tomo). The prescribed doses of 40-50 Gy in 10 fractions and 30 Gy in 10 fractions were simultaneously delivered to the metastatic lesions and the whole-brain volume, respectively. The hippocampal dose met the RTOG 0933 criteria for hippocampal avoidance (Dmax ≤17 Gy, D100% ≤10 Gy). The inner ear dose was restrained to Dmean ≤15 Gy. Target coverage (TC), homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), maximum dose (Dmax), minimum dose (Dmin) and dose to organs at risk (OARs) were compared.Results: All plans met the indicated dose restrictions. The mean percentage of planning target volume of metastases (PTVmets) coverage ranged from 97.1 to 99.4%. For planning target volume of brain (PTVbrain), Tomo provided the lowest average D2% (37.5 ± 2.8 Gy), the highest average D98% (25.2 ± 2.0 Gy), and the best TC (92.6% ± 2.1%) and CI (0.79 ± 0.06). The two fixed gantry IMRT modalities (step and shot, dynamic) provided similar PTVbrain dose homogeneity (both 0.76). Significant differences across the four approaches were observed for the maximum and minimum doses to the hippocampus and the maximum doses to the eyes, lens and optic nerves.Conclusion: All four radiotherapy modalities produced acceptable treatment plans with good avoidance of the hippocampus and inner ear. Tomo obtained satisfactory PTVbrain coverage and the best homogeneity index.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03414944 . Registered 29 January 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]