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4. The effects on polyetheretherketone and polyethersulfone of electron and gamma irradiation

Author

Li, H.M., Fouracre, A., Given, M.J., Banford, H.M., Wysocki, S., and Karolczak, S.

Subjects
Ionizing radiation -- Research, Polyethersulphones -- Research, Polyetheretherketone -- Research, Phosphorescence -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

In this study, the effects of ionizing radiation on the aromatic polymers polyethersulfone (PES) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were investigated, UV light, [Gamma] rays and a high-energy electron beam were used as radiation sources. A range of techniques has been utilized to investigate changes in PES and PEEK as a result of exposure to these sources, electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements showed the creation of radicals in PES by UV or [Gamma] radiation. These radicals decayed, but some were still present 24 h after irradiation at room temperature. In PEEK, radicals were formed as a result of UV at room temperature and by UV or [Gamma] irradiation at 77 K. After irradiation at room temperature, these radicals decayed totally within 24 h. UV-visible absorption measurements of PES samples showed a dose related change at the absorption edge; no such change was observed for PEEK. Phosphorescence after [Gamma] irradiation increased in intensity for PES at low temperature but decreased at higher temperatures. For PEEK, no such changes were observed after irradiation. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements showed changes in the crystallization, glass transition and melt-point temperatures of both PES and PEEK after electron irradiation. Electrical changes induced by irradiation were investigated using thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) and low frequency dielectric responses, derived from transient current (TC) measurements. Dielectric changes were observed for PES exposed to either [Gamma] rays or an electron beam. For PEEK only minor changes in the TSDC spectrum were observed after exposure to [Gamma] radiation. More significant changes were observed after exposure to the electron beam. Correlations were found between the production of radicals and the changes in the structural and electrical properties of the materials. Since significant changes were observed in the dielectric spectra of PEEK and PES at low frequencies, dielectric spectroscopy may provide a measure of aging in both insulation systems.

Published
1999

15. Hepatologie III

Author

Sieg, A., Metz, W., Stiehl, A., Raedsch, R., Wysocki, S., Kommerell, B., Jüngst, D., Jakob, W., Bauch, M., Buscher, H.-P., Köllinger, M., Wietholtz, H., Maurer, P., Gerok, W., Kurtz, W., Leuschner, U., Schneider, S., Classen, M., Balzer, K., Breuer, N., Goebell, H., Freundlieb, O., Strötges, M. W., Miehlke, Klaus, editor, and Bergmann, J. F.

Published
1984
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17. Hospitalismus und Antibioticamißbrauch

Author

Wysocki, S., Oellers, B., Allgöwer, M., editor, Bauer, K. H., editor, Block, W., editor, Derra, E., editor, Frey, E. K., editor, Junghanns, H., editor, Linder, F., editor, Trede, M., editor, and Zenker, R., editor

Published
1974
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21. Verification of Transient RIC in Polyethylene using Numerical Methods

Author

Hodyr, K and Wysocki, S.

Subjects
Radiation chemistry -- Research, Electrical conductivity -- Research, Pulse modulation (Electronics) -- Research, Polyethylene -- Testing, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Current transients in radiation induced conductivity (RIC) of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) exposed to 17 ns bremsstrahlung pulses were studied. Three models of the RIC relaxation, to 30 [micro]s after the pulse, have been tested numerically. Strong influence of the measuring circuit on the experimental results was taken into consideration. Verification shows that the RIC relaxation immediately after the excitation consists of the combination of at least two exponential components with markedly different relaxation times. This supports our thesis, that the charge transport in LDPE during the 30 [micro]s period after the RIC excitation by means of bremsstrahlung is occurring in the conduction band as a shallow-trap-limited, nondispersive current.

Published
2000

23. Zusammensetzung von Gallenblasen- und Gallengangssteinen

Author

A. Stiehl, Burkhard Kommerell, A. Sieg, Wysocki S, Metz W, R. Raedsch, and Kohlmeier M

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Bile duct, Cholesterol, Gallbladder, medicine.medical_treatment, General Medicine, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Internal medicine, Medicine, Cholecystectomy, business, Monooctanoin
Abstract

The composition of gallbladder and bile duct stones removed at the time of cholecystectomy was analysed in a consecutive series of 45 patients. The type of stones at the two sites was similar in all but two patients. Cholesterol content differed by more than 20% in only six patients. Cholesterol stones were found in the gallbladder of 33 patients, in the bile duct of 36 patients (73 and 80%, respectively); mixed stones in eight and five patients, respectively (18 and 11%); brown-pigment stones in three patients each (7%); black-pigment stones in one patient each (2%). Bile duct stones overlooked during cholecystectomy are thus suitable for litholysis, e.g. by irrigation with monooctanoin, in the majority of cases.

Published
2008
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30. Wissenschaftlicher Teil

Author

Albert, P., Pake, C., Rotte, K., Reusch, K., Schulz, K. -D., Zippel, H. H., Doppelfeld, E., Kaiser, R., Albrecht, M., Trams, G., Kleinkauf-Houken, A., Thomsen, K., Kaufmann, M., Drings, P., Queißer, W., Lochbühler, H., Kubli, F., v. Fournier, D., Sievers, H., Wöllgens, P., Nedden, R., Nessler, A., Pfuhl, P. J., Thüre, D., Kuttig, H., Wysocki, S., Heep, J., Blobel, R., Abel, U., Kaufmann, M., Kubli, F., Brunnert, K., v. Fournier, D., Lammers, G., Gammert, D., Abel, U., Audretsch, W., Erdmann, H., zippel, H. H., Crombach, G., Burrenkopf, E., Schmidt-Rhode, P., Schulz, K. -D., Nienhaus, H., Holzgreve, W., Beller, F. K., Klöck, F. -K., Rotthaus, H., Timmermann, J., Audretsch, W., Erdmann, H., Leipoldt, M., Ludovico, M., Bauer, M., von Fournier, D., Kubli, F., zum Winkel, K., Späh, O., Müller, A., Schöndorf, N. K., Gräber, St., Eckel, H., Volk, M., Scheuffele, J., Rossbach, G., Bastert, G., Naujoks, H., Kühn, W., v. Fournier, D., Leppien, G., Müller, A., Rummel, H. H., Dick, G., Koenig, U. D., Erdman, S., Koldovský, U., Hilkens, J., Bender, H. G., v. Matthiessen, H., Hilgers, J., Spielmann, M., Kitschke, H. -J., Tietje, K., Meier, W., Reusch, K., Zippel, H. H., Schulz, K. -D., Würz, H., Kaiser, R., Fuchs, A., Geyer, H., Wittliff, J. L., Pfleiderer, A., Michel, R. -T., Bastert, G., Fortmeyer, H. P., Stegmüller, M., Schmidt-Matthiesen, H., Lapp, C., Bastert, G., Alberts, D. S., Fortmeyer, H. P., Schmidt-Matthiesen, H., Ceschan, R., Fortmeyer, H. P., Bastert, G., Michel, R. -T., Schmidt-Matthiesen, H., Bastert, G., Michel, R. -T., Schmidt-Matthiesen, H., Goebel, R., v. Matthiessen, H., Caffier, H., Kleine, W., Jerabek, R., Daxenbichler, G., Marth, C., Callies, R., Röthig, A., Zeller, G. X., Walz, K. A., Heilmann, L., Kock, U., Simon, W. E., Albrecht, M., Hölzel, F., von Maillot, K., Süssenbach, J., Caffier, H., Albrecht, M., Simon, W. E., Hölzel, F., Ochs, U., Wolnik, L., Eulenburg, R., Schulz, K. -D., Janisch, C. -P., Friedland, R., Knapstein, P. -G., Heberling, D., Wurster, K., Grewe, M., Rieth, J., Rummel, H. H., Schulz, K. -D., Bastert, G., Caffier, H., Zander, J., Pichlmayr, I., Pohl, S., Steude, U., Hirsch, H. A., Klein, H. O., Hettenbach, A., Wiest, W., Kupka, K., Böhme, K., Lohmann, H. U., Behrendt, H., Homann, W., Heilmann, L., Schmidt, E. H., Stening, C., Beller, F. K., Bender, H. G., Beck, L., Eulenburg, R., Ochs, U., Wolnik, L., Schulz, K. -D., Henschler, D., Kreienberg, R., Melchert, F., Feige, A., Rose, E., Haubitz, I., Albert, P., Gille, J., Burkert, W., Hilfrich, J., Weitzel, H. K., Majewski, A., Horner, G., Caffier, H., Brandau, H., Schmidt-Rhode, P., Schulz, K. -D., Wolnik, L., Würz, H., Sturm, G., Melchert, F., Kreienberg, R., Crombach, G., Würz, H., Schmidt-Rhode, P., Zippel, H. H., Werner, A., Matzanke, L., Seegert, B., Schuster, E., Wellmann, H., Krebs, D., Bichler, A., Fuchs, D., Hausen, A., Hetzel, H., Reibnegger, G., Wachter, H., Nauth, H. F., Herzog, R. E., Kleine, W., Stange, S., Dagy, D., Ladner, H. -A., Hillemanns, H. G., Bauknecht, T., Meerpohl, H. G., and Bauknecht, T

Published
1983
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