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Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray (2022), Montreal, Jul 17-22, 2022.--Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering vol. 12181 Article number 1218126.-- Full list of authors: Amati, Lorenzo; Labanti, Claudio; Mereghetti, Sandro; Frontera, Filippo; Campana, Riccardo; Auricchio, Natalia; Baldazzi, Giuseppe; Bellutti, Pierluigi; Bertuccio, Giuseppe; Branchesi, Marica; Butler, Reginald C.; Caballero-Garcia, Maria D.; Camisasca, Anna E.; Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.; Cavazzini, Leo; Ciolfi, Riccardo; De Rosa, Adriano; Evangelisti, Federico; Farinelli, Ruben; Ferro, Lisa; Ficorella, Francesco; Fiorini, Mauro; Fuschino, Fabio; Gasent-Blesa, Jose L.; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo; Grassi, Marco; Guidorzi, Cristiano; Hedderman, Paul; Kuvvetli, Irfan; La Rosa, Giovanni; Lorenzi, Paolo; Malcovati, Piero; Marchesini, Ezequiel; Marisaldi, Martino; Melchiorri, Michele; Mele, Filippo; Mikhalska, Malgorzata; Orlandini, Mauro; Orleanski, Piotr; Pedersen, Soren M.; Pizzolla, Raffaele; Rachevski, Alexandre; Rashevskaya, Irina; Rosati, Piero; Reglero, Victor; Ronchini, Samuele; Santangelo, Andrea; Salvaterra, Ruben; Sarra, Paolo; Sortino, Francesca; Sottile, Giuseppe; Stratta, Giulia; Squerzanti, Stefano; Stephen, John B.; Tenzer, Chris; Terenzi, Luca; Trois, Alessio; Vacchi, Andrea; Virgilli, Enrico; Volpe, Angela; Winkler, Marek; Zampa, Gianluigi; Zampa, Nicola; Zdziarski, Andrzej, We describe the science case, design and expected performances of the X/Gamma-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS), a GRB and transients monitor developed and studied for the THESEUS mission project, capable of covering an exceptionally wide energy band (2 keV – 10 MeV), with imaging capabilities and location accuracy, With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709

Full list of authors: Amati, L.; O'Brien, P. T.; Götz, D.; Bozzo, E.; Santangelo, A.; Tanvir, N. ; Frontera, F.; Mereghetti, S.; Osborne, J. P.; Blain, A.; Basa, S.; Branchesi, M.; Burderi, L.; Caballero-García, M.; Castro-Tirado, A. J.; Christensen, L.; Ciolfi, R.; De Rosa, A.; Doroshenko, V.; Ferrara, A.; Ghirlanda, G.; Hanlon, L.; Heddermann, P.; Hutchinson, I.; Labanti, C.; Le Floch, E.; Lerman, H.; Paltani, S.; Reglero, V.; Rezzolla, L.; Rosati, P.; Salvaterra, R.; Stratta, G.; Tenzer, C.; Theseus Consortium.--This Open Access article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/., THESEUS, one of the two space mission concepts being studied by ESA as candidates for next M5 mission within its Comsic Vision programme, aims at fully exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) to solve key questions about the early Universe, as well as becoming a cornerstone of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. By investigating the first billion years of the Universe through high-redshift GRBs, THESEUS will shed light on the main open issues in modern cosmology, such as the population of primordial low mass and luminosity galaxies, sources and evolution of cosmic re-ionization, SFR and metallicity evolution up to the “cosmic dawn” and across Pop-III stars. At the same time, the mission will provide a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics by enabling the identification, accurate localisation and study of electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational waves and neutrinos, which will be routinely detected in the late ‘20s and early ‘30s by the second and third generation Gravitational Wave (GW) interferometers and future neutrino detectors, as well as of all kinds of GRBs and most classes of other X/gamma-ray transient sources. Under all these respects, THESEUS will provide great synergies with future large observing facilities in the multi-messenger domain. A Guest Observer programme, comprising Target of Opportunity (ToO) observations, will expand the science return of the mission, to include, e.g., solar system minor bodies, exoplanets, and AGN. © 2021, The Author(s)., The authors, on behalf of the entire THESEUS consortium, are grateful to the ESA-appointed THESEUS Study Scientist Matteo Guainazzi, as well as the entire ESA Study Team for all their work and support across the mission assessment phase (2018-2021). Authors from the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) are grateful for the support received through the agreement ASI-INAF n. 2n. 2018-29-HH.0. Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica within the CRUI-CARE Agreement., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.

The Transient High-Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS) is a mission concept developed in the last years by a large European consortium, with interest in prospective participation by research groups in USA and other non-European countries. As detailed in Amati et al. 2017 (arXiv:1710.04638) and Stratta et al. 2017 (arXiv:1712.08153), THESEUS aims at exploiting high-redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts for getting unique clues on the early Universe and, being an unprecedentedly powerful machine for the detection, accurate location and redshift determination of all types of GRBs (long, short, high-z, under-luminous, ultra-long) and many other classes of transient sources and phenomena, at providing a substantial contribution to multi-messenger astrophysics and time-domain astronomy. Under these respects, THESEUS will show a beautiful synergy with the large observing facilities of the future, like E-ELT, TMT, SKA, CTA, ATHENA, in the electromagnetic domain, as well as with next-generation gravitational-waves and neutrino detectors, thus enhancing importantly their scientific return. Moreover, it will also operate as a flexible IR and X-ray observatory, thus providing an even larger involvement of the scientific community, as is currently the case for the Swift mission. In order to further explore the magnificent prospective science of the mission, the THESEUS consortium organized a Workshop in Naples on October 5-6 2017. The programme included about 50 reviews and talks from worldwide recognized experts of the fields. The topics ranged from the description of the mission concept, instrumentation and technologies to the main, additional and observatory science, further showing the strong impact that THESEUS observations would have on several fields of astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics., Comment: To be published in the Proceedings of the THESEUS Workshop 2017 (http://www.isdc.unige.ch/theseus/workshop2017.html), Journal of the Italian Astronomical Society (Mem.SAIt), Editors L. Amati, E. Bozzo, M. Della Valle, D. Gotz, P. O'Brien. Details on the THESEUS mission concept can be found in the white paper Amati et al. 2017 (arXiv:171004638) and Stratta et al. 2017 (arXiv:1712.08153)

Accepted: 2006-08-22, 資料番号: SA1000355000

We observed the Rapid Burster in quiescence and detected a significant X-ray flux for the first time. Neither a type-I nor type-II burst was observed during the observation. The luminosity was estimated to be (3(+2}_{-1) )times 10(33) erg s(-1) ( 2--10 keV), assuming a power-law with a photon index of 2 and a distance of 10 kpc. This luminosity is comparable to that of neutron-star transients in quiescence. If mass accretion is responsible for the X-ray emission, we can constrain the magnetic-field strength and spin period of the neutron star. A highly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star may be excluded.

Lobster-ISS is an X-ray all-sky monitor experiment selected by ESA two years ago for a Phase A study (now almost completed) for a future flight (2009) aboard the Columbus Exposed Payload Facility of the International Space Station. The main instrument, based on MCP optics with Lobster-eye geometry, has an energy passband from 0.1 to 3.5 keV, an unprecedented daily sensitivity of 2x10^{-12} erg cm^{-2}s$^{-1}, and it is capable to scan, during each orbit, the entire sky with an angular resolution of 4--6 arcmin. This X-ray telescope is flanked by a Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, with the minimum requirement of recognizing true GRBs from other transient events. In this paper we describe the GRBM. In addition to the minimum requirement, the instrument proposed is capable to roughly localize GRBs which occur in the Lobster FOV (162x22.5 degrees) and to significantly extend the scientific capabilities of the main instrument for the study of GRBs and X-ray transients. The combination of the two instruments will allow an unprecedented spectral coverage (from 0.1 up to 300/700 keV) for a sensitive study of the GRB prompt emission in the passband where GRBs and X-Ray Flashes emit most of their energy. The low-energy spectral band (0.1-10 keV) is of key importance for the study of the GRB environment and the search of transient absorption and emission features from GRBs, both goals being crucial for unveiling the GRB phenomenon. The entire energy band of Lobster-ISS is not covered by either the Swift satellite or other GRB missions foreseen in the next decade., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Paper presented at the COSPAR 2004 General Assembly (Paris), accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research in June 2005 and available on-line at the Journal site (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02731177), section "Articles in press"