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Ciprofol is a newly developed intravenous sedative-hypnotic drug. The objective of the study was to prove whether ciprofol was non-inferior to propofol for the successful induction of general anesthesia. The ideal post-induction sedation level was assessed by comparing patients' clinical symptoms and their hemodynamic effects in responding to noxious stimuli, mostly tracheal intubation and bispectral index (BIS) alterations following ciprofol/propofol administration.In this multi-center, randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial, selective surgery patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either ciprofol 0.4 mg/kg (n = 88) or propofol 2.0 mg/kg (n = 88) groups. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with successful anesthesia inductions. Secondary endpoints included the times to successful induction of general anesthesia and loss of the eyelash reflex, changes in BIS, as well as safety indicators.The anesthesia induction success rates for both ciprofol 0.4 mg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg groups were 100.0%, with a 95% CI lower success limit of -4.18% difference between the two groups, indicating that ciprofol was non-inferior to propofol. For secondary outcomes, the average time to successful anesthesia and loss of the eyelash reflex were 0.91 min and 0.80 min for ciprofol and 0.80 min and 0.71 min for propofol, respectively. The pattern of BIS changes with ciprofol was similar to propofol and stable during the anesthesia maintenance period. Safety was comparable with 88.6% TEAEs in the ciprofol group compared to 95.5% in the propofol group. The incidence of injection pain was significantly lower in the ciprofol group compared to the propofol group (6.8% vs. 20.5%, p0.05). In addition, the patients treated with ciprofol had a lesser increase in blood pressure and heart rate, and fewer cases with BIS60 within 15 min of intravenous administration, which indicated that ciprofol may provide a better ideal sedation level during the post-induction period under an equivalent dosing regimen to propofol.Ciprofol for patients undergoing selective surgery is a new option for the induction of general anesthesia.

Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are a common and highly prevalent disease in the population, which can develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe cases.A large variety of microorganisms can cause RTI, including bacteria, respiratory viruses, and fungi. The timely and accurate detection of these pathogens is the prerequisites of effective treatment of RTI. However, more than 50% of RTI patients failed to diagnosis of causative agents due to unavailability of qualified samples, antimicrobial treatment prior to sample collection, high variety of respiratory pathogens, and influence of the normal flora in respiratory tract. In recent years, progress on molecular diagnosis, especially the novel approaches such as clinical metagenomics and CRSIPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), has not only improved our capacity for RTI pathogen detection but also brought new challenges. In this review, we summed up the advances in RTI pathogen diagnosis in 2021 and discussed the clinical benefits and challenges from novel approaches, which provided a clinical perspective on the development and application of these diagnostic tools in the real world.呼吸道感染是人群的常见和高发疾病，严重时可发展为ARDS。各类病原微生物如细菌、真菌、病毒，均可引起呼吸道感染，快速准确的病原检测是实现呼吸道感染疾病有效诊治的关键，但超过50%的患者未能诊断出明确的致病微生物。近年来，以临床宏基因组学、CRISPR（成簇规律间隔的短回文重复序列）为代表的新型检测技术在病原诊断领域取得了迅速发展，在提高病原检出率的同时，也带来了新的挑战。本文综述了过去1年来呼吸道感染病原诊断领域的进展和成果，为呼吸道感染的病原诊断提供临床视角的思考。.

The transport of sugar is essential for plant growth and development, tightly correlated with crop productivity and quality. SWEET (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) is a family of sugar effluxer first reported a decade ago, whose significance has been reported in a dozen of plant species. Strawberry is an important crop developing striking fruits. Up to date, the involvement of SWEETs in strawberry is completely elusive. Current work focuses on the genome-wide identification of SWEET transporter coding genes in diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and the expression analysis of octoploid strawberry (F. × ananassa) SWEET homoeologs in different vegetative and reproductive organs. A total of 20 candidate SWEET loci were identified in Fragaria vesca V4 genome via a local blast using the MtN3_slv motif (PF03083) against the protein database of FvH4.0.a2 version. Phylogenetic analysis indicated this family falling into four clades. These genes are distributed in all seven chromosomes except for Fvb1, and most members contain six exons divided by five introns, coding a protein with 235 to 310 aa and around 7 transmembrane helices. The spatio-temporal expression profiles of SWEET genes in different parts of fruit (cortex, pith and achenes) of cv. Benihoppe were explored and a set of candidate SWEET genes invoved in sugar transport in strawberry fruits were identified, such as FvSWEET1, -2a, -7, -9a, -9c, -10, and -11. Our results provide a good foundation for further functional investigation of SWEETs in strawberry fruit quality formation and other developmental processes as well as responses to pathogens and abiotic stresses. The information of SWEETs in strawberry also has a reference value for other Rosaceae plants.

Making use of the steam heat storage in thermal generators enables them to operate in a "fast mode" to ramp up or down faster than regular, so as to better catch up with the fluctuations of wind power to improve system wind utilization. In such fast mode, generators have output dependent ramp rates and, distinguished from regular units, output and ramp rate dependent coal consumption costs. These fast generators cannot be properly described by using existing economic dispatch models, where generators usually have output dependent cost functions and constant ramp rate limits. This paper presents a new formulation and solution methodology of dynamic economic dispatch for wind-thermal power systems, to take into account ramping capabilities and costs of generators in their fast mode. In our model, the objective is to minimize a two-variable quadratic generator cost function depending on both output levels and ramp rates, and generator ramp rate limits are output dependent piece-wise linear functions. The model is solved by using existing quadratic programming methods, and is demonstrated by using numerical examples on the IEEE 30-bus system containing two 600MW thermal units with practical data. Results show that by using our model, unit ramping capabilities are better utilized in system dispatch to substantially save curtailed wind energy, and total generator costs are reduced.

Nutrient, chlorophyll and caloric dynamics of the mature and senescent leaves of Phyllostachys pubescens were studied in Yongchun County, Fujian, China, from April 2002 to March 2003. There were notable seasonal variations in nutrient concentrations in the mature and senescent leaves. Mature leaves had significantly higher N, P and K concentrations than senescent leaves, while senescent leaves had higher Ca concentration and Mg concentration changed little during senescence. Resorption efficiencies on leaf area basis of N, P and K were positive, and those of Ca and Mg were negative, suggesting that with leaf senescence, N, P and K were translocated out of senescing leaves to other parts of plant, while Ca and Mg accumulated in senescing leaves. Seasonal changes in Chl a, Chl b and total chlorophyll were curvilinear in style, with Chl a making up the major portion of total chlorophyll. Chl a increased substantially in winter in mature leaves only, reflecting that the photosynthetic apparatus of mature leaves adapted to changes in the environment (i.e., temperature), whilst senescent leaves were less sensitive to environmental changes. Chlorophyll content decreased but the Chl a/Chl b ratio increased during leaf senescence. Ph. pubescens leaves had relatively high ash contents, with 10.29 ± 2.59% for mature leaves and 10.82 ± 2.63% for senescent leaves respectively. There was an increasing trend (P = 0.0199) in the ash content during leaf senescence, showing that Ph. pubescens leaves possibly possessed the mechanism to maintain the nutrition balance. Gross caloric value and ash free caloric value remained almost constant during leaf senescence (P > 0.05), demonstrating that energy was not lost with leaf senescence.

In the present investigation, antagonistic action of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) against morphine on the electrical and contractile activity of rat jejunum in vitro was studied. The results showed that the potentiation of acetylcholine (ACh) on both the burst of spike and the contractility were inhibited by morphine, which could be completely antagonized by CCK-8. The CCK-8 effect, again, could be suppressed by CCK-A receptor antagonist devazepide (10 nmol/L), but partially by CCK-B receptor antagonist L-365, 260 at 10 nmol/L or completely at concentration of 30 nmol/L. The above results demonstrated that the antagonism of CCK-8 on morphine was mediated by both CCK-A and CCK-B receptors.

The location of origins of DNA replication within the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome is primarily determined by the origin recognition complex (ORC) interacting with specific DNA sequences. The analogous situation in vertebrate cells is far less clear, although ORC subunits have been identified in several vertebrate organisms including Xenopus laevis. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against Xenopus Orc1p and used for single-step immunoaffinity purification of the entire ORC from an egg extract. Six polypeptides ( approximately 110, 68, 64, 48, 43, and 27 kDa) copurified with Xenopus Orc1p. Protein sequencing also showed the 64-kDa protein to be the previously identified Xenopus Orc2p. Microsequencing of the 43- and 48-kDa proteins that copurified with Orc1p and Orc2p led to their identification as the Orc4p and Orc5p subunits, respectively. Peptide sequences from the 43-kDa protein also allowed the isolation of cDNAs encoding the Xenopus, mouse, and human ORC4 subunits. Human ORC5 was also cloned; its sequence displayed extensive homology to both Drosophila and yeast ORC5. Surprisingly, comparison of the amino acid sequences of Orc1p, Orc4p, and Orc5p suggests that they are structurally related to each other and to the replication initiation protein, Cdc6p. Finally, we present the sequence of the putative Xenopus and human Orc3p.