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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of evaporative cooling and dietary supplemental Zn source on heat shock responses and mammary gland development of lactating dairy cows during summer. Seventy-two multiparous lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Cows were either cooled (CL) or not cooled (NC) and fed diets supplemented with 75 mg of Zn/kg of dry matter (DM) from Zn hydroxychloride (IOZ) or 35 mg of Zn/kg of DM from Zn hydroxychloride plus 40 mg of Zn/kg of DM from Zn-Met complex (ZMC). The 168-d trial included a 12-wk baseline phase when all cows were cooled and fed respective dietary treatments, and a subsequent 12-wk environmental challenge phase when NC cows were deprived of evaporative cooling. Plasma was collected from a subset of cows (n = 24) at 1, 3, 5, 12, 26, 41, 54, 68, 81 d of the environmental challenge to measure heat shock protein (HSP) 70 concentration. Mammary biopsies were collected from another subset of cows (n = 30) at enrollment (baseline samples) and at d 7 and 56 of the environmental challenge to analyze gene expression related to heat shock response, apoptosis and anti-oxidative enzymes, and to examine apoptosis and cell proliferation using immunohistochemistry. Supplemental Zn source did not affect milk yield but NC cows produced less milk than CL cows. Supplemental Zn source had no effect on mammary gene expression of HSP27, 70, and 90 or plasma concentrations of HSP70. The NC cows had greater mammary gene expression of HSP than CL cows. Circulating HSP70 of NC cows gradually increased and was higher at 81 d of environmental challenge compared with CL cows. Relative to IOZ, ZMC cows tended to have lower total mammary cell proliferation but greater mammary apoptosis. There was a tendency of greater TNFRSF1A mRNA expression for ZMC compared with IOZ cows, which may suggest upregulated extrinsic apoptosis. At d 7 of environmental challenge, NC cows had numerically higher mammary apoptosis than CL cows although not statistically significant. The NC cows tended to have greater mRNA expression of CAT and SOD3 regardless of time, and had greater mRNA expression of GPX1 at d 56 and FAS at d 7 of the environmental challenge than CL cows. Relative to CL cows, mammary cell proliferation rate was higher for NC cows at d 56 of the environmental challenge. In conclusion, dietary source of supplemental Zn has substantial effect on mammary cell turnover in lactating dairy cows, and prolonged exposure to heat stress increases mammary cell proliferation.

From January 21 through February 23, 2020, public health agencies detected 14 U.S. cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), all related to travel from China (1,2). The first nontravel-related U.S. case was confirmed on February 26 in a California resident who had become ill on February 13 (3). Two days later, on February 28, a second nontravel-related case was confirmed in the state of Washington (4,5). Examination of four lines of evidence provides insight into the timing of introduction and early transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, into the United States before the detection of these two cases. First, syndromic surveillance based on emergency department records from counties affected early by the pandemic did not show an increase in visits for COVID-19-like illness before February 28. Second, retrospective SARS-CoV-2 testing of approximately 11,000 respiratory specimens from several U.S. locations beginning January 1 identified no positive results before February 20. Third, analysis of viral RNA sequences from early cases suggested that a single lineage of virus imported directly or indirectly from China began circulating in the United States between January 18 and February 9, followed by several SARS-CoV-2 importations from Europe. Finally, the occurrence of three cases, one in a California resident who died on February 6, a second in another resident of the same county who died February 17, and a third in an unidentified passenger or crew member aboard a Pacific cruise ship that left San Francisco on February 11, confirms cryptic circulation of the virus by early February. These data indicate that sustained, community transmission had begun before detection of the first two nontravel-related U.S. cases, likely resulting from the importation of a single lineage of virus from China in late January or early February, followed by several importations from Europe. The widespread emergence of COVID-19 throughout the United States after February highlights the importance of robust public health systems to respond rapidly to emerging infectious threats.

Thermal barrier coating is a high-temperature protective technology widely used in industrial gas turbines. However, the failure of coating peeling because of the generation of thermally grown oxide (TGO) at the interface during service hinders its further application. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and wedge indentation are used to determine the TGO residual stress and the interface energy release rate, respectively. The effect of TGO on the interfacial fracture toughness during the growth process was discussed. Raman spectroscopy test results show that the residual stress of TGO is about 0.5 GPa. Wedge indentation test results illustrate that high-temperature heat treatment could accelerate the interface degradation of thermal barrier coatings. Stress analysis and test research demonstrate that the microcracks induced by compressive stress of TGO will propagate with increasing heating time, ending with failure of barrier coatings.

Refereed/Peer-reviewed Recently, the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and associated hybrids using plant extracts has attracted much attention due to its low cost, simplicity and environmental friendliness. However, the exact formation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the one step green synthesis of hybrid rGO/Fe NPs by a tea extract was examined using a response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain a high activity of rGO/Fe NPs. The results showed that the best conditions for synthesis were an extract concentration = 35 g/L, pH = 7, and temperature = 30 °C. The optimized hybrid produced could remove 99.9% of mitoxantrone (MTX) compared to only 78.9% when unoptimized. To better understand the formation process, characterizations by SEM, TEM, AFM, FTIR, XRD, Raman, and XPS were performed. Theses characterizations showed that the Fe NPs produced had a particle size of 25 nm which were deposited randomly across the rGO nanosheet with a thickness of approximately 1.5 nm, indicating that stable hybrid rGO/Fe NPs were successfully synthesized, where the green tea extract exhibited both reducing and capping/stabilizing behavior. Furthermore, the specific biomolecules in the green tea extract responsible for bio-reduction and stabilization were identified by GC-MS and LC-MS, which showed that catechins were the main reducing agents, while alkaloids, amino acids and phenolic acids were the main capping/stabilizing agents. Finally, a mechanism for synthesizing rGO/Fe NPs was proposed, where the polyphenols successfully reduced GO and complexed with iron ions to form amorphous ferric (and ferrous) polyphenol complex nanoparticles.

Background Previous studies had described the electrocardiographic or electrophysiological characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) from 3 aortic sinus cusps (ASC) as a whole, while little is known about the differences among VAs ablated in different subregions of the ASC. Objective To investigate the distribution, specific precordial electrocardiographic sign, and bipolar electrogram characteristics of VAs ablated in different subregions of the ASC. Methods We divided the right coronary cusp (RCC) and the left coronary cusp (LCC) into 6 subregions and studied 51 idiopathic VAs ablated successfully in the ASC. Results Fifty-one VAs inhomogeneous distributed in the 6 subregions, which rarely located in the lateral RCC (L-RCC; 2%). The fractionated potential was dominant (39/51, 76%) in the three kinds of target electrograms. From the L-RCC to the lateral LCC (L-LCC), the percentage of fractionated potential gradually decreased from 100% to 59%. A precordial rebound notch in V3–4 or V4–5 had a sensitivity of 90.9%, a specificity of 85.0%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.1% to predict VAs ablating from the anterior RCC (A-RCC). A precordial rebound notch in V2–3 had a sensitivity of 50.0%, a specificity of 94.9%, and a NPV of 86.0% to predict VAs ablating from the L-LCC. Conclusion The targets of the ASC-VAs mainly distributed in the anterior ASC and the L-LCC. Fractionated potential is common among target bipolar electrograms especially in the anterolateral RCC. Precordial electrocardiographic rebound notch has a high predictive accuracy for identifying different subregions of the ASC-VAs. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1Figure 2

Background The incidence of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients is higher than the general population [1–3]. AVNRT had been reported with larger coronary sinus (CS) ostium in general population, while the mechanism and correlation between AVNRT and the CS ostium in PAH patients are poorly understood. Purpose We aim to investigate the impact of the CS ostium on AVNRT and find out its risk factors in PAH patients. Methods Of 102 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients with catheter ablation of SVT, 10 patients confirmed AVNRT who underwent computed tomographic angiography (CTA) were enrolled as study group. The control group (PAH patients without SVT, n=20) were matched in a ratio of 2:1 based on gender and BMI. We measured maxium diameter of CS ostium in axial and LAO plane by CTA. All baseline characteristics and imaging materials were collected. Results PAH patients with AVNRT were older (45.9±14.8 vs. 32.1±7.6 years, P=0.025) and more likely to have larger CS ostium in LAO plane (18.6±3.3 vs. 14.8±4.0 mm, P=0.011) than those without AVNRT. The maximal diameter of CS ostium in LAO plane was an independent predictor for AVNRT in PAH patients (Odds ratio, 1.389; 95% confidence interval, 1.003–1.923; P=0.048). The cut-off value of CS ostium in LAO plane was 14.1mm (Area under curve = 0.79, P=0.012), and the sensitivity and specificity were 90% and 55%, respectively. Conclusions The larger CS ostium in LAO plane correlated with the higher prevalence of AVNRT in PAH patients with age. Patients with CS ostium larger than 14.1mm in LAO plane are more likely to develop AVNRT. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Measurements and diagnosis value

目的 了解血液科碳青霉烯耐药革兰阴性菌（CRO）感染的分布及耐药情况，分析影响CRO感染患者预后的危险因素，为临床CRO感染患者的治疗和预后判断提供依据。 方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年6月血液科确诊的CRO感染患者181例，收集患者的临床和实验室检查等资料，分析影响患者30 d死亡的危险因素。在碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌（CRE）亚组中进一步评价CRE主动筛查的临床意义。 结果 分离出的181株CRO中CRE占47.2％，铜绿假单胞菌占37.0％，肺炎克雷伯菌占32.6％，对碳青霉烯类药物高度耐药，对亚胺培南耐药最低抑菌浓度（MIC）≥16 µg/ml的占76.8％（139/181）。菌株标本来源主要是血样和痰液。CRO和CRE感染患者30 d的全因死亡率分别为（41.4±3.7）％、（44.7±5.4）％。Cox多因素回归分析结果显示：降钙素原水平>0.2 ng/ml及亚胺培南耐药的MIC≥16 µg/ml是CRO感染30 d死亡的独立危险因素。CRE亚组分析结果显示，亚胺培南耐药的MIC≥16 µg/ml为CRE感染30 d死亡的独立危险因素。CRE主动筛查患者的30 d累积生存率高于未筛查患者［（68.0±9.3）％对（50.0±6.5）％，P＝0.21］。 结论 高亚胺培南耐药MIC值的致病菌严重影响血液科CRO感染患者预后，病死率高。开展CRE主动筛查有助于早期预防、早期诊断和早期治疗高危患者。

Wind tunnel tests of an aeroelastic tower model at a length scale of 1∶40 were conducted to investigate the dynamic responses of an electricity transmission tower under synoptic and typhoon...

For the first time, we report a short channel high performance, gate-all-around strained Si 0.4 Ge 0.6 nanosheet PMOSFET with aggressively scaled dimensions. We demonstrate realization of s-Si 0.4 Ge 0.6 nanosheet with 5nm thickness and device with L G =25nm featuring record high I ON =508 µA/µm at I OFF =100nA/µm and V DS = -0.5V. This result is obtained with the combination of (a) novel Si-cap-free gate oxide solution featuring thin EOT=9.1A, low D IT and N IT for s-Si 0.4 Ge 0.6 channel, (b) record high hole mobility= 450 cm2/Vs owing to compressive strain imparted by Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 strain relaxed buffer (SRB), (c) low R EXT =150 Ω-µm due to highly active, strained source/drain SiGe process and novel p++ cap layer, (d) optimized source/drain tip and junction to minimize GIDL impact to I OFF . Additionally, the impact of operating temperature on GIDL and I OFF is comprehensively studied to prescribe optimal V CC range of operation for this technology.

We discuss advances in our research on 300mm GaN NMOS by demonstrating GaN-on-Si(111) NMOS transistors achieving low R ON =330Ω-μm; high ID,max=1.7mA/μm; BV DS (at I D =1μA/μm) of up to 90V with excellent R ON =660Ω-μm; record f T /f MAX of 200/350GHz for GaN-on-Si; industry’s best RF switch R on C off =55fs; and highest mmwave (28GHz) RF power amplifier peak PAE of 65% @ 19.5dBm saturated power. We discuss and compare the challenges in approaches to GaN and Si CMOS integration research including: (a) poly-silicon CMOS, (b) heterogeneous epitaxy of GaN and Si(111) CMOS, (c) wafer-to-wafer bonding [2], and (d) 3D monolithic Si(100) layer transfer using bonding techniques [1],[3].

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Background Inflammation contributes to heart failure (HF) development and progression. CD44 is a member of the hyaluronate receptor family of cell adhesion molecules, which regulates tissue inflammation and fibrosis through modulating macrophage and lymphocyte migration and homing in several diseases. Here we evaluated the role and cellular mechanism of CD44 in regulating transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced HF development and progression in mice. Methods and results C57/B6 background CD44 KO and wild type mice (6–8 weeks) were subjected to TAC to evaluate the effect of CD44 on the development of TAC-induced LV hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction. Due to the rapid response to TAC, Balb/c mice (6–8 weeks) were used to determine the effect of CD44 on the progression of TAC-induced congestive heart failure. We found that CD44 expression is dramatically increased in left ventricular (LV) tissues obtained from HF patients and mice. While CD44 gene knockout (KO) has no detectable effect on cardiac structure and function under control conditions, CD44 KO mice were protected from TAC-induced LV inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, dysfunction, and lung remodeling as compared with wild type mice. In addition, we found that inhibition of CD44 signaling with blocking antibodies (Abs) significantly attenuated the transition from LV failure to lung remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy in mice with existing HF. Conclusions These data identify an important role of CD44 in attenuating cardiac and lung inflammation, fibrosis, HF development, and HF progression, suggesting that inhibition of CD44 signaling may be useful in preventing and treating HF. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Grants and American Heart Association

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplemental Zn source and evaporative cooling on intake, milk yield and composition, and the rate of leukocyte migration into the mammary gland following intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 72) were assigned to one of four treatments with a 2×2 factorial arrangement including two sources of supplemental Zn: 75 mg/kg Zn hydroxychloride or 35 mg/kg Zn hydroxychloride + 40 mg/kg Zn-Met complex (ZMC) each with or without evaporative cooling. The cooling system was implemented by the use of fans and misters over the freestall and feeding areas. On day 34 of the experiment, cows (n = 16; days in milk = 263 ± 63 d) received an infusion of 10 μg of LPS, or a saline control, in the left or right rear quarters. Individual milk samples from both quarters were collected at −12, −4, 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h relative to infusion and analyzed for composition and bovine serum albumin. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were assessed and blood samples were collected at the same time points (with an additional sample at 3 h) for analyses of lactose and cortisol. Complete blood counts were performed on samples collected within the first 24 h post infusion. Intramammary LPS infusion reduced (P < 0.01) milk yield, DMI and feed efficiency regardless of dietary or cooling treatments. Non-cooled cows tended (P = 0.09) to have greater feed efficiency (=milk yield/DMI) at 1 d after infusion than those subjected to cooling. Intramammary LPS infusion dramatically increased (P < 0.01) milk somatic cell count (SCC) but treatments had no apparent impact on milk SCC. Compared with cooled cows, non-cooled cows had greater (P < 0.05) plasma lactose concentrations, but lower (P < 0.03) blood concentrations of neutrophils and lymphocytes at 3 h post infusion. This suggests a greater leukocyte migration into the mammary gland of heat-stressed cows. In conclusion, noncooled cows tended to maintain greater feed efficiency and appeared to have greater leukocyte migration into the mammary gland immediately after intramammary LPS infusion compared with cooled cows. Dietary supplemental Zn source had no impact on measures assessed after intramammary LPS infusion.

The assembly of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into bioinspired nacre-like nanocomposites is a potential strategy for the development of robust alternative packaging materials. At sufficiently high concentrations, the self-assembly of ultralarge GO into liquid crystals (LC) in colloidal suspensions with alginate biopolymer is observed. Studying freeze-dried partially cast nanocomposites reveals the gradual reorientation and merging of these LC domains during evaporation. Evaporation of LC alginate–GO suspensions yields nanocomposite films with highly ordered layered microstructures, with excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, and moisture barrier performance. Spectroscopic studies and comparison with theoretical models establish the role of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the components and confirm the parallel alignment of ultralarge GO above 2 wt %, corresponding to the formation of LC domains in aqueous suspension. The insights afforded by this study can help guide the commercial dev...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of evaporative cooling and dietary supplemental Zn source on blood metabolites, insulin and mineral concentrations, and milk mineral concentrations following intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. Seventy-two multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of four treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included two environments: with or without evaporative cooling using fans and misters over the freestall and feedbunk, and two dietary sources of supplemental Zn: 75 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) supplied by Zn hydroxychloride (inorganic Zn; IOZ) or Zn hydroxychloride (35 mg of Zn/kg of DM) + Zn–Met complex (ZMC; 40 mg of Zn/kg of DM). A subset of cows (n = 16; 263 ± 63 d in milk) was infused with 10 μg of LPS or a saline control in the left or right rear quarters on day 34 of the environmental treatment. Individual milk samples collected from LPS-infused quarters at −4, 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 144 h relative to infusion were analyzed for minerals. Blood samples were collected at the same time with an additional sample collected at 3 h post-infusion to analyze glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, and minerals. Cooling by time interactions (P ≤ 0.07) were observed for plasma glucose, NEFA, and serum insulin. Compared with cooled cows, non-cooled cows had lower concentrations of plasma glucose except at 3 h following intramammary LPS infusion, greater serum insulin at 3 and 12 h, and lower plasma NEFA at 24 and 48 h after infusion. Relative to cooled cows, non-cooled cows tended (P = 0.07) to have lower serum K concentration and had lower (P < 0.01) serum Zn 6 h following infusion (cooling by time interaction: P < 0.01). Relative to ZMC cows, IOZ cows had greater (P ≤ 0.09) concentrations of plasma Se, skim milk Na and Se, and skim milk Na to K ratio. Regardless of treatment, intramammary LPS infusion reduced (P < 0.01) serum or plasma concentrations of Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Se, but increased (P < 0.01) their concentration in skim milk. In conclusion, deprivation of cooling resulted in more rapid and prolonged insulin release and influenced the systemic and mammary mineral metabolism during mammary inflammation induced by LPS of lactating dairy cows. Dietary supplementation of Zn–Met complex reduced blood and milk Se concentrations compared with cows fed Zn from an inorganic source.

为解决病理抗酸染色优质阳性对照来源匮乏问题，缩短阳性对照阅片时间，采用灭活的结核杆菌培养物和蛋清制成0.5 cm×0.5 cm大小的新型阳性对照，并选取抗酸染色阳性菌含量适中的归档蜡块作为传统阳性对照。将两组切片一起染色，比较阳性菌查对时间和染色质量评分。结果：传统阳性对照占位大，均可见少量紫红色阳性菌，菌查对平均时间（1 492.0±163.2）s，染色质量平均得分28.8±2.0。新型阳性对照占位小，均可见较多紫红色阳性菌，阳性菌查对平均时间（5.8±1.0）s，染色质量平均得分37.0±1.3，差异均有统计学意义（

Heat stress reduces cow milk yield and results in a significant economic loss for the dairy industry. During lactation, heat stress lowers milk production by 25 to 40% with half of the decrease in milk synthesis resulting from the reduced feed intake. In vitro studies indicate that primary bovine mammary epithelial cells display greater rates of programmed cell death when exposed to high ambient temperatures, which may lead to a decrease in the total number of mammary epithelial cells in the mammary gland, partially explaining the lower milk production of lactating cows under heat stress. The function of mammary cells is also altered by heat stress. In response to heat stress, mammary cells display higher gene expression of heat shock proteins, indicating a need for cytoprotection from protein aggregation and degradation. Further, heat stress results in increased gene expression without altering protein expression of mammary epithelial cell junction proteins, and does not substantially influence the integrity of mammary epithelium. These data suggest that the mammary gland strives to maintain cell-to-cell junction integrity by synthesizing more proteins to compensate for protein losses induced by heat stress. During the dry period, heat stress negatively affects mammary gland development by reducing mammary cell proliferation before parturition, resulting in a dramatic decrease in milk production in the subsequent lactation. In addition to mammary growth, the mammary gland of the heat-stressed dry cow has reduced protein expression of autophagic proteins in the early dry period, suggesting heat stress influences mammary involution. Emerging evidence also indicates that heifers born to cows that experience late-gestation heat stress have lower milk yield during their first lactation, implying that the maternal environment may alter mammary gland development of the offspring. It is not clear if this is due to a direct epigenetic modification of prenatal mammary gland development by maternal heat stress. More research is needed to elucidate the effect of heat stress on mammary gland development and function.

Dietary Zn and heat stress alter gut integrity in monogastric animals. However, effects of Zn on mammary epithelial integrity in heat-stressed lactating dairy cows have not been studied. Multiparous lactating Holstein cows (n = 72) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to study the effects of environment and Zn source on performance and mammary epithelial integrity. Treatments included 2 environments [cooled (CL) or not cooled (NC)] and 2 Zn sources [75 mg/kg of supplemental Zn as Zn hydroxychloride (IOZ) or 35 mg/kg of Zn hydroxychloride + 40 mg/kg of Zn-Met complex (ZMC)]. The experiment was divided into baseline and environmental challenge phases of 84 d each. All cows were cooled during the baseline phase (temperature-humidity index = 72.5), whereas NC cows were not cooled during environmental challenge (temperature-humidity index = 77.7). Mammary biopsies were collected on d 7 and 56 relative to the onset of environmental challenge to analyze gene expression of claudin 1, 4, and 8, zonula occludens 1, 2, and 3, occludin, and E-cadherin and protein expression of occludin and E-cadherin. Deprivation of cooling increased respiration rate (64.8 vs. 73.9 breaths/min) and vaginal temperature (39.03 vs. 39.94°C) and decreased dry matter intake (26.7 vs. 21.6 kg/d). Energy-corrected milk yield decreased for NC cows relative to CL cows (24.5 vs. 34.1 kg/d). An interaction between environment and Zn source occurred for milk fat content as CL cows fed ZMC had lower milk fat percentage than other groups. Relative to CL cows, NC cows had lower concentrations of lactose (4.69 vs. 4.56%) and solids-not-fat (8.46 vs. 8.32%) but a higher concentration of milk urea nitrogen (9.07 vs. 11.02 mg/mL). Compared with IOZ, cows fed ZMC had lower plasma lactose concentration during baseline and tended to have lower plasma lactose concentration during environmental challenge. Plasma lactose concentration tended to increase at 3, 5, and 41 d after the onset of environmental challenge in NC cows relative to CL cows. Treatment had no effect on milk BSA concentration. Cows fed ZMC tended to have higher gene expression of E-cadherin relative to IOZ. Compared with CL, NC cows had increased gene expression of occludin and E-cadherin and tended to have increased claudin 1 and zonula occludens 1 and 2 gene expression in the mammary gland. Protein expression of occludin and E-cadherin was unchanged. In conclusion, removing active cooling impairs lactation performance and affects gene expression of proteins involved in the mammary epithelial barrier, and feeding a portion of dietary zinc as ZMC improves the integrity of the mammary epithelium.

Aspirin could reduce the risk of cancer metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a key factor of cancer metastasis, but no evidence has revealed how aspirin affects CTCs and its epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we conducted a clinical trial to investigate how aspirin affects CTCs in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC) and breast cancer patients (MBC). The trial is retrospective registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02602938). The eligible patients are given 100 mg aspirin q.d. for 8 weeks, and CTCs are evaluated at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks for absolute number, phenotype (epithelial type, E+, mesenchymal type, M+, and biophenotypic type, B+), and vimentin expression. Data on 21 MCC and 19 MBC patients are analyzed, and it revealed that the CTC numbers decreased with aspirin treatment in MCC (p

Mammary biopsy collection (MB) is a valuable approach for studying mammary gland biology, but it is unclear if repeated MB impair the performance of lactating dairy cows. The objective of this trial was to examine the effect of repeated MB during lactation on udder health, dry matter intake (DMI), and lactation performance of lactating dairy cows. Sixty-four multiparous, mid-lactation Holstein cows were enrolled in a 29-wk trial, and 32 cows were randomly selected for repeated MB. The MB and non-MB (NMB) cows had similar parity (2.6 ± 0.9) and days in milk (96.5 ± 56.3 d) at enrollment. All animals were housed in the same barn and managed in the same manner. Cows were milked 3 times daily with milk yield recorded at each milking. Milk composition was measured weekly and DMI recorded daily. Three MB were performed per cow: 1 wk after enrollment and at 15 and 24 wk. The first and third MB were performed on the left rear quarter, whereas the second MB was on the right rear quarter. The MB were performed based on previously described procedures using a rotating stainless steel cannula with a retractable blade connected to a cordless drill, with appropriate sedation and antiseptic treatment after each MB. After MB, udder health, surgical wound healing, and presence of blood in milk were visually examined at each milking. Blood was cleared from milk 3.86 ± 2.0 d after MB. During the experiment, 4 rear quarters of MB cows and 5 rear quarters from NMB cows were diagnosed and treated for clinical mastitis. No differences were observed in DMI, milk yield, somatic cell score, or milk concentration and yields of fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat between MB and NMB. In conclusion, lactating cows recover rapidly from MB, and repeated MB have no long-term effects on DMI, milk yield and composition, or udder health of lactating dairy cows.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of residual feed intake (RFI) on rumen function in finishing lambs. A total of 60 male Hu lambs (average initial BW = 25.2 ± 2.5kg) were used and were offered a pelleted high-concentrate diet, of which the forage to concentrate ratio was 25:75. Individual feed intake was recorded over a period of 42 d, then 10 lambs with the lowest RFI and the highest RFI were selected, respectively. The rumen fluid used for fermentation variables and relative abundance of bacteria measurement was obtained on d 10 and 20 after RFI measurement. At the end of this experiment, the selected lambs were slaughtered and rumen epithelium and liver tissues were collected for RNA extraction. Low-RFI lambs had lower ( 0.05). Additionally, RFI was positively ( = 0.57; 0.05) were not affected by RFI classification. Nonetheless, low-RFI group lambs had a greater ( 0.05) on gene expression associated with intracellular pH regulation (, , , , , , , and ) in rumen epithelium and β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism () in both rumen epithelium and liver tissues. In conclusion, even though low-RFI lambs had lower DMI, however, the number of was lower. Additionally, there was no difference in gene expressions level associated with intracellular pH regulation in rumen epithelium between RFI groups.

The negative effects of heat stress partly result from disturbed systemic metabolic responses and possibly altered mammary gland metabolism of lactating dairy cows. Our previous research reported that supplemental dietary Zn sources may affect milk fat synthesis of lactating cows during summer. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the systemic and mammary metabolism of cows fed 2 supplemental Zn sources under 2 environmental conditions. Multiparous lactating Holstein cows (n = 72; days in milk: 99.7 ± 13.4 d; parity: 2.9 ± 0.3) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included 2 different environments: cooled (CL) using fans and misters or noncooled (NC), and 2 supplemental Zn sources: 75 mg of Zn hydroxychloride/kg of DM (IOZ) or 35 mg of Zn hydroxychloride/kg of DM + 40 mg of Zn-Met complex/kg of DM (ZMC). The 168-d experiment was divided into baseline and environmental challenge phases, 84 d each. During the baseline phase, all cows were cooled and fed respective dietary treatments, and during the environmental challenge phase cows continued receiving the same diets but NC cows were deprived of cooling. Temperature-humidity index averaged 77.6 ± 3.8 and 77.8 ± 3.8 for CL and NC pens, respectively, during the environmental challenge phase. Plasma was collected before the baseline phase and at 1, 3, 5, 12, 22, 26, 41, 54, 61, 68, 75, and 81 d of the environmental challenge phase for metabolites and insulin analyses. Mammary biopsies were collected before the baseline phase and at 7 and 56 d of the environmental challenge phase to measure mRNA abundance of proteins related to mammary metabolism. Compared with CL, NC reduced plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and triglyceride concentrations, but increased insulin concentration. Cows fed ZMC had greater plasma triglyceride concentration than IOZ. Treatments had no effect on mRNA abundance of protein related to mammary fatty acid and glucose metabolism except that NC cows had greater mammary mRNA abundance of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase than CL cows. In conclusion, deprivation of evaporative cooling influenced the metabolism of lactating dairy cows but dietary Zn source had no apparent effect.

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection has been a major public health threat globally. Monitoring and prediction of CT epidemic status and trends are important for programme planning, allocating resources and assessing impact; however, such activities are limited in China. In this study, we aimed to apply a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to predict the incidence of CT infection in Shenzhen city, China. The monthly incidence of CT between January 2008 and June 2019 in Shenzhen was used to fit and validate the SARIMA model. A seasonal fluctuation and a slightly increasing pattern of a long-term trend were revealed in the time series of CT incidence. The monthly CT incidence ranged from 4.80/100 000 to 21.56/100 000. The mean absolute percentage error value of the optimal model was 8.08%. The SARIMA model could be applied to effectively predict the short-term CT incidence in Shenzhen and provide support for the development of interventions for disease control and prevention.

Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) modulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which controls the suppression of gluconeogenic genes; IRS-2 is also a critical node of insulin signaling. Because of the high homology between pig and human IRS-2, we investigated the expression pattern and function of porcine IRS-2. QPCR and immunoblotting were used to detect the IRS-2 expression level in different tissues. There were high IRS-2 levels in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and cerebellum in the central nervous system. In peripheral tissues, IRS-2 was expressed at relatively high levels in the liver. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that IRS-2 was mainly distributed in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex. Furthermore, IRS-2 knockdown porcine hepatocytes and porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) were generated. The IRS-2 knockdown induced abnormal expression of genes involved in glycolipid metabolism in hepatocytes and reduced the antiatherosclerosis ability in PAECs. In addition, we disrupted IRS-2 in porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, before finally generating IRS-2 knockout embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Taken together, our results indicate that IRS-2 might be a valuable target to establish diabetes and vascular disease models in the pig.

肺纤维平滑肌瘤型错构瘤是一种罕见的良性肿瘤，一般体检时发现，国内外报道甚少，现报道1例。患者女，55岁。体检发现左肺上叶尖后段纵隔旁结节状软组织密度影；送检组织镜下肿瘤由上皮细胞和间叶细胞组成，上皮成分由不规则的腺体及裂隙状结构组成，间叶细胞成分由不规则的平滑肌细胞及纤维细胞构成；免疫组织化学发现间质梭形细胞平滑肌肌动蛋白、结蛋白及部分雌激素受体阳性，腺上皮细胞广谱细胞角蛋白、甲状腺转录因子1阳性；肿瘤手术切除为主，预后好。.

Preliminary studies suggest that maternal heat stress (HS) during late gestation exerts carryover effects on a calf's insulin response after weaning, but a comprehensive evaluation of how maternal HS affects calf intake, growth, and metabolic response from birth to weaning is lacking. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of maternal HS during the dry period on dry matter intake, growth, and metabolism from birth to weaning. After birth, 20 heifers born to either HS (n=10) or cooled (CL, n=10) dry cows were immediately separated from their dams and fed 3.8 L of colostrum from a common pool within 4h of birth. All heifers were managed identically and weaned at 49 d of age (DOA). Calf starter intake was recorded daily, and body weight was assessed at birth and every 2 wk from birth to 56 DOA. Blood samples were collected twice a week until 56 DOA to assess hematocrit and concentrations of insulin and metabolites. To evaluate metabolic responses to maternal HS, a glucose tolerance test, insulin, and epinephrine challenge were performed on 3 consecutive days for all heifers at 8, 29, and 57 DOA. Maternal HS during the dry period did not affect heifer birth weight. Compared with HS, CL calves consumed more starter (0.53 vs. 0.34kg/d) from birth to 56 DOA and were heavier (71.7 vs. 61.4kg) at 56 DOA. Relative to HS calves, CL calves tended to have higher hematocrit (27.4 vs. 24.7%). No differences were found between treatments in plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose, but HS calves had higher nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations after 32 DOA. Compared with CL, HS calves had a faster glucose clearance after a glucose tolerance test and a slower insulin clearance after an insulin challenge. In conclusion, maternal HS during late gestation reduces calf starter intake and growth, alters blood metabolite profile, and increases noninsulin-dependent glucose uptake.