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The finned surface can increase the specific surface area, which could enhance the boiling efficiency of the working medium to realize the enhancement of heat transfer performance. This research adopted a step punching method to form a radial microgroove structure on the surface of a copper plate. The scanning electron microscopy analysis indicates that when the pressed metal is in the deformation range, it will flow under extrusion and is subject to the reaction force from the metal outside the deformation range, so a micro-finned structure nearby the punching tool is formed. And the deformation area of the formed microgroove is higher than the workpiece’s primitive surface. The relationships of the punching interference length L i with θ c , a c , and α pt are analyzed; and the influence of forming parameters on the groove surface morphology as well as the relationships among these parameters are discussed. When the punching depth a c is 0.3 mm and the punching feeding angle θ c is 2°–4°, the finned surface of the radial V-shaped microgrooves can be obtained.

To investigate the clinical effects and application value of self-made disseminating and descending breathing exercises on home rehabilitation of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Seeking to generate concepts for creating novel, convenient, and efficient COPD prognosis rehabilitation exercises aimed at enhancing the well-being and rehabilitation confidence of both COPD patients and their families. A total of 70 COPD patients admitted to our outpatient department from July 2019 to September 2021 were randomly divided into the exercise group (n = 35) and the control group (n = 35). The control group received routine breathing training, while the exercise group was treated with self-made disseminating and descending breathing exercises. The respiratory function, including pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC) and respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP), exercise tolerance (6-min walking distance, 6MWT), Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC, Borg), COPD quality of life score (CAT, SGRQ), anxiety and depression scores (HAMA, HAMD) were compared between the two groups after 12-week exercise. After 12-week training, the FEV1, MIP, and MEP in the exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001), and the 6MWT was significantly increased in the exercise group compared to the control group (p < 0.001); while the mMRC, Borg score, the scores of CAT, SGRQ, HAMA, and HAMD were found significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The self-made disseminating and descending breathing exercises can improve respiratory function and reduce symptoms of dyspnea in COPD patients, while enhancing exercise tolerance and relieving anxiety and depression, and are worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PAP2 (Production of anthocyanin segment 2) encodes MYB transcription factor, and regulates anthocyanin synthesis by forming MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex with bHLH and WD40. In this study we cloned PAP2 gene in Brassica, and preliminarily verified the function of PAP2, providing a reference for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in Brassica. Two and one copies of PAP2 gene were cloned from Brassica carinata and Brassica nigra, respectively, and named as BcaB.PAP2, BcaC.PAP2, BniB.PAP2. These three genes are composed of 3 exons and 2 introns, encoding 247 amino acids. Based on the PAP2 gene sequences cloned in this study and other reported PAP2 gene sequences of Brassica, three pairs of primers were designed to detect the PAP2 gene of A, B and C genomes respectively, and the genomic origin of PAP2 of six species in the U's Triangle of Brassica could be distinguished by allele specific PCR. The BjuB.PAP2 gene from the B genome of Brassica juncea was selected to construct an overexpression vector and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic Arabidopsis leaves turned purple, indicating that PAP2 gene is regulating anthocyanin synthesis. After shading treatment for 10 days, the purple color of Brassica carinata lightened, and the anthocyanin content decreased by 41.22%. Quantitative PCR and transcriptomic studies showed that the expression of BcaB.PAP2 and BcaC.PAP2 in the leaves of shading plants decreased. The expression of structural genes for anthocyanin synthesis, such as chalcone synthase gene (CHS), chalcone isomerase gene (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene (F3H), dihydroflavonol reductase gene (DFR), anthocyanin synthase gene (ANS), flavonoid 3-glucosyltransferase gene (UFGT) and other genes were also decreased. This study completed the cloning of PAP2 gene of Brassica carinata and Brassica nigra, and carried out their evolutionary analysis. Allele specific PCR primers were designed according to the sequences of PAP2 gene cloned in this experiment and other reported genes to provide molecular markers for the genomic transmission identification of PAP2 gene in Brassica interspecific hybrids. Through the transformation of BjuB.PAP2 gene into Arabidopsis plants, it was found that PAP2 gene was involved in the accumulation of anthocyanins. It was found that the expression of BcaPAP2 gene and anthocyanin synthesis structure gene were induced by light after shading. This study cloned the PAP2 gene in Brassica and preliminarily verified its function, providing a reference for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis in Brassica plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From perspective of truth, goodness and beauty, this study analyzes the origin and problems of quantitative development trend of mass fitness and puts forward some suggestions. The results found that the origin of quantitative development of mass fitness may be that the intervention with advanced scientific technology, the penetration of social quantitative ideology, and the extension of progressive ideas with competitive sports, which may be in a degree beneficial to the statistics of physiological indicators, the operation of fitness practice, and the dynamics to continually break through the extreme for human beings, yet that may also contain many problems. For the truth layer, ideal quantitative indicators may not disclose the law of divergent and three-dimensional changes of body function, and this would be the mechanical quantification of reductive thinking to bodybuilders' physiological function. For the goodness layer, the quantification viewed the body of bodybuilders as materials and attempted to regenerate by mode of "erasing difference-unifying standard-producing quantitatively-binding technique", which may be the violation of human's subjectivity by the thought of "micronization". For the beauty layer, under the influence of the pursuit of quantity by people to constantly transcend and technical tools continually expanding body function, the bodybuilders very easily to break the boundary of modest training, which may be the distortion of essential strength for them blindly chase for the limit. The study suggests that the future development trend of mass fitness has to stress the combination with quantify and experience in the course of fitness, pay attention to the shaping of subject consciousness and the cultivation to deepen body aesthetics, then forms the ability to recognize and transform themselves, and rationally grasps the essential strength and through that to perceive the outside world from the layer of truth, goodness and beauty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ANS genes were cloned from Brassica nigra by homology - based clone strategy. 2 copies named BnANS1 and BnANS2 were obtained. BnANS1 sequence was 1 366bp with a 76bp - intron. BnANS2 sequence gene was 1 367bp with 76bp intron. Sequence analysis showed polymorphisms in coding regions, intron, 5 ' - and 3 ' - noncoding regions of the two genes, including 3 polymorphic bases and a 4 - base deletion in 5 ' - noncoding region, 26 polymorphic bases in coding region, 2 polymorphic bases in intron, 18 polymorphic bases and a 3 - base insertion in 3 ' - noncoding region. The two copies encoded deduced a polypeptide of 356 amino acids, having the same conserved domain of ANS as other species, belonging to 2OG - Fe (II) oxygenase superfamily. BnANS1 protein was predicted to be 40 448. 58Da with pI of 5. 05, while BnANS2 was 40 468. 52Da with pI of 5. 04. Nine polymorphisms were found in their protein sequences. RT - PCR result showed that BnANS1 and BnANS2 expressed in seed coats and embryos in B. nigra. Compared with published ANS gene sequences of Brassia species, a pair of primer was obtained based on B genome - specific nucleotide variations loci, which could effectively identify B - genome origin of ANS in Brassia by allele - specific PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explores the changes of lubrication performance of sliding bearings caused by oval or tooth circularity errors of the journal. The analytic expression of oil film thickness of the sliding bearing with noncircular journal was derived. For a main bearing of an internal combustion engine, the relationships between various circularity errors of the journal and bearing lubrication parameters were studied, such as film thickness, film pressure, friction power loss, lubricant flow volume and orbital path at center. The results show that both of oval and tooth circularity errors would decrease the lubricious characters of sliding bearings evidently. When oval circularity errors occur, the area of load bearing region would be changed so that the lubricious performance at the circumferential extent could be improved at a time. The tooth errors would bring a periodic fluctuation of lubricant film at the load bearing region and the profile of film pressure has a multi-peak distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on mode strain energy used to calculate the mode damping dissipation factor, the method of mode strain energy sum is presented. The method is utilized to study the high strain energy sum zone of thin-wall box with partial coating damping layer, and the rules of influence of coating parameters versus structural damping dissipation factor are attained. Furthermore, by the introduction of localization mode method, the structure's local mode and maximum strain energy zone are regulated, which realizes the optimization of damping material placement. The research results show that synthetically using the method of mode strain energy sum and localization mode can accurately find and control the distribution of high strain energy sum, which adds the placement flexibility of partial coating damping layer and also helps to reduce the structural mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing theoretical calculation and measurement of damping ratio, the mechanism in reducing vibration of viscous liquid is investigated. Aiming at the equivalent thin-wall box, the modal experiments, of which include single-layer box with various oil volume, double-layer box with various diaphragm plate distance and with various hole-number, are designed. The corresponding damping ratios are gained. Through the combined characteristic calculation based on the mean damping ratio, the whole change trends of various working conditions are studied. The results indicate that the increase of box liquid volume and the introduction of diaphragm plates can enhance the damping ratio of the system and reduce the power of acoustic radiation of the system. Especially, compared with diaphragm plates without holes, diaphragm plates with holes do not further increase the damping ratio of system, but have better damping characteristics in the high frequency band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing Galerkin method, the finite element equation of acoustic interaction between two media is established. Based on the empirical equations of porous material considered as a fluid, the rules between the complex speed&density and flow resistivity are analyzed. According to the finite element equation and the empirical equations, two different porous material structures' transmission loss(TL) versus the flow resistivity are attained. The results showed that the TL of air cleaner will increases with the increase of flow resistivity, but the TL of resistance muffler has a complicated change and exists a maximal value within the calculation frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to get deep insight into the pore structure of tectonically deformed coals at different deformation extents, pore parameters (pore size and volume, surface area and surface fractal dimension) of coals from Zhongliangshan Southern Coal Mine, Chongqing, were investigated by means of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) combined with low temperature nitrogen adsorption. The results from SAXS indicate that the scattering intensity and micropore volume increases, the most-probable pore diameter decreases, while the surface fractal dimensions increases with the increase in deformation extent. Similar results were obtained from low temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments. However, the surface area measured from SAXS is somehow 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that from low temperature nitrogen adsorption. This is possibly due to the different testing principles followed by these two testing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advanced quantitative characterization of seepage pores of deformed coals in Zhongliangshan Southern coalmine, Chongqing, was studied by mico-CT. The results show that the pore diameter of deformed coals is commonly less than 10 μm, but the pores distribution characteristics are different among various types of deformed coals. Pore numbers and areal porosity increase with the intensity of tectonic deformation. For primary-cataclastic coal, the primary pore is the major pore types, and interbreccia pores from angular particles increase in cataclastic coal with stress increasing. For granulated coal, intergranular pores and micro-fractures are well-developed, and mean pore diameter increases. The intense shear failure resulted in the brittle-ductile deformation, including local wrinkle structure and dusty mylonite in flake coal. Coal particles filled in some fractures and pores, which results in the reduction of mean pore diameter. The spatial visualization of pores indicate that porosity, pore surface area, pore volume and the distribution of max connective pores group increases along with stress strengthen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles (N-CNPs) has a high potential of increasing nitrogen efficiency in farmland. However, little has been known about the effects of N-CNPs on soil microbial communities. In this study, paddy rhizosphere samples were collected from soils being treated with different nitrogen-doped amount of carbon nanoparticles (low, 1.2%, N-CNPs1; medium, 6.7%, N-CNPs2; high, 9.3%, N-CNPs3) for three years. We analyzed the bacterial community structure and diversity using the high-throughput sequencing. PICRUSt gene prediction analysis was used to determine soil community composition and metabolic function. Our results showed that treatment with N-CNPs changed the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities. Soil bacterial community diversity in adding medium amount of nitrogen-doped nanoparticles group (N-CNPs2) was the highest among all the treatments. Crenarchaeota, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were the most dominant groups in the soil microbial community. The relative abundances of Crenarchaeota, Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia increased, whereas Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi and Nitrospirae decreased with adding N-CNPs. Results of PICRUSt analysis revealed a wide genetic diversity of organisms involved in adding N-CNPs, such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and environmental information processes. Heat map analysis of KEGG demonstrated that adding medium amount of nitrogen-doped nanoparticles (N-CNPs2) group increased the relative abundance of bacterial community associated with soil carbon and nitrogen metabolism.

Aim: To investigate the difference in long-term outcomes between gastric cancer patients with and without a primary symptom of overt bleeding (OB)., Methods: Consecutive patients between January 1, 2007 and March 1, 2012 were identified retrospectively by reviewing a gastric cancer database at Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. A follow-up examination was performed on patients who underwent a radical gastrectomy. OB due to gastric cancer included hematemesis, melena or hematochezia, and gastric cancer was confirmed as the source of bleeding by endoscopy. Patients without OB were defined as cases with occult bleeding and those with other initial presentations, including epigastric pain, weakness, weight loss and obstruction. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate, age, gender, AJCC T stage, AJCC N stage, overall AJCC stage, tumor size, histological type, macroscopic (Borrmann) type, lymphovascular invasion and R status were compared between patients with and without OB. Moreover, we carried out a subgroup analysis based on tumor location (upper, middle and lower)., Results: We identified 939 patients. Of these, 695 (74.0%) were hospitalized for potential radical gastrectomy and another 244 received palliative resection, rerouting of the gastrointestinal tract, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or no treatment due to the presence of unresectable tumors. Notably, there was no significant difference in the percentage of OB patients between resectable cases and unresectable cases (20.3% vs 22.1%, P = 0.541). Follow-up examination was performed on 653 patients (94%) who underwent radical gastrectomy. We found no significant difference in 3-year OS rate (68.2% vs 61.2%, P = 0.143) or clinicopathological characteristics (P > 0.05) between these patients with and without OB. Subgroup analysis based on tumor location showed that the 3-year OS rate of upper gastric cancer was significantly higher in patients with OB (84.6%) than in those without OB (48.1%, P < 0.01) and that AJCC stages I-II (56.4% vs 35.1%, P = 0.017) and T1-T2 category tumors (30.8% vs 13%, P = 0.010) were more frequent in patients with OB than in those without OB. There was no significant difference in 3-year OS rate or clinicopathological characteristics between patients with and without OB (P > 0.05) for middle or lower gastric cancer., Conclusion: Upper gastric cancer patients with OB exhibited tumors at less advanced pathological stages and had a better prognosis than upper gastric cancer patients without OB.

Objective: To analyze the fracture conditions of earthquake casualties, summarize the therapeutic experiences and explore the frontier treatment model., Methods: The clinical data of spot treatment of fracture patients in Wenchun earthquake were collected and analyzed to observe the therapeutic effects of operative patients and to verify the rationality of the cooperated remedy model of unified military and civilian hospitals., Results: Among 236 fracture patients admitted in hospital, there were patients with extremities fractures in 81.3%, multiple fractures in 11.4% and open fractures in 10.6%. In all 55 patients underwent surgical treatment,the functional improvement rate was 65.5% and no infection or amputation happened. Supported by psychological aids, all patients were coordinated with treatment and the short-term outcome was parallel with that of ordinary fracture cases., Conclusion: The general conditions of patients should be paid more attention to during the treatment procedure of fractures because of the great quantity of casualties and severe traumatic conditions in Wenchun earthquake. The cooperated remedy model of unified military and civilian hospitals should be regarded as a new sanitation service practice with certain advantages. Psychological aids can provide strong support for the patients' postoperative rehabilitation.