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Objective To study the buccolingual inclination of posterior premolars and molars and the curve of Wilson in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns, to explore the compensation mechanism of horizontal inclination of posterior teeth in patients with different sagittal skeletal patterns and to provide a reference for the control of posterior tooth inclination in the treatment of bone malocclusion. Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Ninety CBCT scans of adults and ninety scans of adolescents before orthodontic treatment were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. There were 30 skeletal Class I, Class Ⅱ, and Class Ⅲ patients in the adult group and adolescent group. The inclination angles of posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson of first and second molars were measured, and data were analyzed between adolescents and adults with different sagittal skeletal patterns. Results Compared with skeletal Class Ⅰ adult patients, the upper posterior molar inclination of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients was significantly lower, and the lower posterior molar inclination was significantly higher. Compared with skeletal ClassⅠ adult patients, the upper posterior molar inclination of skeletal Class Ⅲ adult patients was higher, and the lower posterior molar inclination was significantly lower. The Wilson curve of the second molar in skeletal Class Ⅱ adult patients was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Compared with skeletal ClassⅠ adolescent patients, skeletal Class Ⅲ adolescent patients had a significantly higher upper posterior molar inclination; however, no difference was found between the inclination of the posterior teeth between skeletal Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ adolescent patients. Comparing adolescent and adult samples, in skeletal Class Ⅱ patients, adults showed more lingual inclination than adolescents in the upper posterior teeth and less lingual inclination in the lower posterior teeth except for the mandibular first molar. Comparing adolescent and adult samples, in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients, adults showed more lingual inclination than adolescents in the lower posterior teeth except for the mandibular second molars and showed no difference in the upper posterior teeth. Conclusions The inclination of the posterior teeth and the curve of Wilson show significant differences between the three sagittal skeletal patterns. Compared with those of skeletal Class Ⅰ patients, the posterior teeth of skeletal Class Ⅱ patients show more lingual inclination in the upper arch and less lingual inclination in the lower arch. Meanwhile, posterior teeth of skeletal Class Ⅲ patients show more lingual inclination in the lower arch and maintain the inclination in the upper arch.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare clinical courses and outcomes between pregnant and reproductive-aged non-pregnant women with COVID-19, and to assess the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Methods: Medical records of pregnant and reproductive-aged non-pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19 from January 15 to March 15, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The severity of disease, virus clearance time, and length of hospital stay were measured as the primary objective, while the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 was also assessed. Results: Eighty-two patients (28 pregnant women, 54 reproductive-aged non-pregnant women) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Univariate regression indicated no association between pregnancy and severity of disease (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.08–5.15; p = 0.76), virus clearance time (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.65–2.01; p = 0.62), and length of hospital stay (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.66–1.84; p = 0.71). Of the pregnant women, 22 delivered 23 live births, either by cesarean section (17, 60.7%) or vaginal delivery (5, 17.9%), and no neonate was infected with SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Pregnant women have comparable clinical courses and outcomes with reproductive-aged non-pregnant women when infected with SARS-CoV-2. No evidence supported vertical transmission of COVID-19 in the late stage of pregnancy, including vaginal delivery.

Designing electrodes in a highly ordered structure simultaneously with appropriate orientation, outstanding mechanical robustness, and high electrical conductivity to achieve excellent electrochemical performance remains a daunting challenge. Inspired by the phenomenon in nature that leaves significantly increase exposed tree surface area to absorb carbon dioxide (like ions) from the environments (like electrolyte) for photosynthesis, we report a design of micro-conduits in a bioinspired leaves-on-branchlet structure consisting of carbon nanotube arrays serving as branchlets and graphene petals as leaves for such electrodes. The hierarchical all-carbon micro-conduit electrodes with hollow channels exhibit high areal capacitance of 2.35 F cm-2 (~500 F g-1 based on active material mass), high rate capability and outstanding cyclic stability (capacitance retention of ~95% over 10,000 cycles). Furthermore, Nernst-Planck-Poisson calculations elucidate the underlying mechanism of charge transfer and storage governed by sharp graphene petal edges, and thus provides insights into their outstanding electrochemical performance.

Solar‐driven water‐electricity co‐generation (WEC) emerges as a viable solution to address global freshwater and energy scarcity. Phase change materials (PCMs)‐based WEC systems have been proposed to solve intermittent solar radiation issues. Nevertheless, WEC performances decline significantly leading to limited operating durations in dark. The study proposes a new concept of directional‐thermal‐conductive PCMs to address above challenges. By precisely regulating hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity distribution of Cu substrates, the structural disorder of boron nitride‐based PCMs is effectively tuned to achieve directional thermal transport. These directional‐thermal‐conductive PCMs exhibit a high phase transition enthalpy of 250.4 J g−1 and a large thermal‐conductivity anisotropy index of 3.24, which improves heat exchange between PCMs and photothermal/thermoelectric, and minimizes transverse heat dissipation simultaneously. Consequently, the directional‐thermal‐conductive PCMs‐based WEC achieves evaporation rates of 2.51 kg m−2 h−1 with power outputs of 1759.7 mW m−2 at 1 sun, among the best performance reported in the state‐of‐the‐art studies. More impressively, its evaporation rate still reaches 0.93 kg m−2 h−1 with a superior power output of 411.0 mW m−2 and a prolonged operation time of 90 minutes in nighttime, significantly surpassing previously‐reported devices with nondirectional‐thermal‐conductive designs. Finally, an omniphobic PVDF membrane is demonstrated that can improve the anti‐fouling performance of WEC systems for prolonged lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To retrospectively analyze of factors influencing early preterm birth (EPB) and late preterm birth (LPB ) in pregnancy women with placenta previa complicated by placenta accreta spectrum disorders ( PAS ), and assess maternal and infant outcomes. Methods We included 590 cases of pregnancy women with placenta previa complicated by PAS who underwent cesarean sections at five hospitals in Wuhan and Xianning cities between January 2018 and June 2021. These patients were divided into three groups based on delivery gestational age : EPB, LPB, and term birth (TB). A multiple logistic regression model was employed to analyze the risk factors associated with EPB and LPB. Additionally, differences in early maternal and infant outcomes among these groups were examined. Results Among 590 pregnancy women with placenta previa complicated by PAS, the proportions of EPB and LPB were 9.7% and 54.4%. The use of uterine contraction inhibitors prior to cesarean section, vaginal bleeding, and previous cesarean sections history were identified as risk factors for both EPB and LPB. The proportion of severe postpartum hemorrhage was comparable between the EPB group and the LPB group ; however, the incidence of neonatal asphyxia, low birth weight infants, and the rate of newborns transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) within 24 hours after cesarean delivery were significantly higher in the EPB group compared to the LPB group. Conclusions Placenta previa complicated by PAS predominantly leads to LPB. The history of prior cesarean sections, uterine contractions, and vaginal bleeding prior to cesarean section, are significantly associated with both EPB and LPB. During the perinatal period, efforts should be made to extend gestational weeks under close monitoring to minimize the incidence of premature births and thereby improve early maternal and infant outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: A deep neck space abscess (DNSA) is a critical condition resulting from infection of deep neck fascia and soft issue, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, intensive care can be very significant for patients with DNSA. This study aimed to develop models to predict the need for postoperative intensive care in patients with DNSA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 332 patients with DNSA who received drainage operation between 2015 and 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and the eXtrem Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm were used to develop predictive models. Results: We developed two predictive models, the nomogram and the XGBoost model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.911 and of the XGBoost model was 0.935. Conclusion: We developed two predictive models for guiding clinical decision making for postoperative ICU admission for DNSA patients, which may help improve prognosis and optimize intensive care resource allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metformin (Met) has been reported to play the key role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the precise mechanisms underlying the actions of Met in PCOS remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to confirm the mechanism of Met interacting with a long non‐coding RNA LINC00548 in PCOS. Methods: Ovarian granulosa cells (OGCs) were incubated 500 nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to construct PCOS in vitro model and then were treated 20 μM Met. A series of cell experiments including Cell Counting Kit‐8, Terminal uridine nucleotide end labeling, and flow cytometry were performed to confirm the changes of OGC survival ability. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to determine the levels of LINC00548, whereas Western blotting was applied to determine the levels of androgen receptor (AR) and klotho. Results: Met improved the cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis in DHT‐treated OGCs. LINC00548 downregulated in DHT‐treated OGCs was upregulated by Met, and its overexpression further enhanced the positive effects of Met on the survival ability of DHT‐treated OGCs. In addition, Met could induce the upregulation of LINC00548 to suppress the activation of AR/klotho pathway in DHT‐treated OGCs. Conclusion: Overall, this study discovers that Met enhances the survival ability of OGCs in PCOS by elevating LINC00548 expression to suppress AR/klotho pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2019, a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause was reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China. (1) Soon after the report, deep sequencing analysis indicated that a novel betacoronavirus, [...], * Context.--The pandemic of a novel coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an unprecedented global health burden. Objective.--To investigate the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and other poor obstetrical outcomes. Design.--All suspected cases of pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted into one center in Wuhan from January 20 to March 19, 2020, were included. Detailed clinical data of those pregnancies with COVID-19 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results.--Twenty-seven pregnant women (4 early pregnancies included) with laboratory or clinically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 24 neonates born to the 23 women in late pregnancy were analyzed. On admission, 46.2% (13 of 27) of the patients had symptoms, including fever (11 of 27), cough (9 of 27), and vomiting (1 of 27). Decreased total lymphocytes count was observed in 81.5% (22 of 27) of patients. Twenty-six patients showed typical viral pneumonia by chest computed tomography scan, whereas 1 patient confirmed with COVID-19 infection showed no abnormality on chest computed tomography. One mother developed severe pneumonia 3 days after her delivery. No maternal or perinatal death occurred. Moreover, 1 early preterm newborn born to a mother with the complication of premature rupture of fetal membranes, highly suspected to have SARS-CoV-2 infection, was SARS-CoV-2 negative after repeated real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing. Statistical differences were observed between the groups of women in early and late pregnancy with COVID-19 in the occurrence of lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Conclusions.--No major complications were reported among the studied cohort, though 1 serious case and 1 perinatal infection were observed. Much effort should be made to reduce the pathogenic effect of COVID-19 infection in pregnancies.