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ObjectivesThis research aims to investigate the operational mechanism of a coal gasifier within an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant, with a focus on analyzing and optimizing key operational parameters.MethodsA steady-state thermodynamic model of the gasifier was developed using Aspen Plus. The model’s accuracy was validated by comparing its simulation results with published data. A sensitivity analysis was then conducted to assess the impact of key gasifier parameters.ResultsThe thermodynamic model demonstrates the suitability for simulating steady-state coal gasification processes. The model exhibits high accuracy, simplified structure, and efficient computational performance.ConclusionsThe sensitivity analysis reveals that the oxygen-to-coal ratio holds the most significant influence on the coal gasification process. Both insufficient and excessive oxygen levels result in a reduction of syngas active ingredient production. The optimal oxygen-to-coal ratio for the Shell gasifier model is determined to be approximately 0.85. Water-to-coal ratio also plays a critical role in the gasification process. When sufficient energy is present within the gasifier, increasing the water input leads to higher water content in the syngas, potentially increasing hydrogen concentration. However, excessive water input under energy-constrained conditions can decrease the effective composition of the syngas.

ObjectivesWith the annual increase in the generation of solid waste, traditional treatment methods have struggled to meet the increasingly stringent environmental requirements and the demands for resource recycling. In order to realize the efficient utilization of solid waste resources, a combined medical waste-waste tire resource utilization system based on gasification and pyrolysis was proposed.MethodsThe system fully combined the advantages of plasma gasification and pyrolysis technologies, coupling the medical waste plasma gasification power generation technology with tire pyrolysis technology. The syngas obtained from the gasification and pyrolysis processes was utilized together as the fuel of a gas turbine. At the same time, the high-temperature flue gas produced by the gas turbine provided the heat source for tire pyrolysis, after which the flue gas heat was recovered by a waste heat boiler. While harmlessly treating the medical waste-waste tires, the gradient utilization of energy was realized. The energy analysis and economic analysis of the proposed system were carried out under the condition of fixed feed rate.ResultsThe system is able to achieve a total energy output of 23.59 MW, with a total energy utilization efficiency of 52.56%, which is much higher than the efficiency of conventional waste-to-energy generation. The system has good economic returns, and can realize a relative net present value of 727.978 1 million yuan in a 20-year life cycle, and the dynamic payback cycle is only 3.13 years.ConclusionsThe research results provide a new technical path for the efficient co-processing of solid waste resources.

ObjectiveTo compare the development status of health facilities in different regions (non-agricultural and agricultural districts)and different types across four dimensions: organizational management, health environment, health activities, and health outcomes, to explore factors that may affect the current development status and summarize effective experiences, and to provide a foundation for the subsequent comprehensive, standardized, and effective promotion of health facility development and tiered and classified management.MethodsInvestigators conducted a health status survey based on the four dimensions for 50 health facilities in 16 districts of Shanghai, representing three types (including government agencies, enterprises, and communities). Evaluation forms were filled out through on-site observation and document reviews, which were developed in accordance with the Shanghai Health Settings Evaluation Standards (for trial implementation in 2019).ResultsThe average total score of health facilities in Shanghai was (88.42±11.93) points, with an overall excellence rate of 86.0%. The excellence rate of each dimension, from highest to lowest, were healthy environment (84.0%), organizational management (82.0%), health activities (78.0%), and health outcomes (44.0%). Health facilities in agricultural districts scored higher in both total score and average score on the organizational management dimension compared to non-agricultural districts. The excellence rate for the organizational management dimension was also higher in agricultural districts than in non-agricultural districts. There was no statistical significance in the total score, the score of each dimension, the overall excellence rate, and the excellence rate of each dimension among different types of health facilities (P>0.05).ConclusionThe development of health facilities among government agencies, enterprises, and communities in Shanghai has begun to yield positive results. Health facilities in non-agricultural districts should actively draw on the experience of those in agricultural districts, particularly in organizational management, adjust development ideas and planning based on their own realities, so as to continuously improve the levels of development.

ObjectivesThe mechanism of the impact of carbon capture technology on the peaking capacity of coal-fired power plants was analyzed, and the impact on the carbon capture technology on the power generation efficiency of coal-fired power plants was quantified.MethodsA typical coal-fired power plant was used as an example, and a post-combustion carbon capture scheme was selected. The simulation model of the conventional coal-fired thermal power unit and the carbon capture power plant was constructed by EBSILON software. The operation interval of the carbon capture power plant was derived. A comparative analysis of the operation of the carbon capture power plant and the conventional coal-fired power plant was conducted, and the variation in peaking performance was investigated.ResultsThe equivalent output power of the carbon capture power plant decreased by 1%-2%, the net output power decreased by 20%-30%, and the net efficiency of the whole field decreased by 8%-10% compared with the conventional coal-fired power plant.ConclusionsThe addition of a carbon capture system allows the plant to gain greater downward peaking depth and faster peaking response, although it reduces efficiency.

A facile sol-gel procedure was employed to create refractive-index gradient SiO2 antireflective (AR) films. A monolayer film, characterized by the porous crosslinking framework, was fabricated with a designed volume ratio mixture both with colloidal silica suspension and soluble organic polysiloxane. The upper layer for the bilayer film was a hexamethylisilazane (HMDS) modified colloidal silica suspension, leading to the film surface transfer to hydrophobic. The strategic design of nanostructures in the bottom and upper layers resulted in a refractive-index gradient SiO2 film with enhanced AR properties. The bilayer film demonstrated a transmittance of 99.5% at 1064 nm, accompanied by a notable reduction in reflectivity. Moreover, the laser-induced damage threshold of the bilayer film was increased by 30%, rising to as high as 24.7 J/cm2. The SiO2 nanostructured film both showed a refractive-index gradient structure with excellent AR properties and exhibited good laser damage resistance.

Cobalt is an essential material for the development of the new energy industry. Based on the latest data regarding the cobalt resource industry of China and worldwide, this study analyzes the challenges faced by the development of China’s cobalt resource industry from the aspects of cobalt resource endowment, supply-demand situation of cobalt concentrate and refined cobalt, and industry policy. China is the world’s largest producer of refined cobalt and largest consumer of cobalt; however, its cobalt resources are extremely scarce and its ultra-high dependence on foreign countries and single source of imports have put China’s cobalt resource security at risk. In response to the above problems, we propose the following countermeasures: (1) adopting effective measures to increase China’s cobalt reserves; (2) diversifying cobalt import channels to ensure a stable access to overseas cobalt resources; (3) implementing supportive policies to help China-invested overseas enterprises stabilize their production; (4) establishing a cobalt reserve system to improve the cobalt resource guarantee capacity of China; (5) strengthening the comprehensive utilization technologies to increase the amount of available cobalt resources; and (6) emphasizing research of potential cobalt resources, such as sea-floor cobalt resources in ferromanganese nodules and crusts.

Nickel resources are vital for national economic development. As the largest consumer of nickel metal worldwide, China faces a scarcity of nickel metal raw materials which depend highly on imports. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve breakthroughs in nickel resource exploration, promote the comprehensive development and utilization of nickel resources, and broaden import channels, to ensure a secure and stable supply of nickel resources. Based on the analysis of the latest data of the nickel industry, this study reviews the nickel resource endowments and the status of nickel supply and demand in China and abroad, and summarizes the genetic types, spatiotemporal distribution, and prospecting potentials of nickel ore deposits. It also analyzes the issues facing the development and supply security of China’s nickel resource industry, and proposes key technologies for nickel exploration as well as development paths for the comprehensive utilization of nickel resources. To ensure the stable supply and safe development of nickel resources in China, countermeasures are proposed from both international and domestic aspects. Internationally, it is necessary to stabilize the important nickel resource import markets represented by Indonesia and the Philippines, increase investment in mining projects overseas to enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises, and strengthen international cooperation to diversify the channels for nickel resource imports. Domestically, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) increasing nickel resource exploration, (2) promoting the comprehensive utilization of nickel resources to increase the utilization rate of recycled nickel resources, (3) optimizing traditional technical processes and adjusting the industrial structure, (4) strengthening nickel reserve bases to ensure effective increase in reserves; and (5) encouraging research on mining technologies of potential nickel ores such as ferromanganese nodules on the ocean floor.

Objective To analyze the differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the lung tissues of rat model of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) by using microarray analysis in order to provide new clues for molecular mechanism of HAPE. Methods Healthy male SD rats (8 weeks old, weighing 200±20 g) were randomized into normoxia control (NC) group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, hypoxia group and hypoxia +low-dose LPS (HL) group. The rats of the LPS group and HL group were injected with 0.1 mL 0.05% LPS per 100 g body weight, and those of the NC group and the hypoxia group were administered with an equivalent volume of normal saline. The rats of the hypoxia group and the HL group were housed in a hypobaric chamber simulating an altitude of 5 000 m, and those of the NC group and the LPS group were raised simultaneously outside of the chamber. The wet/dry mass ratio (WDR) of lung tissue and total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and the histopathological changes of lung tissue was observed using HE staining. The total RNA was extracted from the lung tissues, and the mRNA expression profile was obtained with Affymetrix microarray followed by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis with Metascape (http://metascape.org). Results The rats of the HL group showed significant congestion, edema, and widened alveolar septa. Compared with the NC group, the HL group had significantly increased lung WDR (P

New energy power generation has the characteristics of large fluctuation and instability in output and power generation load. In order to solve the above problems brought by new energy units on the internet, a variety of thermoelectric decoupling modes was used to transform thermal power units,different technology paths were analyzed,and the potential of decoupling thermal power units and peak shifting capacity was explored. EBSILON professional software was used,and the peak load space under different thermoelectric decoupling schemes was evaluated and compared. The results show that the zero output thermoelectric decoupling transformation scheme of low pressure cylinder can improve the peak regulation capacity of the unit to the greatest extent. Under the original maximum heating load of 304.60 MW, the minimum power generation decreased by 172.21 MW, and the minimum power load rate decreased by 32.70%. Thermal power units after heat and power decoupling transformation can significantly improve the coordinated peaking ability of thermoelectric units and new energy units,and improve the stability of the overall power generation of power generation units.

The ocean and coastal zones are rich in resources and closely related to human survival and development. In recent years, with the rapid growth of the ocean economy, issues such as the reduction of natural coastlines and coastal wetlands, decreased biodiversity, damaged typical ecosystems, frequent coastal disasters, and declining fishery resources have become increasingly apparent. How to enhance the ocean economy from a strategic perspective, promote both development and protection, and ensure the rational use of coastal zones and marine resources is an important issue in the new era. Land and ocean are inseparable components of the ecosystem, and conducting a comprehensive assessment of the resource and environmental carrying capacity of land and sea is an effective way to measure whether regional economic development and ecological environment are coordinated and sustainable. This paper systematically reviews the development process of the carrying capacity concept, compares commonly used methods for evaluating the resource and environmental carrying capacity of marine resources, preliminarily constructs an index system for evaluating the carrying capacity of marine resources based on land-sea coordination, proposes the use of entropy method to determine index weights, and adopts a state space evaluation model or TOPSIS model for comprehensive carrying capacity evaluation. This approach can reflect the interdependence and mutual constraints between land and ocean, and has strong operability. The evaluation results can reflect the spatial differences or temporal changes in the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, and provide effective reference for the protection and utilization of oceans and coastal zones.

The energy saving and emission reduction transformation of thermal power enterprises can reduce the coal consumption of thermal power supply, and then effectively reduce the growth of carbon dioxide emissions, which is of great significance to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Taking a 630 MW unit as an example, the system units of four waste heat utilization schemes (low-temperature economizer scheme, secondary low-temperature economizer scheme, bypass flue scheme and turbine boiler coupling scheme) were compared, and the key technical parameters and power saving effect were compared and analyzed. Moreover, a reference for the upgrading and technical transformation of energy conservation and emission reduction in China’s power industry was put forward. The results show that the exhaust gas temperature is reduced to 90 ℃, The coal consumption rate of power supply is reduced by 1.88 g/(kW⋅h) in the low-temperature economizer scheme, 2.16 g/(kW⋅h) in the secondary low-temperature economizer scheme, 2.29 g/(kW⋅h) in the bypass flue scheme, and 2.66 g/(kW⋅h) in the turbine boiler coupling scheme.

Building emissions reduction has become a crucial pathway for China to achieve its ‘dual-carbon’ goals. As an integrated energy entity coupled with multi-energy flow networks， smart buildings face challenges such as high carbon emissions， a high degree of coupling in multi-energy flow networks， and distinct dynamic characteristics in load energy consumption behavior. In response to these challenges， a low-carbon scheduling method for multi-energy flow buildings based on deep reinforcement learning （deep RL） is proposed. Firstly， a reward and punishment ladder-type carbon emissions trading mechanism is established based on the actual carbon emissions of smart buildings. Secondly， targeting the carbon market and multi-energy flow coupling networks， a low-carbon scheduling model for multi-energy flow buildings is developed， aiming to minimize operating costs as the objective function， and the scheduling is transformed into a Markov decision process （MDP）. Subsequently， the Rainbow algorithm is employed to solve the optimal scheduling. Finally， the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimal scheduling model are verified through simulation analysis.

The inter-turn short circuit fault of wingding is a typical serious fault of the new synchronous condenser, which has a serious impact on the long-term operation of the condenser and the stability of the power grid. In order to ensure the reliable and stable operation of the new synchronous condenser, a method of online diagnosis and location of rotor inter-turn short circuit fault is proposed in this paper. Based on the distortion of the air-gap magnetic field magnetomotive force caused by fault it is deduced that the phenomenon of even harmonic circulation will occur in the same phase and double branches of the stator. Through Fourier decomposition of the branch circulation, the obvious characteristic quantity of harmonics is extracted and analyzed. It is concluded that the characteristic quantity is only related to the spatial position of the rotor where the fault is located, and has nothing to do with the number of fault turns. Therefore, this characteristic quantity can help realize fault diagnosis and location. Based on the TTS-300-2 type synchronous condenser which has been put into use on a large scale, a simulation model is established with the actual condenser in the finite element software while an experiment platform is developed with a condenser simulator for experiments. The simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of locating rotor inter turn short circuit faults through branch circulating current harmonics.

Objective To explore changes of brain structure in patients with functional movement disorder (FMD) and their correlation with disease severity. Methods Nine patients with FMD (FMD group) as well as 10 gender⁃ and age⁃matched healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited in Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, from May to October 2023, and then they underwent MRI. Simplified Functional Movement Disorder Rating Scale (S ⁃FMDRS) was used to assess movement disorder symptoms and severity. Clinical Global Impression ⁃ Severity (CGI ⁃ S) was used to evaluate disease severity. Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire ⁃ 20 (SDQ ⁃20) was used to assess body dissociation. Chinese version of Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) was used to assess childhood abuse situation. 36⁃Item Short Form of Health Survey (SF⁃36) was used to assess health status. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17 (HAMD⁃17) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression. Results Compared with the control group, the FMD group exhibited higher scores on SDQ⁃20 (Z = 2.259, P = 0.028) and Chinese version of MACE (t = ⁃ 3.570, P = 0.002) as well as HAMA (t = ⁃ 3.999, P = 0.001), while SF⁃36 scores for vitality (t = 3.091, P = 0.009) and social functioning (t = 2.275, P = 0.046) were lower in the FMD group. Cortical thickness was greater in the FMD group in the right inferior occipital gyrus and sulcus cortex (t = ⁃ 2.924, P = 0.009), right anterior cingulate gyrus and sulcus cortex (t = ⁃ 3.286, P = 0.004), right orbitofrontal cortex (t = ⁃ 2.381, P = 0.029), while thickness in the left subcallosal area (t = 2.492, P = 0.023) and left paracentral lobule gyrus and sulcus (t = 2.139, P = 0.047), as well as volume of the right cerebellar white matter (t = 2.685, P = 0.016), left cerebellar white matter (t = 2.121, P = 0.049), and the middle posterior region of the corpus callosum (t = 2.550, P = 0.021) were smaller than those of the control group. Correlation analysis revealed left cerebellar white matter were positively correlated with disease duration (r = 0.837, P = 0.038), while cortical thickness in the left subcallosal area were negatively correlated with disease duration (r = ⁃ 0.831, P = 0.040). Conclusions There are structural changes in the limbic system, sensorimotor area, visual cortex, and certain white matter regions in the brains of FMD patients, and several regions were correlated with the disease duration.

Objective To preliminarily summarize the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of functional movement disorder (FMD) based on movement disorders clinic in China. Methods and Results A total of 593 patients with movement disorders newly diagnosed in movement disorders clinic of 22 clinical medical centers from August to September in 2023 were included, including 37 patients (6.24%) with FMD and 556 patients (93.76%) with organic movement disorder. Comparison of the epidemiological characteristics of the 2 groups, the proportions of corona virus disease (COVID⁃19) infection (χ2 = 4.217, P = 0.040) and psychopsychological symptoms (χ2 = 18.694, P = 0.000) in the FMD group were higher than those in the organic movement disorder group, while age (t = 3.757, P = 0.000), age of onset (t = 3.720, P = 0.000) and proportion of hypertension (χ2 = 4.736, P = 0.030) were lower than those in the organic movement disorder group. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of the 2 groups, the FMD group had higher proportions of tremor (χ2 = 3.955, P = 0.047) and myoclonus (Fisher′s exact probability: P = 0.011) than the organic movement disorder group, and the proportions of parkinsonism (χ2 = 8.491, P = 0.004) and gait disorder (χ2 = 5.028, P = 0.025) were lower than those in the organic movement disorder group. Conclusions The age and age of onset, as well as the proportions of COVID⁃19 infection, hypertension, psychopsychological symptoms, tremor, myoclonus, parkinsonism and gait disorder with FMD were different from those with organic movement disorder in China.

As an integrated energy network with multi-energy flow interconnected， virtual power plants （VPPs） face difficulties such as high actual carbon emissions， insufficient new energy consumption capacity， complex optimization variables of multi-energy flow， and non-uniform optimization objectives. To this end， a multi-objective optimal scheduling method for virtual power plants considering carbon capture and multi-energy flow is proposed to improve the new energy consumption capacity of multi-energy flow virtual power plants and reduce carbon emissions. First， a reward and punishment ladder-type carbon trading mechanism is established based on the actual carbon emissions of the virtual power plant. Then， a dual-objective optimal scheduling model is built with the minimization of operating costs and carbon emissions as the objective function and solved by using the multi-objective salp swarm algorithm. Finally， multiple scheduling scenarios are set up to compare and analyze the performance of the multi-objective optimization algorithm. The results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimal scheduling model.

Aiming at the frequent occurrence of induced draft fan faults in thermal power units, a kind of induced draft fan fault warning method based on big data analysis was proposed.Taking the induced draft fan of a 330 MW thermal power unit as the research object, 11 kinds of characteristic information closely related to its working state were extracted. After data pretreatment, a state prediction model of the induced draft fan was established based on BP neural network, and its error met the requirements of engineering. Using distributed control system (DCS) and safety instrumentation system (SIS), a set of induced draft fan state warning system was designed, and the visual interface of this warning system was developed. When the measured value of a certain feature information exceeds the safety threshold of the predicted value of the model, the system will remind the operator to carry out maintenance and troubleshooting, so as to realize an effective early warning of the induced draft fan fault.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical application efficacy of hydroxybutyl chitosan as indocyanine green drug carrier in thoracoscopic pulmonary nodule localization. MethodsThe clinical data of 40 patients received preoperative thoracoscopic pulmonary nodule localization in Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital from January 2022 to October 2022 was retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 20 cases using hydroxybutyl chitosan drug loaded indocyanine green localization were selected as group A, while 20 cases using indocyanine green localization alone were selected as group B. The localization success rate, localization time, surgical resection time, and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. ResultsAll 20 nodules in group A were successfully localized, 2 nodules in group B failed to localize due to pleural contamination, resulting in a longer surgical resection time in group B compared to group A ［（42.30±23.75）min vs（21.25±4.39）min, t=3.898, P＜0.05］. There was no statistically significant difference in localization time, chest pain score, and incidence of complications （pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax） between two groups （P＞0.05）. There was no occurrence of hemothorax or hemoptysis in both groups. ConclusionCompared with indocyanine green alone, hydroxybutyl chitosan drug loaded indocyanine green has a higher success rate and shorter surgical resection time in pulmonary nodule localization prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, with good safety.

With the progress of science and technology and the in-depth development of the Internet, the technology of the Internet of Things has gradually penetrated every corner of our lives. The Internet of Things greatly improves the efficiency of data acquisition and processing through the interconnection and exchange of information between devices. The development of information and intelligence in physical education teaching management has received a lot of attention as an important component of the education field. The grey relational Internet of Things model is used in this article to optimize the application of sports management. On this basis, this article conducts a systematic testing and analysis of physical education teaching. By verifying and analyzing the effectiveness and correctness of the model, real-time data during the teaching process was obtained, such as student movement trajectories, exercise intensity, etc. Providing data support for optimizing the teaching process.

Digital technology has penetrated all aspects of the cultural industry and has an important role in the development of the industry that cannot be ignored. This paper takes the location entropy data of each province, region, and city from 2008 to 2022 to reflect the level of digital development of art, culture, and creative industries in each province and city, and calculates the difference in digital development of industries between provinces and regions based on entropy weight TOPSIS method. A benchmark regression model was established with the digital development level of cultural and creative industries as the explanatory variable and the application of IoT technology as the explanatory variable, and a benchmark regression analysis was carried out. The global Moran’s I index and correlation test were used to investigate how IoT technology affects the art and culture industry. Finally, the path of IoT technology in empowering the digital development of art, culture, and creative industries was investigated through group analysis. The results show that the regression results of IoT technology on the digital development of art, culture, and creative industries are significant at 1% level and the influence coefficient of this variable is 0.719. The correlation coefficient of IoT technology application and art, culture, and creative industries is 0.866 and the Spearman’s coefficient is 0.748, which indicates that IoT technology has a positive influence on art, culture, and creative industries at 1% level. The impact of digital development is positive. This study provides new ideas for the innovative development of the cultural industry in the era of the digital economy, which has certain practical significance.

In this paper, we apply FCM to data fusion and continuously iterate to create a data fusion model that achieves classification and fusion. The model has been improved to form the ARFCM data fusion model. Then, we select the evaluation indexes of urban tourism scenic spot management satisfaction and build the evaluation system of urban tourism scenic spot management satisfaction based on multiple data fusions. Finally, gender differences, age differences, importance, and other indicators of tourist satisfaction are selected to evaluate the management level of urban tourism scenic spots. The p-value of the t-test on staff service satisfaction is 0.008, the p-value of the t-test on scenic spot price satisfaction is 0.01, and the p-value of the t-test on scenic spot comprehensive service satisfaction is 0.03. This paper’s research provides strong support and a scientific basis for improving the management level of urban tourism scenic spots.

The extraction of roadways from remote sensing imagery constitutes a pivotal task, with far-reaching implications across diverse domains such as urban planning, management of transportation systems, emergency response initiatives, and environmental monitoring endeavors. Satellite images captured during daytime have customarily served as the primary resource for this extraction process. However, the emergence of Nighttime Light (NTL) remote sensing data introduces an innovative dimension to this arena. The exploration of NTL data for road extraction remains in its nascent stage, and this study seeks to bridge this gap. We present a refined U-Net model (CA U-Net) integrated with Cross-Attention Mechanisms, meticulously designed to extract roads from Yangwang-1 NTL images. This model incorporates several enhancements, thereby improving its proficiency in identifying and delineating road networks. Through extensive experimentation conducted in the urban landscape of Wenzhou City, the model delivers highly accurate results, achieving an F1 score of 84.46%. These outcomes significantly surpass the performance benchmarks set by Support Vector Machines (SVM) and the Optimal Threshold (OT) method. This promising development paves the way towards maximizing the utility of NTL data for comprehensive mapping and analysis of road networks. Furthermore, the findings underscore the potential of utilizing Yangwang-1 data as a reliable source for road extraction and reaffirm the viability of deploying deep learning frameworks for road extraction tasks utilizing NTL data.

Radiotherapy is the first treatment choice for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. With the rapid development of image-guided radiotherapy, adaptive radiotherapy (ART) has become widely available in clinical practice. ART may be implemented to monitor the anatomical or physiological variations of patients using dynamic imaging technology and feedback information during the treatment course, including geometric changes (size, shape, and position) of tumor and normal organs. ART also allows the modification of the treatment plan to accurately deliver the maximize dose to target and minimize normal tissue explosion. This review discusses the physics basis of ART and its state-of-art application and potential pitfalls.

The excavation thickness of the coal seam and the corresponding motion space of the overlying strata are so large in the fully-mechanized top coal caving face, that roof accidents are occur easily. In order to understand the mechanism of roof disasters in fully-mechanized caving working face, some cases of roof disasters in fully-mechanized caving working face are statistically analyzed. According to the roof conditions and disaster characteristics, the roof disasters in fully-mechanized caving working face are divided into two types: large-area roof cutting and support crushing for soft roof, large-area roof collapse with roof cutting and support crushing for hard roof. Taking Cuimu Mine and Caojiatan Mine as examples, the characteristics of two types of roof disasters are analyzed, and the corresponding roof disaster mechanism is presented: The roof in soft roof working face is of weak cementation. If the actual support stiffness is insufficient, the roof will break at the coal wall, and is easy to be unstable after breaking. As the same time, the insufficient support strength eventually leads to the leads to cutting and support crushing disaster of roof. The roof in hard roof working face is of good integrity and is not easy to break. When the suspended roof area is enough, the sudden breaking of roof will cause an impact on the support. If the breaking line is at the coal wall, it will easily leads to cutting and support crushing disaster of roof. Combined with engineering practice, prevention and control measures for two types of roof disaster are presented. For the soft roof working face, the measures such as reasonably improving the support stiffness, the supporting efficiency and the advancing speed of the working face, and the early warning and so on are used to prevent the occurrence of large-scale roof cutting and support crushing. For the hard roof working face, in addition to support management and rational mining design, it is necessary to improving roof conditions. For examples, the regional hydraulic fracturing technology is used to weaken the roof and prevent large-area roof collapse and support crushing disasters.

To solve the problems of small local relief range, low continuity and high operational risk of rockburst, regional hydro-fracking and burst prevention system and engineering application research were carried out within thick and hard roof of a coal seam by well over thousand meters on and under the ground. The results show that, according to the loading conditions, the roof dominated rockburst can be divided into three types: superposed dynamic and static loading type, high static loading type and high static unloading type; The thick and hard roof is the main source of regional static and dynamic loading for rock burst initiation of mining surrounding rock. With the thick and hard roof as the target, which provides the source of dynamic and static load for rock burst initiation, a segmented fracturing pressure relief system for the roof with 1000 meter horizontal holes on and under the ground was established and fracking was carried out in this area. By destroying the integrity of the overlying roof in the burst prone area in advance on and under the ground, the load is transferred to the more intact roof area, so as to provide a low stress operational environment for underground excavation and extraction, and also make the rock burst initiation conditions inapplicable. The fracking and burst control tests on the roof area using the horizontal well drilled on the ground before the extraction of the panel, and underground drilling from the entries during the extraction were carried out respectively. Remarkable results have been achieved in practice, forming a new disaster prevention and control mode of “fracking before construction” for burst prone coal mines under construction, and “fracking before tunneling, fracturing before mining” for the producing coal mines.

In order to study the change rule of coal consumption of cogeneration units under different heating load distributions in the whole working condition, and realize the goal of deep energy saving and carbon emission reduction in power plants, two 630 MW cogeneration units were taken as the research objects. The EBSILON software was used for modeling, and the different heating load distribution schemes of single and double units were studied and analyzed based on the Freuger formula and the principle of caloric method. It is found that there is a critical heating extraction steam flow point in the influence of thermoelectric load change on coal consumption of a single unit. When the heating flow is less than the critical point, the greater the electric load, the higher the thermal efficiency of the units. When the heating flow is greater than the critical point, the smaller the electrical load, the higher the thermal efficiency of the units. For two operating units, when the heating load is distributed centrally to one unit, the coal consumption of the whole plant under different working conditions is the least, and the energy saving effect is better. It is of great significance to find the best way of heat supply distribution to reduce the coal consumption of power plants, save energy and reduce emission and respond to the national “carbon neutral” policy.

The coal consumption of direct air cooling unit is higher than that of wet cooling unit, and its back pressure is easily affected by environmental factors. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the exhaust pressure characteristics of air condensing unit under variable working conditions for the safe and economic operation of the unit.The ε-NTU method was used to establish the mathematical model of the 600 MW direct air cooling unit under the condensing condition. The characteristic curves of the condenser under the condensing condition were calculated. The effects of the face wind speed, ambient temperature and exhaust flow rate on the exhaust pressure were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: When the ambient temperature is higher and the exhaust steam flow is constant, the back pressure economy is better when the head wind speed is 2.5 m/s. During the period of high temperature in summer, the exhaust steam pressure of condenser increases significantly with the increase of exhaust steam flow and the decrease of head-on wind speed. It is necessary for the unit to operate under limited load and appropriately increase the fan speed to reduce the back pressure. When the ambient temperature is low, the exhaust steam flow rate and the face wind speed have little influence on the exhaust steam pressure of the condenser, so it is necessary to take anti-freezing measures. Appropriately increasing the exhaust steam pressure of the condenser is beneficial to the safe operation of the air-cooled island.

ObjectiveTo determine the situation and challenges of innovation platforms in China， and to explore the construction strategy of Shanghai Nutrition Innovation Platform， which is suitable for Shanghai and may achieve the research and transformation of nutrition innovation and population health， so as to coordinate， unite and gather the superior resources of all parties and promote nutrition innovation.MethodsConstruction scheme and operational mechanism of Shanghai Nutrition Innovation Platform were explored by literature review， expert consultation and questionnaire.ResultsThere were various forms of innovation platforms in China. However， challenges were identified， such as decentralizing force， resource rearrangement and insufficient sharing effect. Shanghai Nutrition Innovation Platform adopted a modular organizational structure， which was divided into central group， node group， and subject group. Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention， as the central organization， is responsible for the platform operation management. The expert database as an academic committee selected key organizations from nutrition-related universities， research institutes， academic associations， centers for disease control and prevention， hospitals and the industry. Based on the opening of its own innovation resources， the platform made effective use of external innovation resources and formed a closely integrated nutrition innovation network of multiple disciplines.ConclusionThis study promotes the construction of innovation platform model of cooperation， co-construction and resource sharing， and provides reference for the construction of innovation platform in China.

In this study, electron beam irradiation technology was used to degrade torasemide in an aqueous solution. By investigating the degradation effect, its influencing factors, and degradation products, the radiation degradation characteristics and possible degradation pathways of torasemide were systematically discussed. The study demonstrated that torasemide can be effectively degraded via electron beam irradiation. The experimental results showed that the active •OH particles played a dominant role in the degradation process. The initial torasemide concentration, absorbed dose, pH of the solution, amount of H2O2 and inorganic anions (CO32-,NO2-, SO32-, SO42-) and other environmental factors influence the irradiation effect of torasemide. A higher degradation efficiency was obtained with a lower initial torasemide concentration, higher absorbed dose, and lower pH. The degradation of torasemide was promoted in the presence of SO42- and low concentrations of H2O2, while it was inhibited in the presence of CO32-,NO2-, and SO32-and high concentrations of H2O2. Finally, the degradation products were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (HPLC-QTOF), and the degradation pathways were deduced.

In this study, we report the generation of multi-wavelength light sources through enhanced four-wave-mixing processes using a straightforward and adaptable dual-frequency Brillouin fiber laser. This passive optical and nonreciprocal cavity is first tested and analyzed with long fiber lengths up to 1 km in the 1.55 μm telecommunication C band and then in the 2-μm waveband. In the latter case, we demonstrate that our fiber cavity enables efficient multiple four-wave mixings, in the continuous-wave regime, which are commonly inaccessible in long silica-fibers due to increased losses. We also report on the tunable repetition rate from tens of GHz to hundreds of GHz, by simply changing the frequency spacing between the two continuous-wave pumps. The coherence limitations of our all-fiber system are discussed, along with the impact of the dispersion regime of the nonlinear fiber that forms the cavity.

Objective: To explore the application ability of machine vision and electronic nose fusion method in fruit and vegetable maturity detection, and realize the detection of different maturity of tomato. Methods: Based on machine vision and electronic nose acquisition system, a tomato maturity detection method based on multi-source information fusion was proposed. Based on 6 color features screened by machine vision and 10 odor features screened by electronic nose, the least squares support vector machine model for tomato maturity detection was established. The feasibility of this method is verified by comparing the fusion method with single method. Results: Compared with the single detection method, the multi-source fusion method improves the accuracy of tomato maturity recognition, tomato hardness and lycopene prediction. Conclusion: The multi-source fusion method improves the detection ability of fruit and vegetable maturity to a certain extent.

As the transformer top oil temperature is affected by many factors such as weather conditions and tidal current loads,it is difficult to improve the forecasting accuracy. To solve this problem,a method of transformer top oil temperature forecasting based on similar day and similar hour is proposed,which is to further select the similar hour corresponding to each hour of the day to be forecast within the similar days,and then use the similar hour to forecast transformer top oil temperature. Firstly,K-means clustering based on meteorological factors and the principle of'near big,far small' are used to select similar days from the historical samples. On the basis of the definition and description of similar hour,the calculation steps of the oil temperature forecasting method are given by using back propagation (BP) neural network and linear weighted method,which is applied to top oil temperature forecasting of a ultra-high voltage main transformer in Jiangsu. Finally,the results show that the proposed method has high accuracy on forecasting top transformer oil temperature,which verifies its feasibility and validity.

The pseudotachylite in granulite facies granitic gneisses from the Hamm Peak, southwestern Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, occurs along the east-west-trending ductile-brittle shear zone. The characteristics of microstructure show that the pseudotachylite was formed by the frictional-melt during the rapid faulting along the paleoseismic zone. This inference is supported by the common presence of spherulites and different morphological microlites, such as skeletal, dendritic, acicular and globular in the matrix of pseudotachylite. There exist two kinds of microlite mineral assemblage. One consists mainly of hyperite and plagioclase, which developed in the northeastern part of the shear zone. The other consists of biotite, plagioclase, alkali feldspar and quartz, etc, which developed in the southwestern part of the shear zone. The occurrence of different kinds of microlite mineral assemblage indicates the differences of tectonic surrounding and stress distribution along different parts of the shear zone. Moreover, the presence of aluminous-rich hyperite may indicates the relatively high temperature and high pressure in the ambient physical condition during the pseudotachylite formation and crystallization afterwards, i.e., under the granulite facies conditions. The K-Ar age of bulk matrix of pseudotachylite is 878.1±16.8 Ma. Bulk 40Ar/39Ar step-heating release spectrum gave the varying ages mainly from 925 to 626 Ma. Combined with the regional comparison, we conclude that the pseudotachylite formed during the Grenvillian tectonic events.

Objective To investigate the correlation between cyclin G1 expression and the efficacy of radiotherapy on HCC. Methods The expression of cyclin G1 in biopsy specimens of 68 patients who received radiotherapy was detected by immunochemistry. The correlation between cyclin G1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed by chi-square test. The correlation between cyclin G1 expression and OS or PFS was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for the relation between clinicopathological characteristics and OS or PFS. Results The expression of cyclin G1 was related to portal vein tumor embolus, clinical stage and alpha fetoprotein. Survival analysis showed that the OS and PFS of patients with low expression of cyclin G1 were significantly higher than those with high cyclin G1 expression (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that cyclin G1 was an independent risk factor for DFS of patients with HCC. Conclusion High expression of cyclin G1 is an adverse prognostic factor for HCC patients who received radiotherapy.

With the increasing application of plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in precision agriculture, the numerical simulation methods for the development of the downwash flow field of the plant protection UAV and the deposition and drift process of droplets affected by the downwash flow field have achieved rapid and diversified development, but the advantages, disadvantages, scope of application, and verification of each method still lack a systematic review. This article discusses the inviscid model, computational fluid dynamics model and lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) respectively. The advantage of the inviscid wake vortex model based on the vortex element method is that the calculation process is simple. Moreover, integrated with the most widely used aerial spray drift prediction software AGricultural DISPersal (AGDISP), it can be a promising way to do real-time UAV spray drift prediction. But due to lack of viscosity and turbulence models, the droplet deposition and drift simulation accuracy of inviscid model is relatively lower than other models. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model includes the finite volume method (FVM) and the finite difference method (FDM). The FVM in the computational fluid dynamics model has high robustness and can be applied to the simulation of various complex environments. Many commercial CFD software are based on FVM and achieved a fast development in aerial spray modeling recently. However, the FVM is greatly affected by the quality of the mesh, and its commonly used upwind style has limited accuracy (second-order accuracy). Under the same mesh density, it is easier to generate artificial dissipation when simulating the rotor tip vortex than the finite difference method. As a result, the simulated rotor tip vortex dissipation speed is much faster than the actual situation. Compared with the FVM, the structured grid used in the FDM is easier to construct a high-order precision numerical format. Which can reach 4-5 orders of accuracy, and with adaptive grid technology, FDM can simulate the evolution of rotor tip vortex with high temporal and spatial accuracy, and can reproduce the typical flow structure development process of the real rotor downwash flow field. However, it also has problems such as high grid structure requirements and excessive computing power requirements. LBM has advantages in computing three-dimensional flow field problems with complex boundary conditions and non-stationary moving objects. However, there are still shortcomings in its functional diversity and completeness. The accuracy of the numerical models mentioned above still needs field test and indoor experiment such as high-speed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)/ Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI) method to verify and optimize. The authors finally pointed out the future direction of plant protection UAV application simulation and verification.

Aiming at the safety problem of high gas emission in 2303 fully mechanized caving face of Cuijiagou Coal Mine, the evolution law of “three zons” in goaf is studied by using physical similarity simulation and UDEC numerical simulation experiment on the basis of analyzing the failure characteristics of overlying rock in fully mechanized caving mining of extra thick coal seam. The mathematical model of mining fracture elliptical paraboloid zone is established, the favorable area of overburden fracture gas extraction is determined, and the gas extraction scheme of low-medium-high drilling phase combination is proposed, and the engineering application is carried out. The results show that the height of the 2303 fully mechanized caving face is 33 m, the fracture zone height is 110 m, the range below 55 m of the coal seam floor and the outer elliptical set is the favorable area of gas extraction, and the gas concentration in the upper corner is less than 0.6% through the implementation of the low-medium-high drilling extraction scheme. The gas concentration in the return lane is less than 0.5%, which effectively guarantees the safe and efficient recovery of the working face.

To improve the accuracy of emergency warnings of coal mine internal fire, a new coal mine internal fire safety evaluation method combining AHP with objective, neutral reference was put forward. According to the mechanism of internal fire, an evaluation index system and an evaluation hierarchy model were established, and a percentage scoring rule was set to score the underlying influencing factors. The lower the score, the greater the risk of internal fire. Combining the score of a single item with the weight of a single item, the overall score of coal mine internal fire in different periods was obtained, and the risk degree of coal mine internal fire was quantitatively expressed.

This study investigated the effects of blue and red light on metabolites of nitrate, key enzymes, and the gene expression of key enzymes in pakchoi plants (Brassica campestris L. var. Suzhouqing). Plants were grown under three light quality treatments, namely, white light (W), red light (R) and blue light (B), at the same photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of approximately 150 μmol m-2 s-1 for 48 hours of continuous illumination, and W was set as the control. The dynamics of net photosynthetic rate in pakchoi subjected to different light treatments were the same as the total chlorophyll contents: blue light > white light > red light. The nitrate reductase (NR) activity, nitrite reductase (NiR) activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity were highest under blue light. Further, the expression levels of NR, NiR and GS genes were significantly higher under blue light. Under continuous illumination, the auxin content (IAA) in pakchoi leaves was highest under blue light, whereas the abscisic acid (ABA) content was highest under red light. In contrast, there was no significant effect for gibberellin (GA) under any type of light treatment.

An important part of the iron-and-steel production process, converter steelmaking is the most widely used and efficient method of steelmaking in the world. Under the requirements of"China Manufacturing 2025, "ensuring intelligent steelmaking, improving smelting production efficiency, and reducing production cost are major concerns that should be addressed urgently in converter steelmaking. Owing to the complex thermodynamic and dynamic reactions in the converter smelting process, sublance control and traditional flue-gas analysis models have limitations that result in low prediction accuracy of the end-point carbon in converter smelting, thereby causing the main technical bottleneck in intelligent steelmaking. Therefore, a functional digital twin model of the steelmaking process based on flue-gas analysis was proposed. First, continuously monitored real-time data were obtained by flue gas analysis to observe the carbon and oxygen reaction state of molten steel in the converter. Then, according to various stages of the converter reaction, the functional data analysis method was used to establish the functional prediction models for the early and late stages of blowing. The greatest advantage of the method is that the model can automatically adjust the coefficient function according to the measured off-gas data by using a continuous functional curve to fit the complex dynamic reaction process. Therefore, the proposed model can accurately predict not only the normal smelting process but also the decarburization and carbon drawing process for the secondary scraping slag. An industrial experiment on a 260 t converter was conducted to prove that the functional digital twin model of the converter smelting process has good self-learning and self-adaptive ability and is robust to the abnormal smelting state. Furthermore, the model can predict the carbon content of the converter dynamically in the entire process and the end-point carbon content can reach 95% at ± 0. 02%. Using the predicted value of the carbon content to control the final blowing point through the functional digital twin model can effectively prevent overblowing or underblowing. More importantly, on the premise of guaranteeing the stability of raw material composition, temperature, weight, and other parameters, the model is expected to cancel the blown-off sampling step based on sublance. This feature can reduce the production cost while improving the product quality and production efficiency for a wide range of industrial applications.

The hydrodynamic problem of a two-dimensional wedge entering into a nonlinear wave in three degrees of freedom is investigated based on the incompressible velocity potential theory. The problem is solved through the boundary element method in the time domain. To avoid numerical difficulties due to an extremely small contact area at the initial stage, a stretched coordinate system is used based on the ratio of the Cartesian system in the physical space to the distance travelled by the wedge in the vertical direction. The mutual dependence of body motion and wave loading is decoupled by using the auxiliary function method. Detailed results about body accelerations, velocities and displacements at different Froude numbers or different waves are provided, and the mutual effect between body motion and wave loading is analysed in depth.

The interplay of topology, magnetism, and correlations gives rise to intriguing phases of matter. In this study, through state-of-the-art angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, density functional theory, and dynamical mean-field theory calculations, we visualize a fourfold degenerate Dirac nodal line at the boundary of the bulk Brillouin zone in the antiferromagnet YMn2Ge2. We further demonstrate that this gapless, antiferromagnetic Dirac nodal line is enforced by the combination of magnetism, space-time inversion symmetry, and nonsymmorphic lattice symmetry. The corresponding drumhead surface states traverse the whole surface Brillouin zone. YMn2Ge2 thus serves as a platform to exhibit the interplay of multiple degenerate nodal physics and antiferromagnetism. Interestingly, the magnetic nodal line displays a d-orbital dependent renormalization along its trajectory in momentum space, thereby manifesting Hund's coupling. Our findings offer insights into the effect of electronic correlations on magnetic Dirac nodal lines, leading to an antiferromagnetic Hund nodal line.