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The study deals with the problems of the history of the formation of the religious style of the Russian language. The article carried out a comprehensive linguistic analysis of the substances of religious semantics into -nitsa, registered in civil media dictionaries of the XVIII century. It was established that the nouns of religious semantics into -nitsa form a special layer of specific vocabulary with personal and non-personal meanings in the dictionary system of the religious style of the Russian language of the XVIII century. It is shown that the substances of religious semantics on the -nitsa are characterized by a system of complex word-forming relations and for the most part are monosemantic specific names that identify female persons by position, performed by professional functions or by action.

Objective/context: This article analyzes testimonies of religious and military men, produced between 1770 and 1812, which give an account of Chumash, Juaneño and Yuma indigenous men of Alta California who were in the habit of dressing as women and joining them in the tasks corresponding to the feminine roles in these societies. The documents analyzed include two military diaries on the exploration expeditions and three chronicles of Franciscans who, starting in 1769, were in charge of founding missions in this area. Methodology: Through a gender perspective analysis, we examine the terms and categories used in the sources to describe and give meaning to the sexual roles and practices of the Coyas/Joyas, Cuút or Uluqi. Originality: The few works dedicated to the analysis of California Indians “in the habit of women” have focused on the missionary discourse or on the denunciation of the supposed “extermination” of dissident sexual practices. This paper argues that while the testimonies unanimously condemned these practices, they differed in the categories used to name and classify them and, thus, in the meaning attributed to them, which resulted in different legal and theological implications. Conclusions: The existence of men who dressed as women persisted, according to the sources analyzed, until the beginning of the 19th century in the region from the Gila and Colorado rivers to the Santa Barbara canal in northwestern New Spain. The categories of sodomy, amaricados or hermaphrodites, and male-female were understood under the single-sex model. And, although by the end of the eighteenth century, the principles of modern legal medicine were beginning to change, the meaning given to the Coyas/Joyas was linked to the justification of the advances or difficulties of colonization rather than to the scientific debates of the time

Objective/context: This article analyzes testimonies of religious and military men, produced between 1770 and 1812, which give an account of Chumash, Juaneño and Yuma indigenous men of Alta California who were in the habit of dressing as women and joining them in the tasks corresponding to the feminine roles in these societies. The documents analyzed include two military diaries on the exploration expeditions and three chronicles of Franciscans who, starting in 1769, were in charge of founding missions in this area. Methodology: Through a gender perspective analysis, we examine the terms and categories used in the sources to describe and give meaning to the sexual roles and practices of the Coyas/Joyas, Cuút or Uluqi. Originality: The few works dedicated to the analysis of California Indians "in the habit of women" have focused on the missionary discourse or on the denunciation of the supposed "extermination" of dissident sexual practices. This paper argues that while the testimonies unanimously condemned these practices, they differed in the categories used to name and classify them and, thus, in the meaning attributed to them, which resulted in different legal and theological implications. Conclusions: The existence of men who dressed as women persisted, according to the sources analyzed, until the beginning of the 19th century in the region from the Gila and Colorado rivers to the Santa Barbara canal in northwestern New Spain. The categories of sodomy, amaricados or hermaphrodites, and male-female were understood under the single-sex model. And, although by the end of the eighteenth century, the principles of modern legal medicine were beginning to change, the meaning given to the Coyas/Joyas was linked to the justification of the advances or difficulties of colonization rather than to the scientific debates of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Hidalguía is the property of Revista Hidalguia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When we think about the Amazon forest as a space for studies and reflections, we commonly dialogue about current extractive activities. Although such debates are essential, it is important to remember that exploratory practices in the Amazon are much older and more tragic than they seem at first glance. Throughout this article, we will present the process of exploitation and extinction of one of the species that most translates what was the derogatory and colonizing extraction of the current Brazilian Amazon. Popularly known as pau-cravo and found in abundance during the 18th century, Dicypellium caryophyllaceum is currently on the list of Brazilian endangered species. Our intention, with this study, is to understand the immense impact that Portuguese colonization had on the Amazon rainforest since the 18th century. For this, we have a series of records from the period that reveal the history of this exploration. Letters, treaties, travelers' reports and official documents are some of our sources. Beside them, several bibliographical references help us understand how and why the "land spices" reached such high values and moved the Old World market so much. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos Dieciochistas is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Hidalguía is the property of Revista Hidalguia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper features the results on the issues of existence and functioning of the Tara Distance of the Novo-Ishim (Presnogorkovskaya) defensive line of the XVIII century on the territory of the modern Omsk region. The purpose of the work is to summarize the results of comprehensive studies of a part of the Siberian fortified lines of the XVIII century. To achieve this purpose, the authors set and solved the following tasks: the study and systematization of already available data about the Tara Distance of the Novo-Ishim defensive line according to archival and published materials; field archaeological works on the search, fixation and determination of the borders of Tara Distance fortifications as archaeological sites; setting the identified cultural heritage objects on the state protection.

This study deals with description of the furnace structure, studied during archaeological work on the territory of the upper part of one of the oldest towns in Siberia – Tobolsk (founded in 1587). Stratigraphic surveys together with a numismatic collection allowed the authors to date the revealed heating structure to the second half of the XVIII century. It was established that the furnace was built at the bottom of the cellar; its base was a frame of scaffolds, on which the brickwork was made (the reuse of bricks from pulled down furnaces was recorded). The studied part of the furnace base has been preserved to a height of 1 m; the maximum studied dimensions are 170×160 cm. Based on the analysis of the masonry, the furnace found to be rectangular in shape. It was decorated with tiles. The authors believe that the studied furnace design is not typical for Tobolsk of the second half of the XVIII century. It was in the house of a wealthy citizen.

The article deals with the history of religious style formation in the Russian language. In the article carried out a comprehensive linguistic analysis of the names of nouns of religious semantics on -nik, recorded in the XVIII century Russian lexicographic works of civil press, which provide detailed representation of confessional vocabulary. The relevance of the study is due to the absence to date of special linguistic studies related to the study of the names of nouns of religious semantics on -nik, as well as functional significance of this class of words for the formation of religious style of the Russian language of the XVIII century. The work used methods of stylistic, morpheme-word-forming, grammatical, thematic, etymological and definition analysis, as well as the method of semantic field and statistical one. In the course of the study, the word-forming and semantic features of religious entities on the -nik were analyzed, their lexical and grammatical categories and thematic groups were described, within these groups neoplasms of the XVIII century were identified. It has been established that substance religionists are characterized by a system of complex word-forming relations, correlating with derogatory or verbal basic foundations, and for the most part are monosemantic specific names denoting male persons. It is shown that derivatives on the -nik having a verbal base as a basic base are mainly designated persons by action or professional functions performed, and derivatives with a basic base are called persons by rank, position or characteristic, and also indicate an object having a certain purpose. It is noted that the nouns of religious semantics in -nik firmly took their place in the lexical system of the religious style of the Russian language of the XVIII century, forming in it a special layer of a specific confessional vocabulary.

This article analyses the role played by privateer companies in the Caribbean Sea in the 18th century. Through the actions of their companies, we can appreciate the articulation of regional Caribbean trade in a scenario of imperial struggles and conflicts for the control of American trade. We analyze Spanish corsair actions after the decline of the Commercial Monopoly following the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the role of the Royal Board of Fortifications and its work in the consolidation of Cádiz as a paradigm of an Atlantic city during the period 1727-1800. Likewise, it also explores the planning, design and fortifications built during this period, highlighting the performance of the Royal Corps of Engineers in the configuration, growth, and consolidation of Cádiz as one of the most significant political and military nodes of the Spanish Monarchy during the century XVIII. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work deals with the project that in the second half of the eighteenth century sought to give the Royal Chancellery of Granada a General Archive of Finished and Suspended Lawsuits modelled on that existing in Valladolid. It is a project that failed because of the flawed proposals, its costs and opposition from the public notaries Chamber of Granada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the second half of the 18th century, the South Atlantic became a space of conflict as the interests of the great European powers converged. In response, the Spanish Crown, through the Armada, carried out numerous expeditions, such as that of Antonio de Córdoba, which provided first-rate information on routes, resources, and settlers. These descriptions of the "others" made it possible to advance ethnographic differentiation and rethink anthropological interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the eighteenth century, during the context of imperial rivalries, the circulation of information became a crucial element for success in warfare and politics. This article argues that the adaptability of postal communication systems played an essential role in military and political decision-making in a Caribbean space characterized by its dynamism and connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The town council of Durango, Nueva Vizcaya, has been little studied. Especially in the modern period. This work intends to begin to fill those gaps in the history of the town by making a study of the ordinary mayors, the aldermen, and some other officials of the town council. The article shows the situation they lived in before and during the transition that took place with the application of the Bourbon reforms. Thus, allows us to approach, in a brief way, to the local figures of power in the capital and in some towns of the intendancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of AIS: Ars Iuris Salmanticensis is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Turcology Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is a first attempt at a holistic analysis of the issue of the scale of information transfer between European royal courts and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the first half of the 18th century. Handwritten newspapers were – apart from correspondence – one of the most important sources of information and opinion-forming tools in the 18th century. The presented research results are the effect of source queries conducted in the Central Archives of Historical Records, the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kórnik, the National Archives in Krakow, the Library of the National Ossoliński Institute in Wrocław, the Central State Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv, the National Historical Archives of Belarus in Minsk, and Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden. The preserved archival materials provide an opportunity to conduct unique research concerning the scale of information dissemination in 18th-century Europe, as well as to show particularly interesting topics and issues shaping the information policy of the day. The presented analysis not only reveals the scale of information dissemination, but also allows for conclusions concerning the significance and popularity of specific messages. The preserved source material makes it possible to identify the characteristics of information policy formation in relation to the realities of that era’s society, but also serves as an excellent source for researching its mentality. Reports presented in handwritten newspapers are also an excellent source for an analysis of the scale of information dissemination in 18th-century Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When working with a particular monument, a comprehensive approach is necessary – it is advisable to carry out not only conservation and restoration work, but also to conduct scientific research on the biography of this monument in order to give a correct idea of its features, to assess its historical and artistic significance. This article examines the image of the Great Martyr Catherine on an icon of the XVIII century with an unconventional version of iconography for this saint. First of all, the conservation and restoration measures carried out for the preservation of the monument are described. Further, the possible reasons that could influence the creation of the image of St. Catherine on this icon are investigated, which is the purpose of the study. To fulfill it, the analysis of the influence of the reign of Empress Catherine II on the expansion of veneration, as well as the creation of images of the Great Martyr Catherine, is carried out.

Copyright of Revista Maracanan is the property of Revista Maracanan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Article deals with some common theoretical questions and theories regarding the Ottoman Empire as an interesting matter to prove them right or wrong, and how they work on particular historical material. For such reasons several key theories will be used: modernization theory, world-system analysis, divergence theory, historical sociology, class struggle theory, another point of view is Ray Dalio's concept of "big curve" and economic cycles theory, depicted in Clement Juglar, Tugan-Baranovsky and Nikolai Kondratiev works along with Oded Lagor's theory of unified growth. Author tries to imply how these theories explain or could explain the magistral way of development in the XVIII century and how Ottoman history is comparable to other states. Main results are next: from modernization theory prospects Ottomans faced couple short periods of what we can call modernization (improvement or reestablishing institutions and the way they perform their strict duties) during the "Tulip Era" (1703-1730), during major confrontations with European powers (1750-1770) and by the beginning or reign of Selim III from 1789. All those endeavors were different in spheres. lasting and methods, but pursuing one goal - to emulate European experience using Islamic and strictly Ottoman background - creating a well-organized state, able to withstand Europe. Due to world-system analysis in the XVIII century Ottoman Empire inadvertently lost its superpower status, diminishing to regional power. Also, they shifted from semi-periphery to periphery, a process which has been proceeding for all of the XVIII century and ended in 1839. From a sociological point of view, Ottoman society began to polarize - both in territorial and functional ways. Territorial - local elites began to grow in wealth and question central government power, creating local myths, dealing with non-Muslim and tribal minorities. Functional - due to absence of large-scale industrial manufacturing and consequently absence of middle class in European view, Ottoman trading elites profited as mediators for Europeans and consequently didn't grow as "Third power" to provide pressure on their government. Ray Dalio's "big curve" concept was chosen due to its nearly absence in current research, and it is shown that it is too abstract and uses non-qualified criteria to make any probable conclusion, whether state is fine or on the verge of collapse. Economic activity cycles concept shows that Ottomans situated in the wholesale trend of the XVIII century - diminishing prices for grain and rising activity in the credit sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies (OMAD) / Osmanlı Mirası Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Historía da Sociedade e da Cultura is the property of Revista de Historia da Sociedade e da Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the history of religious style formation in the Russian language. In the article in the lexico-grammatical and semantic aspects, the names of nouns of religious semantics on -nie are considered, recorded in the XVIII century Russian lexicographic works of civil press, which provide detailed representation of confessional vocabulary: The Church Dictionary by archpriest Peter Alekseev (1773–1794), The Short Slavic Dictionary by abbot Evgeny (Romanov) (1784) and The Dictionary of the Russian Academy (1789–1794). The relevance of the study is due to the absence to date of special linguistic studies related to the study of the names of nouns of religious semantics on -nie, as well as functional significance of this class of words for the formation of religious style of the Russian language of the XVIII century. The work used methods of stylistic, grammatical, thematic, etymological analysis, as well as methods of semantic field and component analysis of dictionary definitions. In the course of the study, the semantic features of religionyms-substances on -nie were described, their lexico-grammatical categories and thematic groups were described, within the framework of these groups neoplasms of the 18th century were revealed. It is shown that the names of nouns of religious semantics on -nie firmly took their place in the lexical system of the religious style of the Russian language of the XVIII century, expressing both specific and non-specific (abstract and collective) lexico-grammatical meanings. It has been established that most of the derivatives considered belong to the lexico-grammatical category of abstract names denoting an abstract positive or negative action in spiritual and moral terms. At the same time, it was noted that the semantics of the names of nouns of religious semantics on -nie in the Russian language of the XVIII century was in a state of its active formation, characterized in most cases by complexity, which is manifested in the presence of several partial not only homogeneous, but also heterogeneous types of lexico-semantic meanings.

The article discussesthe project aboutthemedals of Francesco Algarotti. In his «Essay on Russian History in Medals», Algarotti proposed to perpetuate important events in the history of Russia in medals, thus noting the periods of the reign of Peter I, Anna Ioannovna, Elizabeth Petrovna, Catherine II. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that Algarotti’s essay contributed to the creation of an objective image of Russia in the eyes of the enlightened part of Europeans and strengthened the prestige of Russia as a power.

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Introduction. The XVIII century is an important stage in the history of the development of Russian pedagogy, when a new type of pedagogical thinking was created under the influence of the ideas of enlightenment and humanism that came to Russia from Europe. An important role in this process was played by translated Western European works, which were actively studied by representatives of the nobility. It was these writings that significantly influenced the formation of new ideas about the process of raising children in families of the noble estate.Materials and Methods. When writing the work, the following methods were used: the method of logical analysis of general scientific literature and primary sources, system-structural analysis, methods of generalization and systematization, the method of comparative historical analysis, the method of interpretation and semantic reconstruction of historical and pedagogical sources.Results. The paper analyzed 19 translated Western European works created in the XVIII century, addressed both to the issues of raising children in the family, and to young readers and their mentors to improve the process of social and home education. In the works of the authors, educational ideas were expressed that corresponded to the ideas of the need for humanistic enlightened mentoring in relation to children in the family.Discussion and Conclusions. Translated Western European pedagogical works of the XVIII century proclaimed the following principles of family education: they affirmed the need to organize child-parent interaction on the basis of humanism and faith in the success of the educational influence of parents on the child's personality; they understood education as a sure means not only to create a perfect child's personality, but also to achieve perfection and happiness on earth on this basis by mankind; they pointed out the need for a harmonious combination of different types of education; justified the idea of the need to create the same conditions for the upbringing of girls and boys in the family, respect for the personality of a growing person.

Copyright of Revista Hidalguía is the property of Revista Hidalguia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyses the history of the Ginori porcelain manufactory, from its foundation owing to the entrepreneurial effort of the marquis Carlo Ginori in the 1730s to the merger with the 'Società Ceramica Richard' in 1896. The aristocratic entrepreneurship marked the manufactory with some atypical traits in accountancy, administration, succession, and strategic decisions that persisted for all the century and a half during which it remained in the hands of the Ginori family. The history of the Ginori manufactory so highlights a kind of entrepreneurship neglected by historiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article presents the result of the investigation on the hegemony of the form of translation known as belles infidèles created in the 17th century) throughout the 18th century in France. To this end, three researches were consulted in the areas of Historiography of Translation, Philosophy and Literature, all dealing with the translational thought of the period. Of the three, only the last centered its analysis on the belles infidèles. The search in Translation Historiography considers that the eighteenth century had several ideas about translation present in different media, which allows researchers multiple gateways to eighteenth-century translation thinking. Philosophical research, on the other hand, observes that there was a predominant translation theory in the period, based on the philosophical principles of Port Royal Grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the formation of artistic historiosophy in the Russian literature of the 18th century. The main attention in the study is focused on the odic works of M.V. Lomonosov. The research proves that Lomonosov in his odes used not only constant historiosophemes and ideologemes obtained from the general fund of philosophical, historical and political knowledge of his time, but also his own historiosophemes. The analysis of the two insufficiently studied M.V. Lomonosov's works – "… on Accession to the Throne and for the New Year 1762" and "… for the New Year 1764" – proves that the individualized historiosophic concept was developed in them. The circle of Lomonosov‘s main historiosophic ideas is revealed, for example, summing up of reigning, prosperity of Russia under the power of the House of Romanovs, "golden times", the dying and reviving god and generally useful work for the benefit of Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses an 18th-century educational instruction titled Mother's Teachings for a Daughter Who Is to Be Married, written in 1755 by Barbara Sanguszko née Dunin, and found among handwritten archival documents. The document is a unique and exceptionally interesting source which broadens the current knowledge on women's educational schemes. The analysis of the source has been set in a wide historical context with a particular emphasis on the reality of women's education in the 18th century. Changing moral and cultural reality and women's position in the 18th-century Commonwealth has a special significance. The existence of specific personal and moral patterns, as well as the problem of shaping a specific line of educating women, should be particularly stressed. An educational instruction had an actual impact on models of behaviour and defining woman's role in family and society. Preserved source materials let us learn the ways of shaping women's attitudes and the rules of their coexistence in marital, familiar, and social relations. The document is also a great source to study the mechanisms which directly impacted society's perception of women's role and position in the 18th century. The analysis of the preserved source materials provides European historiography with new observations based on the studies on former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research was based on previously unpublished financial documents of the Solikamsk and Kungursk provincial archives. The research featured income from fishing lease in the Kama River Area in 1720-1780. The geographic features of the region determined the distribution of fishing areas. The role of provincial offices (voivodships) in collecting fishing leases in this territory is new to historiography, as well as the issue of the fishing quota and the lease volume. The author made an attempt to estimate the size of revenues from the fishing industry for the population of the Kama region in the XVIII century. The low fees revealed that the fish lease played a minor role in the general structure of tax revenues. The study of various financial documents made it possible to describe the local fishing industry, the amount of fishing fees, and the social structure of leasers, who were free peasants and factory workers. As a rule, the rent hardly changed during the period and rarely exceeded 1 ruble for a fishing area per year.

The article deals with the perception by the British ambassadors of the son of Empress Catherine II – Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich. In historical literature, this issue has not previously been the subject of special research. The author emphasizes that the future heir to the Russian throne was far from idle interest for the ruling circles of Great Britain, and therefore the ambassadors carefully watched his behavior, as well as the people around him, especially those who could influence him. Diplomats paid special attention to the character, education, personal life of the Grand Duke, and his relationship with the Empress. Although the opinions of the ambassadors were not always objective, they greatly complement and expand the views of our contemporaries about Emperor Paul I when he was Grand Duke.

This article discusses the construction of regional identities in the colonial society of Portuguese America. Through the analysis of the discursive value of Portuguese-Brazilian chronicles made throughout the 18th century, we seek to outline such a panorama and the plans for integrating Brazil to Portugal in these narratives. Also noteworthy are the local genealogical inventions in the face of the socio-racial miscegenation of this historical formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article reflects on the shortage of studies concerning music-composing women in the 18th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and focuses on one unique figure among those female musicians – Maria Antonia Walpurgis, an aristocrat of Polish descent, who demonstrated versatile talents. Thoroughly educated in her childhood, she was a poet, composer, singer, and director of her own stage works. This paper discusses the aristocratic artist’s most important experiences and achievements in the field of music, as well as analysing her earliest surviving work, the cycle of 6 Arias for Soprano, Strings and Basso Continuo (1747), which Walpurgis may well have performed herself. The arias have been preserved in a manuscript kept at the Sächsische Landesbibliothek in Dresden, shelf mark Mus.3119-F-11. My analysis assesses their style and aesthetic.

Copyright of Grafía is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Stéphanie Félicité de Genlis introduced the Spanish people to educational debates which already existed in France an which were gradually beginning to arise in Spain. The pedagogical obsession of the Spanish enlightenment scholars provoked a veritable avalanche of texts aimed at the education and schooling of women throughout the XVIII century, especially in the middle of the century. From this perspective, the works from this French author became recommended reading for Spanish women of this era. The moral objective of these writings sought to occupy idle moments and instruct women in their duties as a good wife, mother and educator. Stéphanie Félicité de Genlis fit connaître au public espagnol les débats éducatifs qui avaient lieu en France et qui commençaient à se développer peu à peu en Espagne. L’obsession pédagogique des intellectuels des Lumières espagnoles provoqua pendant tout le XVIIIe siècle une véritable avalanche de textes destinés à la formation et à l’instruction féminine surtout vers le milieu du siècle. Dans cette perspective, les œuvres de l’auteure française devinrent une lecture recommandable pour la femme espagnole de l’époque. Ces lectures poursuivaient l’objectif moral qui avait pour but d’occuper les moments d’oisiveté et d’instruire les femmes dans leurs devoirs de bonne épouse et de bonne mère éducatrice.

In the article author, based on the created database, which includes various information about 838 members of the lobby, analyses the quantity, composition and changes in the structure of the lobby of the English East India Company in British Parliament from the end of the seven-year war to the abolition of its monopoly in 1813. Methods of statistical analysis and sample processing used to obtain the result. The author concludes that the companyʼs lobby, depending on the level of its memberʼs involvement of into its affairs, can be divided into 4 main group. The article also analyzes the quantitative results of voting by members of the lobby on a wide range of issues discussed in the British Parliament during the designated period. It revealed that the greatest activity and quantity of East India Companyʼs lobby in the British Parliament observed in the late 1760s – first half of 1780s. However, the Company and its lobby nevertheless did not have sufficient influence to fully broadcast and defend their interests in the Parliament of Great Britain. Moreover, in most cases, members of the lobby, in particular the former stockholders of the Company, held positions opposing the active Ministries.