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Objective: To investigate the effect of fast-track surgery on emotions, pain, and length of hospital stay during the preoperative period for thyroid disease. Study design and methods: From June 2020 to September 2020, 43 patients who received routine perioperative nursing for thyroid disease in Ganzhou People’s Hospital were retrospectively included as a control group, and 51 patients who received nursing care on the basis of fast-track surgery strategy from June 2020 to September 2020 in Ganzhou People’s Hospital were retrospectively included as an experimental group. Time spent out of bed, length of hospital stay, medical expenses, and time of indwelling catheter use were compared between the two groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the variations in intensity of pain postoperatively. The incidence of adverse reactions was recorded and compared. The risk factors affecting complications in patients undergoing surgery for thyroid disease were evaluated. Results: Patients in the experimental group had shorter time spent out of bed, shorter length of hospital stay, less medical expenses, and shorter time of indwelling catheter use than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The experimental group exhibited lower VAS scores than control group at 3 to 5 days after surgery (both P < 0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that gender, reoperation, intraoperative blood loss, and the use of recurrent laryngeal nerve detector were single factors affecting perioperative complications, while Logistic regression analysis showed that reoperation, intraoperative blood loss and the use of recurrent laryngeal nerve detector were highly correlated with perioperative complications (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Fast-track surgery can significantly accelerate the rehabilitation of patients, alleviate postoperative pain and adverse emotions, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in patients with thyroid disease, which has positive significance to improve the prognosis of patients, and thus it is recommended for clinical promotion.

Cloud changes and their attribution under global warming still remains a challenge in climatic change studies, especially in decomposing the fast and slow cloud responses to anthropogenic forcing. In this study, the responses of global cloud cover to the quadrupled CO2 forcing are investigated quantitatively by decomposing the total response into fast and slow ones using the multi-model data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). During the quasi-equilibrium period after the quadrupling of CO2 forcing, the global mean changes of simulated total cloud cover (TCC) in the total, fast, and slow responses are −2.42%, −0.64%, and −1.78%, respectively. Overall, the slow response dominates the total response in most regions over the globe with similar spatial patterns. TCC decreases at middle and low latitudes but increases at high latitudes in the total and slow responses. Whereas, it mainly decreases in the middle and low latitudes of the southern hemisphere as well as in the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere in the fast response. A change in vertical motion is the major contributor to the cloud cover change at middle and low latitudes, while the decrease in upper atmospheric temperature leads to an increase in high cloud cover at high latitudes. In addition, the anomaly in water vapor convergence/diffusion also contributes to the cloud cover increase/decrease at low latitudes.

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) is an important G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that regulates a variety of functions by binding to ghrelin. It has been shown that the dimerization of GHS-R1a with other receptors also affects ingestion, energy metabolism, learning and memory. Dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R) is a GPCR mainly distributed in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), substantia nigra (SN), striatum and other brain regions. In this study we investigated the existence and function of GHS-R1a/D2R heterodimers in nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD) models in vitro and in vivo. By conducting immunofluorescence staining, FRET and BRET analyses, we confirmed that GHS-R1a and D2R could form heterodimers in PC-12 cells and in the nigral dopaminergic neurons of wild-type mice. This process was inhibited by MPP+ or MPTP treatment. Application of QNP (10 μM) alone significantly increased the viability of MPP+-treated PC-12 cells, and administration of quinpirole (QNP, 1 mg/kg, i.p. once before and twice after MPTP injection) significantly alleviated motor deficits in MPTP-induced PD mice model; the beneficial effects of QNP were abolished by GHS-R1a knockdown. We revealed that the GHS-R1a/D2R heterodimers could increase the protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in the SN of MPTP-induced PD mice model through the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway, ultimately promoting dopamine synthesis and release. These results demonstrate a protective role for GHS-R1a/D2R heterodimers in dopaminergic neurons, providing evidence for the involvement of GHS-R1a in PD pathogenesis independent of ghrelin.