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12. RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase gene TaAIRP2-1B controls spike length in wheat.

Author

Zhang, Jialing, Li, Chaonan, Li, Long, Xi, Yajun, Wang, Jingyi, Mao, Xinguo, and Jing, Ruilian

Subjects
UBIQUITINATION, UBIQUITIN ligases, WHEAT breeding, WHEAT, HAPLOTYPES, GERMPLASM, GENES
Abstract

E3 ubiquitin ligase genes play important roles in the regulation of plant development. They have been well studied in plants, but have not been sufficiently investigated in wheat. Here, we identified a highly expressed RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase gene TaAIRP2-1B (ABA-insensitive RING protein 2) in wheat spike. Sequence polymorphism and association analysis showed that TaAIRP2 - 1B is significantly associated with spike length under various conditions. The genotype with haplotype Hap -1B-1 of TaAIRP2 - 1B has a longer spike than that of Hap -1B-2, and was positively selected in the process of wheat breeding in China. Moreover, the TaAIRP2-1B -overexpressing rice lines have longer panicles compared with wild-type plants. The expression levels of TaAIRP2-1B in Hap -1B-1 accessions were higher than in Hap -1B-2 accessions. Further study revealed that the expression of TaAIRP2-1B was negatively regulated by TaERF3 (ethylene-responsive factor 3) via binding to the Hap -1B-2 promoter, but not via binding of Hap -1B-1. Additionally, several candidate genes interacting with TaAIRP2-1B were obtained by screening the cDNA library of wheat in yeast cells. It was found that TaAIRP2-1B interacted with TaHIPP3 (heavy metal-associated isoprenylated protein 3) and promoted TaHIPP3 degradation. Our study demonstrates that TaAIRP2-1B controls spike length, and the haplotype Hap -1B-1 of TaAIRP2 - 1B is a favorable natural variation for spike length enhancement in wheat. This work also provides genetic resources and functional markers for wheat molecular breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. Using Transcriptome Analysis to Identify Genes Involved in Switchgrass Flower Reversion

Author

Wang Yongfeng, Zheng Aiquan, Sun Fengli, Li Mao, Xu Kaijie, Zhang Chao, Liu Shudong, and Xi Yajun

Subjects
switchgrass, floral reversion, cytokinin, flower maintenance, transcriptome, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Floral reversion is a process in which differentiated floral organs revert back to vegetative organs. Although this phenomenon has been described for decades, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that immature switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) inflorescences can revert to neonatal shoots when incubated on a basal medium with benzylaminopurine. We used anatomical and histological methods to verify that these shoots were formed from floret primordia through flower reversion. To further explore the gene regulation of floral reversion in switchgrass, the transcriptome of reversed, unreversed, and uncultured immature inflorescences were analyzed and 517 genes were identified as participating in flower reversion. Annotation using non-redundant databases revealed that these genes are involved in plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, DNA replication and modification, and other processes crucial for switchgrass flower reversion. When four of the genes were overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, vegetative growth was facilitated and reproductive growth was inhibited in transgenic plants. This study provides a basic understanding of genes regulating the floral transition in switchgrass and will promote the research of floral reversion and flower maintenance.

Published
2018
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16. Integration of Transcriptome and Metabolome Provides Unique Insights to Pathways Associated with Wheat Immature Embryos Infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Author

Wang Weiwei, Guo Jinliang, Ma Jiayang, Wang Zhulin, Zhang Lining, Wang Zixu, Zhang Chao, Sun Fengli, and Xi Yajun

Abstract

Background: The transformation efficiency (TE) of wheat is slow due to its recalcitrance nature to in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation. Nowadays, the TE of wheat immature embryo from cultivar Fielder in the PureWheat technique was greatly improved by a series of special chemical and physical methods. To explore the mechanisms of wheat high TE in this protocol, we strictly followed the procedures to obtain wheat immature embryos after Agrobacterium infection for 24 and 48 h, observed the surface of immature embryos using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and conducted comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome analysis. Results: SEM showed that Agrobacterium tumefaciens were deposited under the damaged cortex of wheat immature embryos caused by pretreatment and contacted the receptor cells to improve the TE. Transcriptome analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway. By analyzing the correlation between differentially expressed genes and metabolites, the expression of many genes and accumulation of metabolites are changed in glucose metabolism and the TCA cycle, as well as amino acid metabolism, it suggests that the wheat embryo infected with Agrobacterium is an energy demanding process. The shikimate pathway may act as a hub between glucose metabolism and phenylpropane metabolism during Agrobacterium infection. The down-regulation of F5H gene and up-regulation of CCR gene led to the accumulation of lignin precursor through phenylpropane metabolism. In addition, several metabolic pathways and oxidases were found to be involved in the infection treatment, including melatonin biosynthesis, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, betaine biosynthesis, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, which suggest that wheat embryo may be under the stress of Agrobacterium and thus undergo oxidative stress response. Conclusion: Our findings contribute to understand the underlying the mysterious mechanism of the high TE of wheat immature embryos stimulated by Agrobacteriumby exploring valuable genes and metabolites.

Published
2023

19. Transgenesis in Forage Crops

Author

Wang, Zeng-Yu, Bell, Jeremey, Cheng, Xiaofei, Ge, Yaxin, Ma, Xuefeng, Wright, Elane, Xi, Yajun, Xiao, Xirong, Zhang, Jiyi, Bouton, Joseph, Yamada, Toshihiko, and Spangenberg, German

Published
2009
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20. Biotechnological Improvement of Forage Crops

Author

Wang, Zeng-Yu, Bell, Jeremey, Cheng, Xiaofei, Ge, Yaxin, Han, Kun Jun, Ma, Xuefeng, Wright, Elane, Xi, Yajun, Xiao, Xirong, Zhang, Ji-Yi, Hopkins, Andrew, Bouton, Joseph, Xu, Zhihong, editor, Li, Jiayang, editor, Xue, Yongbiao, editor, and Yang, Weicai, editor

Published
2007
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36. Transgenesis in Forage Crops

Author

Wang, Zeng-Yu, primary, Bell, Jeremey, additional, Cheng, Xiaofei, additional, Ge, Yaxin, additional, Ma, Xuefeng, additional, Wright, Elane, additional, Xi, Yajun, additional, Xiao, Xirong, additional, Zhang, Jiyi, additional, and Bouton, Joseph, additional

Published
2008
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