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In order to systematically investigate the spatial distribution, homologue profiles, and sources of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in suburban soils in Shanghai, SCCPs and MCCPs in soils were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with low resolution mass spectrometry in electron capture negative ion (ECNI) mode (GC-ECNI-MS). The CP concentrations in soils were between not detected (ND) - 697 ng g-1 with a median value of 3.52 ng g-1 for SCCPs, and ND - 666 ng g-1 with a median value of 15.3 ng g-1 for MCCPs, respectively. The concentrations of MCCPs in most soils were higher than that of SCCPs. The total CP concentrations (sum of SCCPs and MCCPs) in soils varied from ND to 964 ng g-1 with a median value of 20.5 ng g-1. The concentration of MCCPs was higher than that of SCCPs in most soils. The levels of SCCPs and MCCPs in suburban soils in Shanghai were at the medium level when compared to other areas around the world. No significant correlation was observed between soil CP concentrations and total organic carbon contents (p > 0.05). For different use type of soils, the median concentrations of CPs in soils were found higher in greenland than that in other areas probably due to busy traffic, sewage sludge application and/or wastewater irrigation. All soils were divided into two groups by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) both for SCCPs and MCCPs. Three discharge sources of CPs in suburban soil of Shanghai were identified by PMF model.

Fifty-two PBDE congeners in river sediments from Shanghai were analyzed in the present study. The concentrations of Σ51PBDEs (defined as the sum of 51 BDE congeners except BDE209) and BDE209 ranged from 0.231 to 119 ng g(-1) and from nd to 189 ng g(-1), respectively. The most abundant BDE congeners in surface sediments were BDE118, 207, 208, 99, 49, 75, 47, 71 and 209, with median values of 1.67, 1.81, 1.83, 1.87, 1.98, 2.52, 2.73, 4.62 and 45.7 ng g(-1) dw, respectively. The concentrations of Σ52PBDEs were significantly correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) content in sediments (p0.05). Weak correlations between all PBDE homologues and TOC (r0.32) suggest that TOC had a little influence on sediment PBDE transport and distribution patterns in river sediments of Shanghai. Correspondence analysis (CA) showed that PBDEs in sediments in the studied area originated from commercial BDE formulations, combustion emission sources, and debromination of highly brominated PBDEs by aerobic/anaerobic microbes or sunlight. Risk assessment based on risk quotients (RQ) showed that PBDEs in all river sediments collected from Shanghai posed a high potential ecological risk (RQ1) to the sediment dwelling organisms, and pentaBDE, decaBDE and tetraBDE were the major ecological risk drivers.

The degradation of the pharmaceutical paracetamol by using Fenton-like process in conjunction with ultrasonic cavitation was investigated. An evident synergistic effect was found in the combination of sonication and Fenton-like process. Through the application of Response Surface Methodology optimization, the optimum conditions for the degradation of paracetamol were initial pH 3.0, H2O27.0 mmol·L-1and sponge iron 4 g·L-1with acoustic power of 200 W. Under these parameters could obtain 99% degradation of 100mg·L-1paracetamol solution within 30 min treatment.

A comprehensive investigation was conducted to the urban (Pudong) and suburban soils in Shanghai. A total of 154 soil samples were analyzed for 26 PAHs including highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrenes (DBPs). The total concentrations ranged from 25.8 to 7380 μg kg(-1) for Σ26PAHs and 18.8 to 6320 μg kg(-1) for 16 USEPA priority PAHs (Σ16PAHs), respectively. The BaP toxic equivalent (BaPeq) concentrations were between 6.41 and 2880 μg kg(-1) for Σ24PAHs, 1.11 and 620 μg kg(-1) for Σ16PAHs and 2.72 and 2250 μg kg(-1) for Σ4DBPs. The high PAH contamination in green land soils might originate mainly from local road traffic and industrial activities, and sewage sludge application or waste water irrigation for soil. Seven sources of soil PAHs in Shanghai were identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The mean risk quotient (m-RQ) values indicated that there were medium to high ecological risks in 9.10% of soil samples, pyrene (Pyr), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) and benz[a]anthracene (BaA) were the major ecological risk drivers under agricultural use. The cancer risk (CR) values were within the acceptable range at 35.7%, 35.1% and 31.2% of sampling sites for children, youths and adults, respectively. The total lifetime carcinogenic risk (TLCR) values at 57.8% of sampling sites were within the acceptable range. Overall, cancer risks of soil PAHs in all sampling sites in the studied area were below the highest acceptable risk, suggesting that soil PAHs are unlikely to pose a significant cancer risk for population based on ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation exposure pathways.

A specific, sensitive, and reliable analytical method involving homogenate extraction, solid phase extraction (SPE), and detection by high-performance liquid phase chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was developed in this study for the determination of triclocarban (TCC) in aquatic plants. Key factors that could affect the extraction, including the extraction solvent and its volume, the length of time of homogenate extraction, were examined and optimised. Under optimum conditions, the linearity of the method ranged from 0.2 ng/g to 200 ng/g, with correlation coefficients (r2) >0.999. The limit of detection was 0.05 ng/g, based on the ratio of the chromatographic signal to baseline noise (S/N = 3). Spiked recoveries of TCC in real aquatic plant samples ranged from 91.8% to 106.1%. The proposed method was successfully applied to analyse TCC in aquatic plant samples collected from a natural water environment.

Aiming at the problems of high performance piston head can not produced by using casting and hot die forging, the warm extrusion molding method is proposed, based on the analysis of factors influencing for forming, rational scheme of orthogonal experiment was designed, a series of analysis for simulation results by using the range analysis method and comprehensive balance method, the optimal forming process parameters combination are identified, the optimal result are verified by the DEFORM software.

In order to try to reduce the influence of weld mark on the appearance quality and mechanical properties of plastic products, with the combination of injection molding simulation software and the orthogonal test design, reasonable test analysis programs was designed. Products weld mark depth was the evaluation index, and get the optimal parameter combination which could control the quality of the weld, then the results was verified by molding simulation. The results show that through the optimization of process parameters combination, the weld quality was improved and the negative impact on plastic parts was reduced.

According to the problem of core-pulling in the injection mold design of side holes plastic parts, analyzed the structural features and forming process of side holes plastics. Introduced the injection mold structure of side holes plastics, the design essentials and working process of the injection mold, then reasonable mold structure and side core-pulling mechanism ware designed. The design of inclined guide pillar core-pulling and combined core mechanism reduced the die cost and made the manufacture convenient.

In order to obtain high-quality injection head, cold extrusion forming is adopted. Based on the study of forming technology for the injection head, reasonable process flow, cold extrusion pre-treatment process and boundary conditions are designed. Two finite element models in forward extrusion and backward extrusion forming ways are established. Taking DEFORM as the platform, the numerical simulation of forming process is carried out. Through simulation, the distribution of strain field, stress field and velocity field in the process of cold extrusion forming is preliminarily forecast, the merits and defects of two kinds of forming processes and the force state of mold are compared , the optimal forming scheme is determined.

A sensitive and efficient analytical method for triclosan (TCS) determination in water, which involves enrichment with bamboo-activated charcoal and detection with HPLC-ESI-MS, was developed. The influence of several operational parameters, including the eluant and its volume, the flow rate, the volume andacidity of the sample, and the amount of bamboo-activated charcoal, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linearity of the method was observed in the range of 0.02-20 μg/L, with correlation coefficients (r(2) ) >0.9990. The limit of detection was 0.002 μg/L based on the ratio of chromatographic signal to baseline noise (S/N = 3). The spiked recoveries of TCS in real water samples were achieved in the range of 97.6-112.5%. The proposed method was applied to analyze TCS in real aqueous samples. All the surface water samples collected in Xiaoqing River had detectable levels of TCS with concentrations of 42-197 ng/L.

Chlorine-doped anatase titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanocrystallites were prepared via a simple single-step method by sonicating a solution of tetraisopropyl titanate and sodium chloride in water/ethanol at 70 °C. The as-prepared sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The presence of the chloride dopant is confirmed by the Cl 2p XPS peak with a binding energy of 198.2 eV, which is assigned to the anionic Cl incorporated into TiO 2 . Cl-doping of TiO 2 shifts the absorption edge toward a higher wavelength. The as-prepared samples were successfully used in the photodegradation of aqueous butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation rates of BBP reached 92% under visible light irradiation for 240 min. BBP mineralization was also realized by further increasing the irradiation time.

Graphical abstract: The N-doped anatase TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical method. The as-prepared sample is characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS and UV-Vis DRS. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was evaluated by the photodegradation of an azo dye direct sky blue 5B. Highlights: {yields} A novel singal-step sonochemical synthesis method for the preparation of anatase N-doped TiO{sub 2} nanocrystalline at low temperature has been devoleped. {yields} The as-prepared sample is characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS and UV-Vis DRS. {yields} The photodegradation of azo dye direct sky blue 5 showed that the N-doped TiO{sub 2} catalyst is of high visible-light photocatalytic activity. -- Abstract: A novel single-step synthetic method for the preparation of anatase N-doped TiO{sub 2} nanocrystalline at low temperature has been devoleped. The N-doped anatase TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles were synthesized by sonication of the solution of tetraisopropyl titanium and urea in water and isopropyl alcohol at 80 {sup o}C for 150 min. The as-prepared sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectrum. The product structure depends on the reaction temperature and reaction time. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared photocatalyst was evaluated via the photodegradation of an azo dye more » direct sky blue 5B. The results show that the N-doped TiO{sub 2} nanocrystalline prepared via sonication exhibit an excellent photocatalytic activity under UV light and simulated sunlight. « less

A visible-light activated photocatalyst N-doped TiO2 nanocrystalline was synthesized via sonochemical method at low temperature. The N-doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were prapared by sonication of the solution of tetrabutyl titanium and ammonium in water and ethanol at 70 °C for 150 min. The crystalline forms and crystallite sizes of the as-prepared sample is characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Visible absorption spectrum.The product structure was dependent upon the reaction temperature and reaction time. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared photocatalyst was evaluated via the photodegradation of a basic dye methyl violet. The results show that the N-doped TiO2 nanocrystalline prepared by sonication has an excellent photocatalytic activity under UV light and simulated sunlight.

A single-step sonochemical method to directly prepare rutile nanocrystal TiO2 has been developed. TiO2 nanaoparticles were synthesized by the hydrolysis of TiCl4 in the presence of water and ethanol under ultrasonic irradiationat 70 °C for 3 h. The crystalline forms and crystallite sizes of the produts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis. The TEM images showed the morphology of as-prapared TiO2 was pinnate in shape and the average sizes were ca. 4/12 nm (W/L). The columnar particles were linked together each other at the certain principle, forming the shape like dendrite crystal. The formation mechanism of the dendrite crystal nanocrystalline TiO2 was also discussed.

The design of heating systems with groundwater source heat pumps (GWHP) is very important for reducing their power consumption. For better design, reasonable analysis of the systems is necessary. In this paper, a dynamic exergy and exergetic cost analysis of a heating system with GWHP is performed in a whole heating season by the use of structural theory of thermoeconomics and the software of TRNSYS. The relative exergy destruction of every component and the exergetic cost of the final product of the system are obtained. The results show that the heat pump has the largest relative exergy destruction under all the working conditions. The terminal unit component has the second largest relative exergy destruction at conditions above 10% load. However, at 10% load, well water transportation component has the second largest relative exergy destruction. The unit exergetic cost of the system final product during the whole heating season is 8.51W/W, similar to the result at 75% load.

A hydrophobic ionic liquid was finely dispersed in aqueous solution along with a hydrophilic ionic liquid. Following centrifugation, the two phases aggregate to form relatively large droplets. Based on this phenomenon, a method termed ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was developed. It was applied to the enrichment of triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) from water samples prior to HPLC with electrospray tandem MS detection. The type and volume of the hydrophobic ionic liquid (the extraction solvent) and the hydrophilic ionic liquid (the disperser solvent), salt content, and extraction time were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the method gives a linear response in the concentration ranges from 0.5 to 100 μg L−1 for TCC and from 2.5 to 500 μg L−1 for TCS, respectively. The limits of detection are 0.23 and 0.35 μg L−1, and the repeatability is 5.4 and 6.4% for TCC and TCS, respectively. The method was validated with four environmental water samples, and average recoveries of spiked samples were in the range from 88% to 111%. The results indicate that the method is a promising new approach for the rapid enrichment and determination of organic pollutants.

A novel dispersive liquid-phase microextraction method without dispersive solvents has been developed for the enrichment and sensitive determination of triclosan and triclocarban in environmental water samples prior to HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. This method used only green solvent 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as extraction solvent and overcame the demerits of the use of toxic solvents and the instability of the suspending drop in single drop liquid-phase microextraction. Important factors that may influence the enrichment efficiencies, such as volume of ionic liquid, pH of solutions, extraction time, centrifuging time and temperature, were systematically investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, linearity of the method was observed in the range of 0.1-20 microg/L for triclocarban and 0.5-100 microg/L for triclosan, respectively, with adequate correlation coefficients (R>0.9990). The proposed method has been found to have excellent detection sensitivity with LODs of 0.04 and 0.3 microg/L, and precisions of 4.7 and 6.0% (RSDs, n=5) for triclocarban and triclosan, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to analyze real water samples and satisfactory results were achieved.

Decolorization of a dye reactive brilliant red K-2BP in aqueous solution by using hydrodynamic cavitation was investigated. Effects of operating parameters such as pressure, temperature, initial concentration of the dye, medium pH, and H2O2 addition on the decolorization of reactive brilliant red K-2BP were also discussed. Reactive brilliant red K-2BP in aqueous solution can be decolorized with swirling jet-induced cavitation and the degradation can be described by a pseudo-first-order kinetics. Color removal of the dye increased with increasing pressure and decreased with increasing initial dye concentration. An optimum temperature of 313 K existed for the decolorization rate of the dye and higher decolorization ratios were found in an acidic medium. Results have confirmed that the color removal of reactive brilliant red K-2BP in aqueous solution with hydrodynamic cavitation was substantially enhanced with H2O2 addition.

Objective To investigate the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous ammonia in static state by using nano-TiO 2 as photocatalyst supported on latex paint film under UV-irradiation. Methods Experiments were conducted to study the relationship between the initial concentration of ammonia and the degradation products competing to be adsorbed on catalyst surface. Degradation of ammonia and its products were detected by spectrophotometry and catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry, respectively. Results On the one hand, TiO 2 catalyst was excellent for degradation of ammonia, and the crystal phase of TiO 2 , anatase or rutile, had little effect on degradation of ammonia, but the conversion of ammonia grew with the increase of catalyst content. On the other hand, apparent rate constant and conversion of ammonia decreased with the increase of initial concentration of ammonia, and the photocatalytic degradation reaction followed a pseudo-first-order expression due to the evidence of linear correlation between -lnC/C 0 vs. irradiation time t , but the relationship between initial concentration and the degradation products was not linear in low initial concentration. Conclusion Whether the photocatalytic degradation of ammonia in static state follows a first-order reaction depends on the initial ammonia concentration due to competition in adsorption between reactant and the degradation products.

The sonochemical degradation in aqueous solution of methyl violet, chosen as a model of a basic dye, was studied. The ultrasonic degradation kinetics in water were found to be first-order and the degradation rate coefficient is 1.35×10-2 min-1 (R= 0.9934, n=8) at 20±1°C. The influence of the initial concentrations, reaction temperature and the pH of medium on the ultrasonic decomposition of methyl violet were also investigated.

Catalyst of Bi2O2CO3 and Fe2O3 modified Bi2O2CO3 (Fe2O3/Bi2O2CO3) were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffractions (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV-vis DRS. The catalytic activity of Bi2O2CO3 and Fe2O3/Bi2O2CO3 were comparatively investigated in the photodegradation and Fento-like process. Rhodamine B(RhB) was selected as the target pollutant under the irradiation of 300 W xenon lamp. The results indicated that Fe2O3 plays a great role in the enhancing the treatment efficiency and the and the maximum reaction rate was achieved at the Fe2O3 loading of 1.5%. The Fenton-like degradation rate constant of RhB with bare Bi2O2CO3 in dark is 0.4 min-1, while that with 1.5 Fe2O3/Bi2O2CO3 increases to 28.4 min-1 under visible light irradiation, a 71-fold improvement. It is expected to shed a new light for the constructing novel composite photocatalyst and also provide a potential method for the removal of dyes in the aqueous system.

The Cl–N-codoped TiO2 nanocrystallites were prepared through sonication of a solution of tetraisopropyl titanium and NH4Cl in water and isopropyl alcohol at 70 °C. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectrum. The presence of the Cl and N dopants are confirmed by the N 1s and Cl 2p XPS peaks. The Cl–N-codoping of the TiO2 shifted the absorption edge toward a higher wavelength. The decrease of the PL intensity of the Cl–N-codoped TiO2 nanocrystallites indicates that the codoping of nitrogen and chlorine into TiO2 could significantly enhance its photocatalytic activity.

This paper is concentrated on Cenozoic volcanism and geothermal resources in Northeast China. There are a lot of Cenozoic volcanoes, a large area of volcanic rocks, a large number of active faults and rich geothermal resources in Northeast China. The time and space characteristics of Cenozoic volcanism and the space distribution characters of hot springs and high geothermal flux regions in Northeast China are described and discussed on the basis of geological, geothermal, drilling and volcanological data. It is revealed that the hot springs and high geothermal flux regions are related to the Cenozoic volcanism, rifting and faulting in Northeast China. It is especially emphasized that the hot springs and high geothermal anomaly areas are controlled by active deep faults. It is proposed that the Cenozoic volcanism regions, rift basins, active fault belts, activated plate suture zones and large earthquake occurrence points are the best areas for prospecting geothermal resources. The geothermal resources in younger volcanic zones are richer than those in older volcanic belts. The hot springs and active or activated faults might be a very good clue for looking for geothermal resources.

The “ring-morphostructures” (RM) are the object of this study. They are one of the most significant element of lineament’s structure and unknown for the majority of investigations. RM are numerous to lineament’s zone: they have-different size (from 10–20 km to 500–800km in diameter), structure, age, geological history and have been divided into several classes on the most important signs. They have a spatial-genetic connection Amur-Songhua-Huanghe lineament (ASHL) and had been developed simultaneously with it. The RM exerted an essential influence on the geologic-geomorphological structure, evolution and geodynamics of lineament. The main factor of evolution of lineament is a long geological process of extension of the earth’s crust which is a result of the expanding earth.

A novel sonochemical approach for the preparation of nanophasic TiO2 particles coated on silica carriers, in which TiCl4 precursor as an in situ source for the coating phase of TiO2, has been described. TiO2 clusters in the size range of about 4nm have been deposited on silica particles by the sonication of a suspension containing TiCl4 and silica particles in water by a high-intensity ultrasound radiation (24KHz, 100W/cm2). The TiO2/silica samples have been characterized by Raman spectra, UV/Vis DRS, and FT-IR spectra. The surface titanate of TiO2/silica samples is a mixture of isolated TiO4 species and anatase crystallite. The work has also been addressed to study the effect of the different reaction conditions on the TiO2/silica samples and their effect in the photocatalytic activity. The TiO2/silica photocatalysts exhibited higher reactivity than bulk TiO2 (P25, Degussa) in photo-oxidation of methyl orange.

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are toxic, bioaccumulative, persistent, and ubiquitously present in the environment. Data on the presence of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in urban areas with dense population are still scarce to date. SCCPs and MCCPs were measured in urban soils from Shanghai to comprehensively investigate their levels, spatial distribution, homologue group patterns and ecological risk. The concentrations of CPs in soils varied from ND to 615 ng g(-1) with a median value of 15.7 ng g(-1) for SCCPs and from 1.95 to 188 ng g(-1) with a median value of 7.98 ng g(-1) for MCCPs, respectively. The concentrations of SCCPs in most soils were higher than those of MCCPs. The total CP concentrations in soil samples were between 4.10 and 625 ng g(-1) with a median value of 26.4 ng g(-1). For different functional zones, the median concentrations of soil CPs were found higher in green land including park, greenbelt and campus than those in roadside. The highest concentrations of CPs in soils could be derived from sewage sludge application and wastewater irrigation for green land. Three types of soils were classified by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for SCCPs and MCCPs, the most abundant homologue groups in the bulk of the soil samples were C11Cl5-7 and C13Cl5-7 for SCCPs, and C14Cl7-8 and C15Cl7-8 for MCCPs. Correlation analysis and PCA suggested that SCCPs and MCCPs in soils in the studied area derived from different sources. The preliminary ecological risk assessment indicates that soil CPs at present levels poses no significant ecological risk for soil-dwelling organisms.

In this paper, the photocatalytic activity of AgCl catalyst in water under the UV and simulated sunlight irradiation was investigated. The AgCl catalyst was obtained by the reaction of AgNO3 with NaCl in water. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of a azo dye direct sky blue 5B in aqueous solution. The result showed that AgCl photocatalyst was able to effectively photocatalytic degrada direct sky blue 5B dye.

A sensitive analytical method for triclosan (TCS) in water samples, which involves enrichment with bamboo-activated charcoal (BAC) and detection with HPLC-ESI-MS is developed. The effects of some important operation parameters, such as the eluant and its volume, flow rate, the volume and the acidity of the sample and the amount of bamboo-activated charcoal, on the recovery of TCS were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the spiked recoveries of TCS in real water samples were achieved in the range of 108.5%-113.4%. The linearity of the method was observed in the range of 0.02-20 μg L-1, with correlation coefficients (r2) >; 0.9990. The limit of detection ( LOD ) was 0.002 μg L-1 based on the ratio of chromatographic signal to base line noise(S/N = 3). The concentrations of TCS in the real environmental water samples collected in Darning Lake, Xiaoqing River and Yellow River at Jinan, Shandong Province were also determined using this method.

The degradation of azo dye direct sky blue 5B by sonication combined with zero-valent iron (US-Fe(0))was investigated and an evident synergistic effect was observed. The synergetic effect is mainly due to the increase of ()OH radical concentration from Fenton's reaction. The ()OH radical concentrations in sole sonication and US-Fe(0) process were detected by using terephthalic acid as a fluorescent probe and found that ()OH radicals were generated continuously during sonication and the production of ()OH radicals in US-Fe(0) process was much higher than that in sole sonication. The degradation of direct sky blue 5B followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics and the degradation rate constants were found to be 0.0206 and 0.169 min(-1) with sole sonication and US-Fe(0) process respectively. It was also found that the degradation ratio of direct sky blue 5B increased with the increase of zero-valent iron dosage and decrease of pH value of the dye aqueous solution. The degradation mechanism of direct sky blue 5B with US-Fe(0) process was discussed by the changes of UV-Vis spectrogram of the dye during degradation. The dramatic changes of UV spectra showed a disappearance of both azo and aromatic groups during the degradation.

A novel and environmentally friendly microextraction method, termed ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction (IL-DLPME), has been developed for rapid enrichment of triclosan and triclocarban before analysis by high-performance liquid phase chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS). Instead of using toxic organic solvents, an ionic liquid was used as a green extraction solvent. This also avoided the instability of the suspending drop in single-drop liquid-phase microextraction, and the heating and cooling step in temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction. Factors that may affect the enrichment efficiency, for example volume of ionic liquid, type and volume of dispersive solvent, pH, extraction time, and NaCl content were investigated in detail and optimized. Under optimum conditions, linearity of the method was observed over the range 0.2-12 microg L(-1) for triclocarban and 1-60 microg L(-1) for triclosan with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9980 to 0.9990, respectively. The sensitivity of the proposed method was found to be excellent, with limits of detection in the range 0.040-0.58 microg L(-1) and precision in the range 7.0-8.8% (RSD, n = 5). This method has been successfully used to analyze real environmental water samples and satisfactory results were achieved. Average recoveries of spiked compounds were in the range 70.0-103.5%. All these results indicated that the developed method would be a green method for rapid determination of triclosan and triclocarban at trace levels in environmental water samples.