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1. Synergistic preparation and application in PCU of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers from phosphogypsum and electrolytic manganese residue

Author

Ting Wang, Xuan Ke, Jia Li, Ying Wang, Weiwei Guan, Xia Sha, Chenjing Yang, and Tian C. Zhang

Subjects
α-CSHWs, Phosphogypsum, Electrolytic manganese residue, Crystal plane, Controlled release, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers (α-CSHWs) were first prepared using phosphogypsum (PG) and electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) as raw materials for coating urea, demonstrating excellent controlled-release properties. The effects of different reaction conditions on α-CSHWs, achieved by optimizing the reaction time, the concentrations of NH4 +, Mn2+, and other factors, were discussed. Results showed that when the EMR content was 25 wt%, the reaction temperature was 100 °C, and the reaction time was 3 h, α-CSHWs with a length-to-diameter ratio of 39 were obtained. Through experiments and density functional theory (DFT), the mechanism of α-CSHWs preparation was elucidated. The results show that the addition of EMR reduces the content of impurity ions PO4 3− and F− in PG while introducing NH4 + and Mn2+. Interestingly, both NH4 + and Mn2+ can reduce the nucleation time of α-CSHWs, while PO4 3−, Mn2+, and F− are more likely to adsorb on the (0 0 6) crystal plane of α-CSHWs, NH4 + readily adsorbs on the (4 0 0) crystal plane. The controlled-release performance of modified α-CSHWs incorporated into polyurethane-coated urea (PCU) was investigated, and it was found that the addition of Mα significantly prolonged the nutrient release period, with the period extending up to 116 days for coatings of 5wt% and above. This work not only enhances the efficiency of PG and EMR utilization but also serves as a reference for the straightforward synthesis and application of α-CSHWs.

Published
2024
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6. Development and Optimal Immune Strategy of an Alum-Stabilized Pickering emulsion for Cancer Vaccines

Author

Xia, Sha Peng, Yumeng Yan, To Ngai, Jianjun Li, Kenji Ogino, and Yufei

Subjects
cancer vaccine, alum-stabilized Pickering emulsion, adjuvant, anti-tumor responses
Abstract

Therapeutic cancer vaccines are considered as one of the most cost-effective ways to eliminate cancer cells. Although many efforts have been invested into improving their therapeutic effect, transient maturation and activations of dendritic cells (DCs) cause weak responses and hamper the subsequent T cell responses. Here, we report on an alum-stabilized Pickering emulsion (APE) that can load a high number of antigens and continue to release them for extensive maturation and activations of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). After two vaccinations, APE/OVA induced both IFN-γ-secreting T cells (Th1) and IL-4-secreting T cells (Th2), generating effector CD8+ T cells against tumor growth. Additionally, although they boosted the cellular immune responses in the spleen, we found that multiple administrations of cancer vaccines (three or four times in 3-day intervals) may increase the immunosuppression with more PD-1+ CD8+ and LAG-3+ CD8+ T cells within the tumor environment, leading to the diminished overall anti-tumor efficacy. Combining this with anti-PD-1 antibodies evidently hindered the suppressive effect of multiple vaccine administrations, leading to the amplified tumor regression in B16-OVA-bearing mice.

Published
2023
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9. List of Contributors

Author

Aracil, Carmen, primary, Aslan, Semih, additional, Bermejo, Sandra, additional, Birleanu, Corina, additional, Chaturvedi, Vikram, additional, Chew, Zheng J., additional, Choi, Jaeyong, additional, Cosijns, Suzanne J.A.G., additional, Delgado, Francisco J., additional, Depari, Alessandro, additional, Dubuc, David, additional, Dudescu, Cristian, additional, Flammini, Alessandra, additional, García, Juan, additional, George, Boby, additional, Gilliland, Spenser, additional, Golinval, Jean-Claude, additional, Gottwald, Alexander, additional, Grenier, Katia, additional, Haitjema, Han, additional, Heidary, Ali, additional, Iannacci, Jacopo, additional, Jansen, Maarten J., additional, Langfelder, Giacomo, additional, Lee, Sukhan, additional, Li, Lijie, additional, Luque, Antonio, additional, Meijer, Gerard C.M., additional, Nabavi, Mohammad R., additional, Nihtianov, Stoyan, additional, Ortega, Pablo R., additional, Oruklu, Erdal, additional, Perdigones, Francisco, additional, Pustan, Marius, additional, Quero, José M., additional, Reverter, Ferran, additional, Salvador, Blas, additional, Saniie, Jafar, additional, Sapozhnikova, Kseniia, additional, Scholze, Frank, additional, Sreekantan, Anoop C., additional, Taymanov, Roald, additional, Tocchio, Alessandro, additional, Turqueti, Marcos, additional, Vogel, Johan G., additional, Wang, Guijie, additional, and Xia, Sha, additional

Published
2018
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11. Autonomous Self-aligning and Self-calibrating Capacitive Sensor System

Author

van de Ven, Oscar S., Yang, Ruimin, Xia, Sha, van Schieveen, Jeroen P., Spronck, Jo W., Munnig Schmidt, Robert H., Nihtianov, Stoyan, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, Series editor, Siekmann, Jörg, Series editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, Series editor, Kamel, Mohamed, editor, Karray, Fakhri, editor, and Hagras, Hani, editor

Published
2012
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18. Evaluation of Charged Defect Energy in Two‐Dimensional Semiconductors for Nanoelectronics: The WLZ Extrapolation Method.

Author

Xia, Sha, Wang, Dan, Chen, Nian‐Ke, Han, Dong, Li, Xian‐Bin, and Sun, Hong‐Bo

Subjects
*EXTRAPOLATION, *NANOELECTRONICS, *SEMICONDUCTORS, *ELECTRONIC control, *ELECTRONICS, *IONIZATION energy
Abstract

Defects play a central role in controlling the electronic properties of two‐dimensional (2D) materials and realizing the industrialization of 2D electronics. However, the evaluation of charged defects in 2D materials within first‐principles calculation is very challenging and has triggered a recent development of the WLZ (Wang, Li, Zhang) extrapolation method. This method lays the foundation of the theoretical evaluation of energies of charged defects in 2D materials within the first‐principles framework. Herein, the vital role of defects for advancing 2D electronics is discussed, followed by an introduction of the fundamentals of the WLZ extrapolation method. The ionization energies (IEs) obtained by this method for defects in various 2D semiconductors are then reviewed and summarized. Finally, the unique defect physics in 2D dimensions including the dielectric environment effects, defect ionization process, and carrier transport mechanism captured with the WLZ extrapolation method are presented. As an efficient and reasonable evaluation of charged defects in 2D materials for nanoelectronics and other emerging applications, this work can be of benefit to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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22. The Study of Water Resources Optimal Allocation of South-North Project Receiving Area

Author

Bin Liu, Zhi Hong Yan, Ting Ting Zhang, and Jin Xia Sha

Subjects
Water resources, Optimal allocation, Resource allocation, Economic shortage, General Medicine, Business, Environmental economics, Planning theory
Abstract

With the rapid development of economy, the shortage of water resources became more serious at the eastern of Handan city, it is important to allocate the limited water resources reasonably. Based on the multi-objective planning theory, building up the model of the optimal allocation water resources. The goal of the model targeted at the maximum benefits of the economy, the society and the environment, which solved by PSO, to acquire the water resources optimal allocation program of different guaranteed rate in 2030, and supply the basis for the water resources planning and management. The results of optimal allocation show that the PSO is feasible in the water resources optimal allocation.

Published
2013

26. [Effects of birth order, maternal abortion and mode of delivery on childhood acute leukemia risk: a meta-analysis]

Author

Guobin, Zou and Xia, Sha

Subjects
Cesarean Section, Infant, Abortion, Induced, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, Risk Assessment, Abortion, Spontaneous, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Birth Weight, Humans, Regression Analysis, Female, Birth Order, Child
Abstract

To evaluate the associations between birth order, maternal abortion and mode of delivery and childhood acute leukemia risk.Multiple electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies up to March 2013 using the search terms "childhood leukemia", "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "acute myeloid leukemia","birth order", "abortion", "miscarriage", "cesarean", "birth characteristics" and "prenatal risk factor". Data from cohort and case-control studies were analyzed using the Stata software.Twenty-three studies were included in this meta-analysis according to the selection criteria. No significant associations were identified for birth order and mode of delivery (birth order = 2: OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.89-1.05; birth order = 3: OR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.91-1.11; birth order ≥ 4: OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.87-1.20; mode of delivery: OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.96-1.15). However, there was a significant association between maternal abortion and childhood acute leukemia risk (spontaneous abortion: OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.05-1.41; induced abortion: OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.07-1.43). Furthermore, the stratified analysis by disease subtypes showed that spontaneous and induced abortions were significantly associated with the risks of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.09-2.70) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.05-1.42), respectively.This meta-analysis revealed that maternal abortion might contribute to the childhood acute leukemia risk.

Published
2014

31. Exponential stability of a repairable system with N failure modes and K standby units

Author

Xing Qiao, Yuan Xia Sha, Lina Guo, and Zhixin Zhao

Subjects
Reliability theory, Exponential growth, Exponential stability, Mathematical analysis, Uniqueness, Contraction (operator theory), Group theory, Left half plane, Mathematics, Linear stability
Abstract

This paper is devoted to studying the existence, uniqueness and exponential stability of repairable system's time-dependent solution. By analysis the spectrum of the system operator generated by the repairable system, we derive that zero is the unique spectral point on the imaginary axis and the other spectral lie on the left half plane. The positive contraction strongly continuous semigroup which is generated by the operator corresponding to these equation is a quasi-compact operator. As a result, we get the desired result that the dynamic solution of the system exponentially tends to the steady solution.

Published
2012

32. Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009–30 November 2009

Author

Gen-Bo Xu, Yi Kyung Kim, Zhen Xia Sha, N. Sreejayan, Maria Domenica Moccia, B. W. Hou, Fuwen Wei, Shaoying Liu, Mi Sook Min, Radosavljević Ivan, William Stewart Grant, Peter Kaňuch, Hai Hui Ye, Monika Pfunder, Stefan Woltmann, Antonis Rokas, Z. Y. Feng, Susanne Gustafsson, Benjamin N. Sacks, Hang Lee, M. L. Xie, Eun Ha Shin, Xiao Jun Xu, Kevin A. Feldheim, Scott A. Taylor, Zlatko Šatović, Maria Gaillard, Martin Lascoux, Christopher A. Saski, Ryan P. Walter, Vicki L. Friesen, Junghwa An, Shao Jing Li, Gudasalamani Ravikanth, Arnaud Béchet, William D. Templin, Juan A. Galaraza, Qingui Cai, Yi Wang, Zac Grauvogel, Åsa Berggren, Kyung Seok Kim, Sang Gyu Kim, James A. Morris-Pocock, Brian R. Kreiser, Sung Kyoung Choi, K. N. Ganeshaiah, Branka Javornik, X. Y. Ding, L. Han, Sofia Hemmilä, Julia Geraci, Daniel D. Heath, Leonardo A. Gallo, J. Zhong, Kyung i.Kl Kim, Frank Cézilly, Zhengxin Sun, Marcelle Moore, Maren A. Klich, Kumara P. Mohana, Yong Fan, F. Zhang, Zlatko Liber, Xiaolin Liao, Yong Jin Won, Athena Lam, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Alex Widmer, Xiangjiang Zhan, Sarah K. Brown, Han Chan Park, Yong Tao, Ramesh Vasudeva, Y. H. Ma, Yajun Ma, D. L. Li, Jing Wu, Kelly Lasater, George K. Roderick, Ke Jian Wang, Anna Cassel-Lundhagen, Carolina Soliani, J. Derek Hogan, Jernej Jakše, Yun Sun Lee, Ye Seul Kwan, Song-Lin Chen, Xin Hui Luo, Sean D. Schoville, Michael William Bruford, Jeffrey Robert Guyon, John G. Gibbons, Lin Lin, R. Uma Shaanker, Sang In Kim, Federico Sebastiani, W. Y. Li, Gui Zhong Wang, Rémi Wattier, Wei Cheng, Paula Marchelli, Woo-Jin Kim, BK21 program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Canid Diversity and Conservation Laboratory, University of California, Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Group, Cardiff University, Caopo Nature Reserves, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resource, Ministry of Agriculture-Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Jiangsu Provincal Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University (NNU), Department of Pathogen Biology and State Key Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal, INTA EEA Bariloche, School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Program in Evolutionary Functional Genomics, Uppsala University, Auke Bay Laboratories (ABL), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife (CGRB), USDA, Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Division of EcoScience, EWHA Womans University (EWHA), Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Division of Botany [Zagreb], Department of Biology [Zagreb], Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb-Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Crop Physiology, Biological Sciences Department [Sacrameno], California State University [Sacramento], Ecogenics GmbH, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Genomics Institute, Clemson University, Department of Seed Science and Technology [Zagreb], Faculty of Agriculture [Zagreb] (UNIZG), Laboratorio Genexpress, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Instituto di Genetica Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, College of Marine Life Sciences [Qingdao], Ocean University of China (OUC), Seoul National University [Seoul], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Nanjing Normal University, Estacion Biologica Doñana, Auke Bay Laboratories ( ABL ), Alaska Fisheries Science Center ( AFSC ), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), University of Windsor, Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife ( CGRB ), Agence Régionale de la Santé ( ARS ), University of Southern Mississippi, EWHA Womans University ( EWHA ), Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Botany, University of Zagreb, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), Department of Seed Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ( CNR ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), College of Marine Life Sciences, and Ocean University of China

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Colias interior, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Botany, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, biology, Database, Salvia officinalis, biology.organism_classification, food.food, Dendrobium devonianum, Dendrobium loddigesii, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, Colias eurytheme, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Aspergillus clavatus, computer, Biotechnology
Abstract

5 pages; International audience; This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.

Published
2010

33. Establishment of a continuous embryonic cell line from Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus for virus isolation

Author

Zhen-Xia Sha, Guo-Cheng Ren, Song-Lin Chen, and Cheng-Yin Shi

Subjects
Basic fibroblast growth factor, Flounder, Aquatic Science, Cell Line, Iridovirus, chemistry.chemical_compound, Japan, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cytopathic effect, Cryopreservation, biology, Cell growth, Temperature, Embryo, Anatomy, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Olive flounder, Culture Media, chemistry, Cell culture, Karyotyping, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2, Fetal bovine serum
Abstract

A continuous cell line, the flounder embryonic cell line (FEC), was established from gastrula-stage embryos of a marine cultured fish, the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and cultured for more than 200 d with more than 60 passages. FEC cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) supplemented with antibiotics, fetal bovine serum (FBS), sea perch serum (SPS), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The cells were small and round, and grew actively and stably in culture. The effect of temperature, FBS concentration and bFGF on FEC cell growth was examined. Cells grew well between 24 and 30 degrees C, but had a reduced growth rate below 18 degrees C. The growth rate of FEC cells in medium containing 15% FBS was higher than that in medium containing 7.5% FBS. Addition of bFGF to the medium also significantly increased the growth rate. Chromosome analysis revealed that FEC cells have a normal diploid karyotype with 2n = 48. High survival rate was obtained after cryopreservation of cell cultures. The susceptibility of the cell line to piscine viruses was examined. Two viruses tested were shown to induce CPE (cytopathic effect) on FEC cells. FEC cell culture infected with fish iridovirus was further elucidated by electron microscopy. Many virus particles were found in the cytoplasm of the virus-infected FEC cells. These results indicated that the FEC cell line could be potentially used to isolate and study fish viruses.

Published
2004

34. [Screening and expression of recombinant human monoclonal antibody Fab fragments specific to Entamoeba histolytica]

Author

Qing, Shu, Hong-xia, Sha, Hiroshi, Tachibana, and Xun-jia, Cheng

Subjects
Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Antigens, Surface, Entamoeba histolytica, Escherichia coli, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Protozoan, Humans, Antigens, Protozoan, Recombinant Proteins
Abstract

To prepare recombinant human monoclonal antibody Fab fragments specific to the surface antigen of Entamoeba histolytica.Total RNA was isolated from lymphocytes which were separated from an asymptomatic E. histolytica cyst carrier. The genes of IgG light chain and Fd region of heavy chain were amplified by a reverse transcriptase PCR and ligated with a plasmid vector. After the genes were introduced into Escherichia coli, the clones expressing Fab fragments specific to the surface antigen of E. histolytica were screened and the product was purified.Thirty thousand clones were screened and one of them was proved positive to the surface antigen of E. histolytica.This study demonstrated that the bacterial system can be used to produce recombinant human monoclonal antibody Fab fragments specific to the surface antigen of E. histolytica and they may be applicable for the future diagnosis and treatment of the infection.

Published
2004

49. Electrical and Optical Performance Investigation of Si-Based Ultrashallow-Junction \p^+\-\n VUV/EUV Photodiodes.

Author

Shi, Lei, Nihtianov, Stoyan, Xia, Sha, Nanver, Lis K., Gottwald, Alexander, and Scholze, Frank

Subjects
PHOTODIODES, FAR ultraviolet radiation, EXTREME ultraviolet lithography, PHOTODETECTORS, METROLOGY, WAVELENGTHS, SILICON
Abstract

Recently, a silicon-based ultrashallow-junction \p^+\- \n photodiode (B-layer diode) has been reported, with very high and very stable sensitivity in the vacuum-ultraviolet and extreme-ultraviolet spectral ranges. However, the ultrashallow nature of the junction leads to a high series resistance of the photodiode if no conductive capping layers are used. In a recent paper by Shi , a study on the relation between the sensitivity and the series resistance of the B-layer diodes, which can be large due to the shallow-junction depth, was presented. In this paper, an extensive analysis of the photodiode electrical and optical performance parameters and their interrelation is given. The influence of the series resistance on the response time of the photodiode for different illumination patterns is studied theoretically and also experimentally verified. It has been proven by modeling, simulations, and experiments that the time constant of the photodiode does not change significantly with the illumination spot area. This effect is due to temporary variations, going in opposite directions, of the equivalent series resistance, and the junction capacitance values found at the first instant a photogenerated charge are locally stored in the photodiode p-n junction. Also, the dependence of the degradation of the sensitivity on the incident wavelength and the diode vertical stack is examined through analysis and experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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50. Isolation and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers from ladyfish (Elops saurus Linnaeus).

Author

Zhen-Xia Sha, Shi-Chao Xing, Chang-Wei Shao, Yong-Sheng Tian, Xiao-Lin Liao, and Song-Lin Chen

Subjects
ELOPS saurus, GENETIC polymorphisms, MICROSATELLITE repeats, GENETIC markers, LOCUS (Genetics)
Abstract

Ladyfish (Elops saurus Linnaeus) is an economically important marine fish species. 76 microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library of Elops saurus. Twelve of these markers were polymorphic in a test population with alleles per locus ranging from three to nine. The number of observed, expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC) per locus in 20 individuals ranged from 0.2000 to 1.0000, 0.1897-0.8846, 0.1769-0.8476, respectively. One markers significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction analysis and there was no significant linkage disequilibrium found between pairs of markers. As a result, 12 microsatellite markers probably should provide sufficient level of genetic diversity to investigate the fine-scale population structure, stock management and enhancement, genetic linkage map construction and molecular marker-assisted breeding in Elops saurus Linnaeus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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