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This study documents onomatopoeia of laughter in Chinese comics and their Japanese translations, by comparing the translation of Chinese laughter onomatopoeia into Japanese laughter onomatopoeia and then by observing and analyzing the sentence-ending particle. The study ultimately seeks to examine the similarities and differences between two languages as their laughter onomatopoeia discourse markers. The results indicate that the onomatopoeia of laughter appears in both languages to describe social and aggressive laughter through discourse markers that advance the flow of conversation. In Chinese face threatening contexts, speakers generally use the onomatopoeia of laughter, where in the Japanese context, speakers largely resort to using a sentence-ending particle, and in the process to alleviate embarrassment.

In this article, an exact linearization algorithm and nonlinear control scheme of the inductive power transfer (IPT) system for electric vehicles (EVs) are proposed, considering a variation in system operating point. For ease of modeling, the secondary side of IPT system is equivalent to a reflected reactor and resistor on primary side at different operating frequencies. By utilizing the exact linearization method, the nonlinear model is accurately transformed into a linear one at whole operating points. Besides, to acquire constant current $\backslash$ voltage (CV/CC) charging and zero voltage switching (ZVS) operating for EVs, the controllers are designed and optimized in the linear space, and then inverse mapped to the nonlinear space. This avoids designing different controllers for each operating point. Compared with a traditional PI controller, the nonlinear control scheme suggested in this article enables the system to obtain a fixed dynamic response even if the operating point of the IPT system changes. Finally, practical results obtained from a hardware prototype are included. They confirm the performances of the system and indicate that the proposed nonlinear control scheme can automatically maintain CC $\backslash$ CV output and ZVS operation with a constant response time of 10 ms.

The traditional space-vector pulsewidth modulation (SVPWM) maximum voltage transfer ratio (VTR, i.e., the ratio of the output voltage fundamental amplitude to the input voltage fundamental amplitude) is 0.866 in a linear modulation region. In this paper, the output voltage fundamental amplitude and total harmonic distortion (THD) affected by a basic vector and a hexagon vector in traditional indirect SVPWM overmodulation are analyzed. The traditional indirect SVPWM overmodulation usually focuses on the inverter stage to improve the VTR, and there are few methods considering both of the inverter and rectifier stages to improve the overmodulation performance of a matrix converter (MC), including output voltage error, and output and input current THDs. In this paper, a new overmodulation method based on indirect SVPWM is presented. Both the output performance and input performance of the MC with the proposed and traditional overmodulation methods are emulated and tested. Simulation results indicate that the output voltage error and the input current THD are smaller and lower, respectively, with the proposed method. Experimental results verify that theoretical analysis is right, and the proposed overmodulation method is feasible.

A novel permanent-magnet (PM) motor used in an integrated motor propeller (IMP) is designed. The motor has no bearings and employs a Halbach array in its rotor structure. Optimization is conducted in such aspects as PM structure, magnetizing angle of PM, and the best ratio of PM length to poles. The designed motor has a thinner rotor and a larger air gap, and a 3-D coupled-field finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the temperature distribution of this water-cooled thruster. Losses in windings and stator core are calculated in 3-D eddy current field, and the loss is used as the input to calculate the thermal field. Furthermore, a multicomponent fluid method is proposed to deal with the influence from rotating rotor upon the water convection in the air gap. An experiment of this IMP is done under water and temperatures in it are obtained. The temperature results of experiment and calculation are in good agreement, verifying the effectiveness of the analyzing method proposed in this paper.