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Lumei Liu,1,&ast; Meng Wang,1,&ast; Menglu Guo,2,&ast; Li Xian,3,&ast; Jixiang Xu,1 Dehai Xian,4 Jianqiao Zhong1 1Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, the People’s Hospital of Leshan, Southwest Medical University, Leshan, 614003, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Neurobiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jianqiao Zhong, Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Tai Ping Jie, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15082088598, Fax +86-830-3198173, Email zjq7632@hotmail.com Dehai Xian, Department of Neurobiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18008203056, Email dh969@163.comBackground: Immune-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), primarily through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by regulating some signals like TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB. Previous research uncovered that PCs could alleviate purpura-like lesions and pathological changes on rats likely through attenuating inflammation and OS damage. The mechanism of PCs on HSP deserves further investigation.Objective: To clarify the potential mechanism of PCs to HUVECs induced by the serum of HSP patients.Methods: HUVECs were randomly divided into blank, control, model, and low-, medium-, and high-concentration PCs group. Then, 25% HSP serum was assigned to the latter four groups, while 25% serum from healthy subjects to control group and serum-free culture medium to blank one. The last three groups separately received different concentrations of PCs. In addition, TAK-242, a TLR4 inhibitor, was applied to investigate the effect of TLR4-related signals in PCs against HSP serum-induced damage. Finally, inflammatory and OS-related parameters were detected by using cytological/molecular-biological techniques.Results: Treated with HSP serum later, the levels of immuno-inflammatory and oxidative indicators obviously went up (P < 0.05), and those of antioxidants remarkably went down (P < 0.05). PCs, however, reversed above phenomena (P < 0.05). Moreover, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB proteins/genes highly expressed in the model group; but significantly fell off in the presence of PCs (P < 0.05). Amazingly, all of above indicators showed no significant difference among the groups of different PCs concentrations (P > 0.05). These alterations likewise occurred after TAK-242 pretreatment with or without PCs, ie a notable drop of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB appeared in TAK-242 presence, few differences existing when compared to the PCs groups.Conclusion: PCs effectively protect HUVECs from inflammatory and OS damage provoked by HSP serum via blocking TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signals.Keywords: proanthocyanidins, Henoch-schönlein purpura, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, inflammation, oxidative stress

Xiaofeng Chen,1,&ast; Qiyan Deng,1,&ast; Xiaolong Li,1,&ast; Li Xian,2,&ast; Dehai Xian,3 Jianqiao Zhong1 1Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Anatomy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jianqiao Zhong, Email zjq7632@hotmail.com; Dehai Xian, Email xdh969@163.comAbstract: Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, influences approximately 2– 3% of the world’s population. At present, the etiology of psoriasis remains unclear and there is still no causal treatment available. Recent studies indicate that oxidative stress (OS) and T cells dysregulation may participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, among which M1-dominant macrophage polarization is a crucial contributor. Macrophages mainly polarize into two different subsets, ie, classically activated macrophage (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2). M1 polarization tends to exacerbate psoriasis via producing substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators, to encourage OS invasion and T cells dysregulation. Thus, targeting M1 polarization can be a possible therapeutic alternative for psoriasis. Loganin, belonging to iridoid glycosides, is a pharmaceutically active ingredient originated from Cornus officinalis, exerting multiple biological activities, eg, immunomodulation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, etc. More importantly, it could effectively suppress M1 polarization, thereby arresting OS aggression and T cells’ dysregulation. Numerous studies have confirmed that loganin is quite reliable for diseases treatment via suppressing M1 polarization. Nevertheless, reports about loganin treating psoriasis have seldom appeared so far. Accordingly, we hold a hypothesis that loganin would availably manage psoriasis through preventing M1 polarization. Data from previous studies guarantee the potential of loganin in control of psoriasis.Keywords: loganin, psoriasis, macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, T cells

Background/purpose: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) represents a rare yet serious adverse reaction associated with the prolonged use of anti-bone resorptive or anti-angiogenic agents. This study aimed to investigate the impact and underlying mechanisms of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in preventing MRONJ in a mouse model. Materials and methods: Following tooth extraction in MRONJ mice, ADSCs or PBS were administered via the tail vein. The healing progress of gingival epithelium and the extraction socket was assessed using a stereoscopic microscope and histological analysis. Immunofluorescence was employed to examine markers associated with autophagy (LC3 and SQSTM1) and apoptosis (Cleaved-CASP 3). Statistical analysis involved unpaired Student's t-test and ANOVA on ABI Prism 7500, with P-values below 0.05 deemed statistically significant. Results: ADSCs enhanced gingival epithelium migration and facilitated new bone formation. In the MRONJ group, the expressions of autophagy-related protein LC3 and SQSTM1 in gingival epithelium were concurrently elevated, which indicated autophagic flux was impaired. Conversely, when treated with ADSCs, the expression of LC3 and SQSTM1 were downregulated, similarly to the Control group. Mechanically, zoledronate induced a deficiency of autophagosome–lysosome fusion in epithelial cells, while ADSCs supernatant could promote the autolysosomes formation. Furthermore, ADSCs rescued the number of autophagy-related apoptotic cells in the gingival epithelium of MRONJ. Conclusion: ADSCs could effectively prevent the occurrence of MRONJ, likely through the activation of autophagic flux and the inhibition of autophagy-related apoptosis in gingival epithelium. These findings enhanced the understanding of MRONJ pathogenesis and propose a potential therapeutic target for this disease.

Fengyun meteorological satellites have undergone a series of significant developments over the past 50 years. Two generations, four types, and 21 Fengyun satellites have been developed and launched, with 9 currently operational in orbit. The data obtained from Fengyun satellites is employed in a multitude of applications, including weather forecasting, meteorological disaster prevention and reduction, climate change, global environmental monitoring, and space weather. These data products and services are made available to the global community, resulting in tangible social and economic benefits. In 2023, two Fengyun meteorological satellites were successfully launched. This report presents an overview of the two recently launched Fengyun satellites and currently in orbit Fengyun satellites, including an evaluation of their remote sensing instruments since 2022. Additionally, it addresses the subject of Fengyun satellite data archiving, data services, application services, international cooperation, and supporting activities. Furthermore, the development prospects have been outlined.

Alloying seriously deteriorates the thermal conductivity of magnesium (Mg) alloys, thus, restricts their applications in the fields of computer, communication, and consumer products. In order to improve the thermal conductivity of Mg alloys, adding carbon nanotube (CNT) combined with aging treatment is proposed in this work, i.e. fabricating the D-CNT (a kind of dispersed CNT) reinforced ZK61 matrix composite via powder metallurgy, and conducting aging treatment to the composite. Results indicate the as-aged ZK61/0.6 wt.% D-CNT composite achieved an excellent thermal conductivity of 166 W/(mK), exhibiting 52.3% enhancement in comparison with matrix, as well as tensile yield strength of 321 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 354 of MPa, and elongation of 14%. The simultaneously enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical performance are mainly attributed to: (1) the embedded interface of the D-CNT with matrix and (2) the coherent interface of precipitates with matrix. It is expected the current work can provide a clue for devising Mg matrix composites with integrated structural and functional performances, and enlarge the current restricted applications of Mg alloys.

Abstract Mentha haplocalyx essential oil (MEO) has demonstrated inhibitory effects on Fusarium oxysporum. Despite its environmentally friendly properties as a natural product, the limited water solubility of MEO restricts its practical application in the field. The use of nanoemulsion can improve bioavailability and provide an eco-friendly approach to prevent and control Panax notoginseng root rot. In this study, Tween 80 and anhydrous ethanol (at a mass ratio of 3) were selected as carriers, and the ultrasonic method was utilized to produce a nanoemulsion of MEO (MNEO) with an average particle size of 26.07 nm. Compared to MTEO (MEO dissolved in an aqueous solution of 2% DMSO and 0.1% Tween 80), MNEO exhibited superior inhibition against F. oxysporum in terms of spore germination and hyphal growth. Transcriptomics and metabolomics results revealed that after MNEO treatment, the expression levels of certain genes related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly suppressed along with the accumulation of metabolites, leading to energy metabolism disorder and growth stagnation in F. oxysporum. In contrast, the inhibitory effect from MTEO treatment was less pronounced. Furthermore, MNEO also demonstrated inhibition on meiosis, ribosome function, and ribosome biogenesis in F. oxysporum growth process. These findings suggest that MNEO possesses enhanced stability and antifungal activity, which effectively hinders F. oxysporum through inducing energy metabolism disorder, meiotic stagnation, as well as ribosome dysfunction, thus indicating its potential for development as a green pesticide for prevention and control P. notoginseng root rot caused by F.oxyosporum.

Abstract Rhizome rot is a destructive soil-borne disease of Polygonatum kingianum and adversely affects the yield and sustenance of the plant. Understanding how the causal fungus Fusarium oxysporum infects P. kingianum may suggest effective control measures against rhizome rot. In germinating conidia of infectious F. oxysporum, expression of the zinc finger transcription factor gene Zfp1, consisting of two C2H2 motifs, was up-regulated. To characterize the critical role of ZFP1, we generated independent deletion mutants (zfp1) and complemented one mutant with a transgenic copy of ZFP1 (zfp1 tZFP1). Mycelial growth and conidial production of zfp1 were slower than those of wild type (ZFP1) and zfp1 tZFP1. Additionally, a reduced inhibition of growth suggested zfp1 was less sensitive to conditions promoting cell wall and osmotic stresses than ZFP1 and zfp1 tZFP1. Furthermore pathogenicity tests suggested a critical role for growth of zfp1 in infected leaves and rhizomes of P. kingianum. Thus ZFP1 is important for mycelial growth, conidiation, osmoregulation, and pathogenicity in P. kingianum.

In this investigation, a high-strength Mg-12Gd-1.0Er-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy sheet was produced by hot extrusion (HE) and subsequent hard-plate rolling (HPR) at different temperatures. The results indicate that the microstructures of these final-rolled sheets are inhomogeneous, mainly including coarse deformed grains and dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains, and the volume fraction of these coarse deformed grains increases as the rolling temperature increases. Thus, more DRXed grains can be found in R-385 °C sheet, resulting in a smaller average grain size and weaker basal texture, while the biggest grains and the highest strong basal texture are present in R-450 °C sheet. Amounts of dynamic precipitation of β phases which are mainly determined by the rolling temperature are present in these sheets, and its precipitation can consume the content of Gd solutes in the matrix. As a result, the lowest number density of β phase in R-450 °C sheet is beneficial to modify the age hardening response. Thus, the R-450 °C sheet displays the best age hardening response because of a severe traditional precipitation of β' (more) and βΗ /βΜ (less) precipitates, resulting in a sharp improvement in strength, i.e. ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ∼ 518 ± 17 MPa and yield strength (YS) of ∼ 438±18 MPa. However, the elongation (EL) of this sheet reduces greatly, and its value is ∼ 2.7 ± 0.3%. By contrasting, the EL of the peak-aging R-385 °C sheet keeps better, changing from ∼ 4.9 ± 1.2% to ∼ 4.8 ± 1.4% due to a novel dislocation-induced chain-like precipitate which is helpful to keep good balance between strength and ductility.

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are highly prevalent endocrine system diseases. However, studies on the molecular mechanisms of T2DM and PCOS at the transcriptomic level are still few. Thus, we aimed to reveal the potential common genetic and molecular pathways between T2DM and PCOS via bioinformatics analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We downloaded the GSE10946 and GSE18732 datasets for T2DM and PCOS, respectively, from the National Center for Biotechnology Information's Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. These datasets were subjected to integrated differential and weighted gene co-expression network analyses (WGCNA) to screen common genes. Thereafter, functional enrichment and disease gene association analyses were performed, transcription factor (TF)-gene and TF-miRNA-gene regulatory networks were constructed, and finally, the relevant target drugs were identified. RESULTS: We identified common genes (BIRC3, DEPTOR, TNNL3, ADRA2A) in T2DM and PCOS. Pathway enrichment analysis depicted that the common genes were enriched in smooth muscle contraction, channel inhibitor activity, apoptosis, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways. TFs such as SP7, KLF8, HCFC1, IRF1, and MLLT1 played key roles in TF regulatory networks. Orlistat was indicated to be an important gene-targeting drug. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first study to explore four diagnostic biomarkers and gene regulatory networks for T2DM and PCOS. The findings of our study provide novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of T2DM and PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is conventionally used in chemotherapy for colon adenocarcinomas. Acquired resistance of 5-FU remains a clinical challenge in colon cancer, and efforts to develop targeted agents to reduce resistance have not yielded success. Protosappanin B (PSB), the main component of Lignum Sappan extract, is known to exhibit anti-tumor effects. However, whether and how PSB could improve 5-FU resistance in colon cancer have not yet been established. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of PSB in 5-FU-induced chemoresistance in colon adenocarcinoma. Methods Forty-seven paired colon cancer tissue samples from patients who received 5-FU chemotherapy were collected as clinical samples. Two 5-FU resistant colon cancer cell lines were established for in vitro experiments. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine the mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression levels in colon adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Results LINC00612 was highly expressed in colon adenocarcinoma samples and 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells. LINC00612 knockdown enhances 5-FU chemosensitivity in 5-FU resistant cells. Notably, PSB treatment attenuated LINC00612 expression in 5-FU resistant colon adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, PSB treatment reversed the increase in LINC00612-induced 5-FU resistance. Mechanistically, LINC00612 specifically bound to miR-590-3p, which promoted 5-FU resistance in colon adenocarcinoma cells and attenuated the inhibitory effect of LINC00612 on GOLPH3 expression. Conclusion PSB attenuates 5-FU chemoresistance in colon adenocarcinoma by regulating the LINC00612/miRNA-590-3p/GOLPH3 axis. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Splicing factors are vital for the regulation of RNA splicing, but some have also been implicated in regulating transcription. The underlying molecular mechanisms of their involvement in transcriptional processes remain poorly understood. Results Here, we describe a direct role of splicing factor RBM22 in coordinating multiple steps of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription in human cells. The RBM22 protein widely occupies the RNAPII-transcribed gene locus in the nucleus. Loss of RBM22 promotes RNAPII pause release, reduces elongation velocity, and provokes transcriptional readthrough genome-wide, coupled with production of transcripts containing sequences from downstream of the gene. RBM22 preferentially binds to the hyperphosphorylated, transcriptionally engaged RNAPII and coordinates its dynamics by regulating the homeostasis of the 7SK-P-TEFb complex and the association between RNAPII and SPT5 at the chromatin level. Conclusions Our results uncover the multifaceted role of RBM22 in orchestrating the transcriptional program of RNAPII and provide evidence implicating a splicing factor in both RNAPII elongation kinetics and termination control.

Background: Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) is the primary pathogenic fungus that causes Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) root rot disease. To control the disease, safe and efficient antifungal pesticides must currently be developed. Methods: In this study, we prepared and characterized a nanoemulsion of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (Ne-FvEO) using ultrasonic technology and evaluated its stability. Traditional Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (T-FvEO) was prepared simultaneously with 1/1000 Tween-80 and 20/1000 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The effects and inhibitory mechanism of Ne-FvEO and T-FvEO in F. oxysporum were investigated through combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Results: Results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ne-FvEO decreased from 3.65 mg/mL to 0.35 mg/mL, and its bioavailability increased by 10-fold. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed that T-FvEO did not contain a high content of estragole compared to Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (FvEO) and Ne-FvEO. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis showed that both emulsions inhibited the growth and development of F. oxysporum through the synthesis of the cell wall and cell membrane, energy metabolism, and genetic information of F. oxysporum mycelium. Ne-FvEO also inhibited the expression of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase and reduced the content of 2-oxoglutarate, which inhibited the germination of spores. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Ne-FvEO effectively inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum in P. notoginseng in vivo. The findings contribute to our comprehension of the antifungal mechanism of essential oils (EOs) and lay the groundwork for the creation of plant-derived antifungal medicines.

OBJECTIVE: A lack of objective biomarkers is preventing the screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 combined with major depression disorder (COVID-19-MDD). The purpose of this study was to identify diagnostic biomarkers and gene regulatory mechanisms associated with autophagy; a crucial process significantly involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-MDD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using GSE98793 from the GEO2R analysis (GEO) database, and intersected with the COVID-19-related gene (CRGs) and autophagy-related genes (ARGs) to obtain common genes involved in. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of these common genes were performed. Subsequently, the transcription factor (TF)-gene regulatory network and comorbidity network were constructed. In addition, 10 drug candidates were screened using the DSigDB database. To identify diagnostic markers, we used LASSO regression. RESULTS: In total, 13 common genes were screened, which were primarily enriched in lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum membranes, and other endomembrane systems also associated with autophagy. Additionally, these genes were involved in neurological cell signaling and have a functional role in pathways related to vascular endothelial growth factor, tyrosine kinase, autophagy, inflammation, immunity, and carcinogenesis. Tumors and psychiatric disorders were the most highly linked diseases to COVID-19. Finally, ten drug candidates and eight diagnostic markers (STX17, NRG1, RRAGD, XPO1, HERC1, HSP90AB1, EPHB2, and S1PR3) were screened. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to screen eight diagnostic markers and construct a gene regulatory network for COVID-19-MDD from the perspective of autophagy. The findings of our study provide novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThere is a lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness of empowerment healthy education for caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients.ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of the intervention of health education guided by empowerment theory on dementia knowledge, caregiving readiness, positive caregiving emotions, anxiety, and depression in informal Alzheimer’s disease caregivers.DesignA single-blinded, randomized controlled trial.SettingA teaching hospital in Tianjin, China.ParticipantsEighty caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease patients.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the hospital and randomly assigned to either experimental or control group. The experimental group underwent a 12-weeks, one-to-one intervention of six session lasting 45–60 min each. The control group received conventional health education. Outcome measures included dementia knowledge, caregiver readiness (primary outcomes), positive caregiving emotions, anxiety, and depression (secondary outcomes).ResultsAfter 12 weeks, the intervention group exhibited significantly higher levels of dementia knowledge, caregiver readiness, and positive caregiving emotions compared with the control group. Furthermore, levels of hospitalization-related anxiety and depression were lower in the intervention group. All study results of this study showed statistically significant differences (p

Background: Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a prevalent flame retardant, but its health implications remain to be thoroughly understood. Objective: To explore the link between TPP exposure and gastric cancer by examining gene expression patterns and developing a predictive model. Methods: Gene expression data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were employed for analysis. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was used to obtain phosphate flame retardant-related scores. A predictive model was constructed through differential analysis, univariate COX regression, and LASSO regression. Molecular docking was performed to assess protein interactions with TPP. Results: ssGSEA identified scores related to phosphate flame retardants in gastric cancer, which had a strong association with immune-related traits. Several genes associated with TPP were identified and used to develop a prognostic model that has clinical significance. Molecular docking showed a high binding affinity of TPP with MTTP, a gene related to lipid metabolism. Pathway analysis indicated that TPP exposure contributes to gastric cancer through lipid metabolic processes. Conclusion: The study establishes a potential correlation between TPP exposure and gastric cancer onset, pinpointing key genes and pathways involved. This underscores the significance of environmental factors in gastric cancer research and presents a potential diagnostic tool for clinical application.

Objective: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common environmental endocrine disruptor that negatively impairs male reproductive ability. This study aimed to explore the alterations in serum metabolomics that occur following BPA exposure and the mechanism via which BPA induces the death of testicular cells in a male mouse model. Methods: The mice were classified into two groups: BPA-exposed and control groups, and samples were collected for metabolomic determination, semen quality analysis, electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time PCR, pathological staining, and Western blot analysis. Results: BPA exposure caused testicular damage and significantly decreased sperm quality in mice. Combined with non-target metabolomic analysis, this was closely related to ferroptosis induced by abnormal metabolites of arachidonic acid and phosphatidylcholine, and the expression of its related genes, acyl CoA synthetase 4, glutathione peroxidase 4, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3, and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 were altered. Conclusion: BPA induced ferroptosis, caused testicular damage, and reduced fertility by affecting lipid metabolism in male mice. Inhibiting ferroptosis may potentially function as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate the male reproductive toxicity induced by BPA.

The trajectory generator is an important tool for the algorithm research and simulation verification of inertial navigation systems and their integrated navigation systems. By exploring and analyzing the research status of trajectory generators in different carriers, the design methods and main ideas of the ideal, numerical algorithm and mathematical model trajectory generators are outlined, and the research focuses are summarized. The three types of trajectory generators are then simulated and compared, and their characteristics and problems are analyzed. Finally, possible prospects for the next step in trajectory generator research are briefly discussed, providing ideas for future research in this field.

Abstract Background Fusarium solani (F. solani) is the main pathogen causing root rot of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (P. notoginseng). Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (C. citratus) essential oil (EO) is a mixture of various active ingredients with good antifungal effects and no residue. However, due to its hydrophobicity and oxidation, its bioavailability is low. Results In this study, EO was made into a nanoemulsion using Tween-80 and anhydrous ethanol by ultrasonication. The antifungal activity of the traditional emulsion (TEO) and C. citratus nanoemulsion (NEO) was compared by measuring the effects on spores and mycelia and in vivo assays. The components of EO, TEO, and NEO were analyzed by GC‒MS, and the inhibitory mechanism of the emulsion against fungi was revealed by combining transcriptomics and metabolomics. The prepared NEO was a clear and transparent homogeneous liquid with a particle size of 15.86 ± 1.96 nm. It was an oil-in-water nanoemulsion and maintained good stability in different environments. The contents of antifungal components such as citronellal and linalool in NEO were significantly higher than those in TEO. The antifungal effect of NEO against F. solani was increased by 8 times compared with that of TEO. Through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, it was found that both NEO and TEO inhibited the fungi by destroying the cell membrane, thereby affecting the ribosome, meiosis and TCA cycle of the fungi, and NEO had a deeper effect than TEO. NEO also inhibited the gene expression of the CYR1 enzyme and decreased the amount of d-trehalose, thus inhibiting the germination of spores and thereby affecting the growth of mycelia. Conclusions This study not only solved the problem of EO insoluble in water and low bioavailability but also greatly improved the antifungal activity, revealing the antifungal mechanism and the reason for the enhancement of NEO activity. It provides theoretical research for further development and utilization of EO to produce environmentally friendly pesticides or fertilizers and alleviate root rot of medicinal plants. Graphical Abstract

Abstract The notion of topological insulators (TIs), characterized by an insulating bulk and conducting topological surface states, can be extended to higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) hosting gapless modes localized at the boundaries of two or more dimensions lower than the insulating bulk. In this work, by performing high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements with submicron spatial and spin resolution, we systematically investigate the electronic structure and spin texture of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) HOTI candidate Bi4Br4. In contrast to the bulk-state-dominant spectra on the (001) surface, we observe gapped surface states on the (100) surface, whose dispersion and spin-polarization agree well with our ab-initio calculations. Moreover, we reveal in-gap states connecting the surface valence and conduction bands, which is a signature of the hinge states inside the (100) surface gap. Our findings provide compelling evidence for the HOTI phase of Bi4Br4. The identification of the higher-order topological phase promises applications based on 1D spin-momentum locked current in electronic and spintronic devices.

Planting salt-tolerant plants is an efficient method of biological improvement for saline–alkali land. However, few studies have examined the soil improvement effects of the rotation of the green manure plant sesbania and the grain crop sorghum. Thus, we planted sesbania in native soil on heavily saline–alkaline coastal land and subsequently planted sorghum after returning the sesbania straw to the soil. The effect of this sesbania–sorghum rotation on soil improvement was clarified by comparing indicators of soil quality before and after sesbania and sorghum were planted, such as the soil structure, water infiltration, soil salt content, and soil microbial changes. The results showed that the soil bulk density of the plow layer (0–40 cm) after crop harvest decreased by 9.63% compared with that of bare land, and the soil porosity increased by 5.67%. The cumulative infiltration, initial infiltration rate, and stable infiltration rate of saline soil were 3.6 times, 2.8 times, and 3.3 times higher than those of bare land, respectively. With the growth of sesbania and sorghum, the soil salt content in the plow layer of the cultivated land decreased by 37.73%, while that of bare land decreased by 9.1%. A further analysis of desalination showed that the total desalination amount in the plow layer was 15.58 t/ha, of which 5% was due to plant absorption, and the rest was from salt leaching. Moreover, sesbania–sorghum rotation increased the soil organic matter content in the plow layer from 69.1 t/ha to 73.8 t/ha. The quantities of some microorganisms that are mainly found in coastal saline soil decreased, while those of some common soil microorganisms increased, reflecting an improvement in the soil quality. The above results prove that sesbania–sorghum rotation had a significant effect on soil improvement and salt reduction, which is of great significance for the further utilization of saline–alkali land to enhance crop productivity.

BackgroundThe interaction between environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as Bisphenol A (BPA), and their influence on cancer progression, particularly regarding the GOLPH3 gene in colorectal cancer, remains unclear.MethodsWe performed an integrated analysis of transcriptional profiling, clinical data, and bioinformatics analyses utilizing data from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and The Cancer Genome Atlas. The study employed ClueGO, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and Gene Set Variation Analysis for functional enrichment analysis, alongside experimental assays to examine the effects of BPA exposure on colorectal cancer cell lines, focusing on GOLPH3 expression and its implications for cancer progression.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that BPA exposure significantly promoted the progression of colorectal cancer by upregulating GOLPH3, which in turn enhanced the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells. Comparative analysis revealed elevated GOLPH3 protein levels in cancerous tissues versus normal tissues, with single-cell analysis indicating widespread GOLPH3 presence across various cell types in the cancer microenvironment. GOLPH3 was also associated with multiple carcinogenic pathways, including the G2M checkpoint. Furthermore, our investigation into the colorectal cancer microenvironment and genomic mutation signature underscored the oncogenic potential of GOLPH3, exacerbated by BPA exposure.ConclusionThis study provides novel insights into the complex interactions between BPA exposure and GOLPH3 in the context of colorectal cancer, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and measures to mitigate BPA exposure risks. Our findings advocate for further research to validate these observations in clinical and epidemiological settings and explore potential therapeutic targets within these pathways.

The inducible CRISPR activation (CRISPR-a) system offers unparalleled precision and versatility for regulating endogenous genes, making it highly sought after in plant research. In this study, we developed a chemically inducible CRISPR-a tool for plants called ER-Tag by combining the LexA-VP16-ER inducible system with the SunTag CRISPR-a system. We systematically compared different induction strategies and achieved high efficiency in target gene activation. We demonstrated that guide RNAs can be multiplexed and pooled for large-scale screening of effective morphogenic genes and gene pairs involved in plant regeneration. Further experiments showed that induced activation of these morphogenic genes can accelerate regeneration and improve regeneration efficiency in both eudicot and monocot plants, including alfalfa, woodland strawberry, and sheepgrass. Our study expands the CRISPR toolset in plants and provides a powerful new strategy for studying gene function when constitutive expression is not feasible or ideal.

An oxygen-rich and low NOx burner integrated with liquefied natural gas (LNG) was proposed to address unstable combustion and high NOx emissions from a 330 MW subcritical boiler under ultra-low load operation in China. To assess the effectiveness of the retrofit, Chemkin and Fluent softwares were utilized to construct a new NOx model and calculate NOx generation, based on the combustion of pulverized coal gas and LNG. Further, an eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model, which can reflect detailed chemical reactions, was applied to calculate gas-phase reactions in the furnace. The results showed that when performing the deep peak shaving after the retrofit, the combustion in the furnace was stable under 50% or more load, and NOx emission level at the furnace outlet was lower than 350 mg/m3 (6% O2 content, dry basis). Under 25% load, the oxygen-rich burner integrated with LNG was applied, and the pulverized coal flow entered the furnace in a state of high-intensity combustion, which effectively promoted the stability of combustion in the furnace. The reductive combustion state with reductive free radicals generated by LNG decomposition inhibited NOx formation. Consequently, NOx emissions from the furnace outlet decreased from 380 mg/m3 to 316 mg/m3.

Abstract Traditionally, in the oil and gas industry, accelerometers are mounted externally on motors for condition monitoring of vertically suspended, closed suction hydrocarbon pumps due to their inability to withstand harsh downhole environments, preventing the detection of impeller failures. This study addresses the need for encapsulation solutions for accelerometers submerged in hydrocarbon fluid environments. It evaluates the feasibility of epoxy and fluoroelastomer as encapsulation materials for long-term immersion in high-temperature hydrocarbon fluid and determines their impact on the accelerometer's performance. Extensive testing involved submersion in high-temperature hydrocarbon fluid at 150 °C for over 10,000 h and six months in brine. Material characterization, including mass variation, microscopic imaging, and FTIR spectroscopy, revealed negligible degradation. Encapsulated accelerometers effectively detected vibrations with an acceptable alteration in amplitude. In comparison with commercial alternatives, our encapsulation outperformed them. While oil traces became evident within just 24 h in the alternatives, our solution exhibited no signs of leakage. This research pioneers a novel packaging solution employing epoxy and fluoroelastomer for side-exit commercial sensors tailored for high-temperature hydrocarbon fluid applications, addressing a critical gap in the industry. Our work enhances reliability and safety for vertical oil pump condition monitoring in downhole applications, benefiting the oil and gas sector.

The diamond coating was prepared on Q235 steel by adding WC micro-powder to a nickel-based filler metal during induction brazing. The effects of WC powder on the microstructure and wear resistance of the diamond coating were studied. The microstructure and wear resistance of the diamond coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum, microhardness and wear loss tests. The results show that during the brazing process, diamond and WC micro-powder form metallurgical bonds with the nickel-based brazing alloy. The WC particles contribute to dispersion strengthening and fine-grain strengthening effects in the nickel-based matrix. The Rockwell hardness of the brazing alloy with a mass fraction of 10% WC increases by 7.5% compared to that without WC. Under identical wear experimental conditions, the mass loss of the diamond coating without added WC micro-powder was 0.196 g, while the mass loss of the coating with WC micro-powder added was 0.148 g. The wear resistance of the latter increased by 24.5%.

BackgroundDepression presents a significant risk to the physical and mental health of the elderly. The relationship between sleep and depressive symptoms has become a major research focus. However， previous research findings on this relationship have yielded inconsistent conclusions.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between sleep duration and depressive symptoms in the elderly， in order to provide insights into the prevention of depressive symptoms and delaying their progression in the elderly.MethodsData analysis involved 8 210 adults aged 60 years or older， utilizing data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS） survey. Participants were categorized into two groups those with depressive symptoms and those without- based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10 Scale （CESD-10） criteria. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms.ResultsThe 318 people with depressive symptoms were detected among the 8 210 elderly participants， with an average sleep duration of （6.14±2.05） hours per night. Restricted cubic spline models showed a non-linear association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms （χ2=412.670，P0.05）.ConclusionThere was an approximately nonlinear association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms， with differences by gender and age.［Funded by Sichuan Applied Psychology Research Center， Chengdu Medical College （number， CSXL-22226）］

Abstract Purpose This review aimed to reveal the influence of implant guides on surgical accuracy with regard to supporting types, manufacturing methods and design (including fixation screws and sleeves). Methods A literature search related to accuracy of surgical guides for dental implantation was performed in Web of Science and PubMed. Studies with in vivo or in vitro deviation data published in recent 5 years (2018–2022) were included and assessed by Newcastle–Ottawa Scale with regard to risk of bias and reliability degree of clinical studies. Accuracy-related deviation data were summarized as forest plots and normal distributions. Results Forty-one articles were included with high degree of credibility. Data showed that implant surgery accuracy can be achieved with mean distance deviation

Abstract Cold stress affects rice growth and productivity. Defects in the plastid-localized pseudouridine synthase OsPUS1 affect chloroplast ribosome biogenesis, leading to low-temperature albino seedlings and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we report an ospus1-1 suppressor, sop10. SOP10 encodes a mitochondria-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein. Mutations in SOP10 impair intron splicing of the nad4 and nad5 transcripts and decrease RNA editing efficiency of the nad2, nad6, and rps4 transcripts, resulting in deficiencies in mitochondrial complex I, thus decrease ROS generation and rescuing the albino phenotype. Overexpression of different compartment-localized superoxide dismutases (SOD) genes in ospus1-1 reverses the ROS over-accumulation and albino phenotypes to various degrees, with Mn-SOD reversing the best. Mutation of SOP10 in indica rice varieties enhances cold tolerance with lower ROS levels. We find that the mitochondrial superoxide plays a key role in rice cold responses, and identify a mitochondrial superoxide modulating factor, informing efforts to improve rice cold tolerance.

Fusarium oxysporum strain PkF01 is the causal agent of Polygonatum kingianum rhizome rot. Here, we report, for the first time, the genome assemblies of the F. oxysporum strain PkF01 using the PacBio Sequel system. We obtained a total base number of 51.27 Mb in 87 contigs. The number of scaffolds and scaffold N50 were 86 and 2.46 Mb, with a 47.55% GC content. The number of coding sequences was 17,265, with total length of 36.61 Mb, average length of 1.77 kb, and a gene density of 0.34 kb. A total of 11,447, 14,734, 10,759, and 4,434 genes were annotated using the Pfam, COG, GO, and KEGG databases, respectively. A total of 764, 335, 1,572, 216, 4,245, 1,591, 2,242, and 1,926 genes were annotated using the CAZy, CYP450, DFVF, CARD, PHI, SignalP, TCDB, and TMHMM databases, respectively. Collinearity analysis showed that the PkF01 genome shared more homologous genomic regions with F. oxysporum f. sp. lilii strain Fol39 than with F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strain Fol4287, indicating that the PkF01 genome is more closely related to the Fol39 rather than the Fol4287 genome. The high-quality genome sequences of PkF01 will provide a valuable resource for not only investigating both the pathogenicity mechanism and host specificity in F. oxysporum but also exploring disease control measures. [Figure: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

The researches on the diffusion of key nuclide Se in Beishan granite, which is the pre-selected surrounding rock of China’s high-level radioactive waste geological repository, were summarized, including research methods, relevant data obtained and work to be carried out. Moreover, the influence of temperature on the diffusion of 75Se(Ⅳ) in Beishan granite and the possible influence mechanism were analyzed emphatically, in order to provide useful references for domestic peers.

Background: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella and herpes zoster (VHZ), which is endemic worldwide. Although infection with VZV represents a considerable health threat, the global, regional and national burden of VZV infection, especially the probable relationship between VZV vaccines and the epidemiology of VZV infection, is poorly known. We sought to estimate the global spatial patterns and temporal trends of VHZ burden in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Numbers and age-standardized rates (ASR) of VHZ incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were estimated using data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019. Spatiotemporal trends in ASR were evaluated by estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Results: Worldwide, in 2019, there were approximately 84.0 million incidence and 0.9 million DALYs due to VHZ. The corresponding ASIR (age-standardized incidence rate) and ASDR (age-standardized DALY rate) drastically decreased in children (aged 50 years old), with highest ASIR and ASDR in the High-income Asia Pacific and Western Sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. From 1990–2019, the corresponding EAPC in ASIR were 0.03 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 0.02–0.04). Whereas the global EAPC in ASDR decreased in all regions (−1.59, 95% UI: −1.64 to −1.55), expect for Australasia (0.46, [0.05, 0.88]). Notably, in 2019, age-specific rates of VHZ DALYs presented a rapid growth trend after 70 years old. Conclusion: The spatiotemporal trends of VHZ were heterogeneous across countries from 1990 to 2019. The spatiotemporal trend in ASIR is highest in the High sociodemographic index (SDI) region, however the EAPC in ASDR is lowest, in part probably due to VHZ vaccination. Therefore, reducing morbidity and burden strategies such as vaccines programs for the prevention of VHZ should be promoted in those regions with high growth incidence and/or burden, especially for the population after 70 years old.

Abstract A novel betanucleorhabdovirus infecting Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, tentatively named Paris yunnanensis rhabdovirus 1 (PyRV1), was recently identified in Yunnan Province, China. The infected plants showed vein clearing and leaf crinkle at early stage of infection, followed by leaf yellowing and necrosis. Enveloped bacilliform particles were observed using electron microscopy. The virus was mechanically transmissible to Nicotiana bethamiana and N. glutinosa. The complete genome of PyRV1 consists of 13,509 nucleotides, the organization of which was typical of rhabdoviruses, containing six open reading frames encoding proteins N–P–P3–M–G–L on the anti-sense strand, separated by conserved intergenic regions and flanked by complementary 3′-leader and 5′-trailer sequences. The genome of PyRV1 shared highest nucleotide sequence identity (55.1%) with Sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV), and the N, P, P3, M, G, and L proteins showed 56.9%, 37.2%, 38.4%, 41.8%, 56.7%, and 49.4% amino acid sequence identities with respective proteins of SYNV, suggesting RyRV1 belongs to a new species of the genus Betanucleorhabdovirus.

The existing traditional monitoring methods are not ideal for identifying abnormal states in remote real-time monitoring of power system equipment due to adverse weather conditions such as haze and snow. The traditional monitoring methods for wind power equipment mainly rely on manual inspections and regular maintenance, which have problems such as high labor costs, low monitoring efficiency, and low monitoring accuracy. In order to improve the effectiveness of anomaly recognition for power system equipment, this paper proposes a remote real-time monitoring anomaly recognition method for power system equipment based on artificial intelligence technology. Firstly, this article uses pan tilt cameras to capture real-time images of power system equipment and transmit them to a remote monitoring center. The remote monitoring center captures real-time images of the equipment in the video stream and performs real-time image preprocessing. Then, the variational mode decomposition method is used to extract the abnormal state features of power system equipment in the image, and this feature is input into the support vector machine as a training sample to achieve real-time recognition of abnormal state of power system equipment. This article was also conducting fault diagnosis for four sets of wind turbines in the experimental section. According to the experimental results, it can be concluded that the rotational speed of wind turbine 1 increased from around 12 rpm to around 30 rpm during the day. During the day, the temperature of wind turbine 2 increased from around 25 °C to around 40 °C, while wind turbine 3 remained in a stopped state and the current speed decreased to 0. Wind turbine 4 also decreased from around 10 rpm to 0 during the day. From this, it can be concluded that the wind power equipment anomaly detection system based on artificial intelligence can clearly determine the abnormal situation of wind turbines. The wind power equipment anomaly detection system based on artificial intelligence can timely and accurately identify the abnormal situation of WPE, and can provide a new wind power equipment anomaly detection method based on artificial intelligence for the wind power industry. This can provide more accurate and reliable support for the operation and maintenance of wind power equipment, and also provide practice and exploration for the application of artificial intelligence in the industrial field.

Retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR), a photosensitive protein, functions as a retinal photoisomerase under light conditions in humans. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is linked to chronic ultraviolet exposure, which suggests that the photoreceptor RGR may be associated with tumorigenesis and progression of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the expression and function of RGR remain uncharacterized in SCC. This study analysed RGR expression in normal skin and in lesions of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease and invasive SCC of the skin with respect to SCC initiation and development. A total of 237 samples (normal skin (n = 28), actinic keratosis (n = 42), Bowen’s (n = 35) and invasive SCC (n = 132) lesions) were examined using immunohistochemistry. Invasive SCC samples had higher expression of RGR protein than the other samples. A high immunohistochemical score for RGR was associated with increased tumour size, tumour depth, Clark level, factor classification, and degree of differentiation and a more aggressive histological subtype. In addition, RGR expression was inversely correlated with involucrin expression and positively correlated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 expression. Furthermore, RGR regulates SCC cell differentiation through the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, as determined using molecular biology approaches in vitro, suggesting that high expression of RGR is associated with aberrant proliferation and differentiation in SCC.

This paper constructs a teaching model for the integration of Civics and Mental Health Education based on the VAR model, establishes an efficacy function by utilizing the system sequential covariate fitness, and sets the number of district states of the VAR model to be constant, so as to be able to understand the relationship between Civics and Mental Health Education comprehensively. In addition, the fitness function was established to objectively reflect the degree of coordination and fitness of the entire education system. Meanwhile, a composite system synergy degree model was constructed by combining coupling theory. And the gray correlation statistics were introduced, by taking the average of the results, they were able to determine the comprehensive weight of the evaluation indexes. In the LNL order difference variable, its value is 0.262, which is lower than the 1% critical value of 3.556, indicating that there is a basic consistency between college students’ mental health and Civic and Political Education in terms of cultivation objectives.

The G protein-coupled receptor Opsin 3 is critical for supranuclear cap formation mediated by solar ultraviolet radiation in human epidermal keratinocytes.

Abstract Background Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious debilitating disease caused by anti-resorption and anti-angiogenesis drugs, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Recent studies suggested that primary gingival wound healing may effectively prevent the development of MRONJ. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-level light therapy (LLLT) on promoting gingival wound healing in extraction sockets of MRONJ-like mice and preventing the occurrence of MRONJ. Furthermore, we explored underlying mechanisms. Methods Mice were randomly divided into the Ctrl, Zol, and Zol + LLLT groups. Administration of zoledronate and tooth extraction of bilateral maxillary second molars were used to build the MRONJ model, and LLLT was locally administered into the tooth sockets to examine the effect of LLLT. Next, to explore the function of IL-1RA, we performed LLLT with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) neutralizing antibody (named Zol + LLLT + IL-1RA NAb group) or negative control antibodies for tooth extraction in subsequent rescue animal experiments. Stereoscope observations, micro-computed tomography, and histological examination were conducted to evaluate gingival wound healing and bone regeneration in tooth sockets. The effects of LLLT on the migration capacities of zoledronate-treated epithelial cells were assessed in vitro. Results LLLT promoted primary gingival wound healing without exposed necrotic bone. Micro-computed tomography results showed higher bone volume and mineral density of the tooth sockets after LLLT. Histology analysis showed complete gingival coverage, obvious bone regeneration, and reduced soft tissue inflammation, with down-regulated pro-inflammation cytokines, like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and up-regulated IL-1RA expression in the gingival tissue in the LLLT group. The rescue assay further showed that the effects of LLLT promoting gingival wound healing and preventing MRONJ might be partially abolished by IL-1RA neutralizing antibodies. In vitro studies demonstrated that LLLT accelerated zoledronate-treated epithelial cell migration. Conclusions LLLT might promote primary gingival wound healing and contribute to subsequent bone regeneration of the tooth extractions in MRONJ-like lesions via IL-1RA-mediated pro-inflammation signaling suppression.

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women with a high mortality rate. However, the awareness and participation of women in cervical cancer screening were not high, and rare attention was paid to cervical cancer screening. The extensive promotion and execution of cervical cancer screening in China are still facing difficulties. In order to fully comprehend and evaluate the barriers and promote factors of cervical cancer screening in women, the objective of this study was to develop a scientifically sound and clinically useful Chinese cervical cancer screening intention scale. This study would allow for the development of targeted interventions which may contribute to the increase of individual participation in cervical cancer screening going forward. Methods This study used the Delphi method to construct a Chinese cervical cancer screening intention scale based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and evaluate its validity. The study was based on the overview of the TPB questionnaire proposed by Ajzen, and was conducted through the literature search and two rounds of the Delphi expert consultation. According to the literature search published from 2012 to 2022, the scale item pool was established and a questionnaire was designed. A survey of 16 experts from 6 different provinces, cities and regions in China was conducted, and the Delphi technique was used to collect and analyze expert opinions data. Results The final scale consisted of 4 dimensions and 23 items. The response rates in two rounds of expert consultation were 80% and 93.75%, respectively, with authority coefficients of 0.928 and 0.930. Variation coefficients varied from 0.07 to 0.21. Dimensions included “attitude towards behavior”, “subjective norm”, “perceived behavioral control” and “behavioral intention”. Conclusions Women’s cervical cancer screening intentions could be assessed with the scale, since it had high validity and reliability, as well as high authority and coordination, meanwhile affording explanations and improving the efficiency of interventions.

Using meteorological satellite data and the reanalysis dataset from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) and others, based on the accuracy evaluation of FY-3D/VASS temperature in North America, the climatic background, development and evolution of North America winter storm Uri in 2021, the triggering effects of polar vortex activities on Uri and the characteristics of atmospheric environment causing extreme low temperature and snowfall are studied. The results show that the average absolute error of FY-3D/VASS temperature at 100, 400 hPa and 850 hPa are 1.14℃, 1.44℃ and 2.63℃ respectively. It shows that FY-3D/VASS temperature can meet the demand of global extreme cold event monitoring, and it is an important data source in regions where conventional meteorological observation is insufficient. FY-3D/VASS temperature analysis shows that in February 2021, when winter storm Uri is active, the temperature in the western part of the key area of polar cold air activity in North America (50°-150°W, 50°-80°N) is 4-8℃ lower than climate mean. The cold air intensity is the strongest in the first ten days of February, and the maximum percentage of temperature anomaly is about 70%. Under the guidance of the warm high ridge in the northeast Pacific, the polar vortex intensifies and extends southward, and the cold air breaks out southward during the vertical rotation of the horizontal trough on the west side of the polar vortex center. The abnormal southward extension of the upper troposphere potential vorticity in high latitude provides upper-level dynamic forcing for the formation of Uri. The cold air in the low layer extends southward and intersects with the warm and humid airflow transported northward over the Gulf of Mexico along the west side of the subtropical high in southern United States. They trigger the low-level vortex of storm Uri and the rapid development of cloud system. The cloud causing strong snowfall of storm Uri shows convective characteristics, with the cloud top brightness temperature reaching lower than -40℃ and even lower than -52℃ in some areas. Lightning is also active in the storm cloud system which causes heavy snow.

To improve the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), in this study the combination of longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) and cathode channel is proposed to improve the power density performance and optimize the water-thermal management of PEMFC with a less pressure loss. The effects of the shape, spacing, angle of attack, and number of LVGs on the performance of PEMFC are investigated via numerical simulation. The results show that the current density of the PEMFC improved the most significantly by installing five groups of rectangular plane winglet with a 12 mm spacing and 45° angle of attack in the cathode channel, and that the peak current density increases by 33.3% with additional flow resistance loss of 164.64% than the initial design. The current density of the PEMFC increases with the increase of spacing, angle of attack, and number of vortex generator groups. Moreover, the vortex generator improves the distribution uniformity of temperature, water content, and oxygen content inside the PEMFC. Importantly, it is also observed that the secondary flow intensity of PEMFC channel is positively correlated with the current density of the PEMFC. When the angle of attack is 45°, the vorticity increases the most, i.e., 16.79% higher than that without a VG. Ultimately, the pressure drop and overall performance indicator of PEMFC with LVGs are demonstrated. Compared with the initial design, except the comprehensive performance of the 0° angle of attack has been improved, that of other schemes has been reduced. It is worth noting that, for other published optimization schemes, the research scheme proposed in this paper has certain advantages in terms of lifting current density with lower resistance loss. Therefore, it is still of great significance to improve the energy density of PEMFC.