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9 results on '"Xian Qiang Mao"'

1. City level CO2 and local air pollutants co-control performance evaluation: A case study of 113 key environmental protection cities in China

Author

Qing-Yong Zhang, Bo-Feng Cai, Mu-Dan Wang, Jun-Xia Wang, You-Kai Xing, Guang-Xia Dong, Zhen Zhang, and Xian-Qiang Mao

Subjects
Co-control, CO2 emission reduction, Local air pollutant emission reduction, Performance evaluation, Key environmental protection cities, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

‘Co-control’, or synergistically reducing CO2 and local air pollutant emissions, is an important strategy for cities to achieve ‘low carbon’ and ‘blue sky’ simultaneously. However, there were few studies to evaluate and compare the level of co-control of CO2 and local air pollutants in cities yet. The present study proposed qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate the level of co-control of CO2 and three local air pollutant (SO2, NOx, and particulate matter PM) emissions in key environmental protection cities in China over two periods (2012–2015 and 2015–2018). Statistical analysis found that, though three local air pollutant emissions positively correlated with CO2 emission, no significantly positive correlation was found between local air pollutants emission reductions and CO2 emission reductions, indicating that co-control effects were poor in general. By using the co-control effect coordinate system, qualitative evaluation showed that less than half of the sample cities could achieve co-control of the total amount of CO2 and local air pollutants. By employing the indicator of emission reduction equivalence (EReq), quantitative evaluation showed that the co-control level of the sample cities improved in 2015–2018 compared with 2012–2015. Further regression analysis showed that, reducing coal consumption and economic development significantly enhanced the co-control performance of the observed cities. The present case study proved that the proposed methods for evaluation and comparison of the city co-control performance works well, and can be used in other countries and regions to promote global cities racing to carbon and local air pollutants co-control.

Published
2022
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3. Rare Earth-Containing Waste Generated in Production and its Environmental Impact Analysis — Based on the Findings of Baotou Region, Inner Mongolia

Author

Xiang Qian Li, Tao Hu, Yi Qian, Zheng Yan Liu, Yu Ping Wu, and Xian Qiang Mao

Subjects
Pollution, Municipal solid waste, Waste management, media_common.quotation_subject, Rare earth, General Engineering, Environmental engineering, Inner mongolia, Tailings, Hazardous waste, Smelting, Environmental science, Environmental impact assessment, media_common
Abstract

The article is based on the survey of rare earth enterprises in Baotou region, Inner Mongolia, analyzes the sorts of rare earth-containing waste produced in rare earth production and their environmental impact. The main sorts of rare earth-containing waste include: low-grade ore generated in the mining sector, tailings from mineral concentrating; water-soaked residue generated in smelting and separating sectors, and solid waste from functional material producing sectors. The low-grade ore has a certain degree of radioactivity, if the economic and technological conditions allowed it also can be used to produce rare-earth. Tailings from mineral concentrating, in addition to radioactivity, it also produces environment pollution to atmosphere, soil and water. However, these tailings are not waste, but the second rare earth mine. Water-soaked residue is radioactive hazardous waste, now stored in line with disposal regulations. Solid wastes from functional materials producing have been recycled and have less impact on the environment.

Published
2012

5. Fusion of features in multi-temporal SAR imagery to detect changes in urban areas

Author

Peng Hou, Guangzhen Cao, Ya-Qiu Jin, and Xian-qiang Mao

Subjects
Synthetic aperture radar, Fusion, Computer science, business.industry, Frame (networking), Process (computing), Pattern recognition, Amplitude ratio, Fuse (electrical), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graph (abstract data type), Artificial intelligence, business, Remote sensing, Probability density distribution
Abstract

The Dempster-Shafer (D-S) algorithm is improved to fuse different features of multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images to detect changes in urban areas. Firstly, D-S theory is developed by not only considering the certainty of the sources, but also considering the average support of the sources to different subsets in the frame of discernment, in the process of evidence combination. In this way, it can assign conflict information in deferent sources reasonably and present a more reliable combination result. Secondly, amplitude ratio and distance between probability density distribution functions in Pearson graph of different temporal SAR images are extracted to present the change features in different scales. Lastly, the improved D-S algorithm is applied to fuse the two different features to detect change information of SAR images. An example of the Shanghai Lujiazui area using European Remote Sensing 2 (ERS-2) SAR images demonstrates the accuracy of the improved fusion algorithm.

Published
2009

6. Impact of changes in land cover and land use on thermal environment in Jingjintang urban area

Author

Peng Hou, Guangzhen Cao, Xian-qiang Mao, and Zhaojun Zheng

Subjects
Hydrology, Chine, Geography, Land use, Beijing, Climatology, Vegetation, Land cover, Spatial distribution, Far East, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
Abstract

In order to analyze the changes of underlay features in the urbanization process and their impact on characteristics of spatial distribution of LST in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan (Jingjintang) metropolitan region, MODIS LST Product and SPOT VGT NDVI Product are collected and their statistical features are calculated, then LST, Land cover/use (LULC) and their relationship are studied in detail. The main conclusions drawn from this research are as following: (1) there is different LST in different land surface with different land cover type. LST in urban and built-up region is maximum, LST in water region is minimum. And there is a negative correlation between NDVI and LST. The higher NDVI value is, the lower LST value is. (2) In Jingjintang region, there is higher NDVI and lower LST in 2006 than 2002, about 38.56% and 18.10% in turn. About in the single city, there are different change values. The change value of LST presents Beijing > Tangshan > Tianjin, (3) Comparison 2006 to 2002, the surface of Jingjintang region is dominated by class with both NDVI and LST increase and the percentage is 41.79%. The percentage of the class with NDVI increase and LST decrease is about 29.23%, 29.9.% and 39.40% in Jingjintang region, Beijing and Tianjin. And that with NDVI decrease and LST increase is about 20.57%, 14.75% and 12.12% in Jingjintang region, Beijing and Tianjin. Tangshan urban region is dominated by the class with NDVI decrease and LST increase, up to 35.54%. On the other hand, the percentage of NDVI increase and LST increase is about 26.36%. The different NDVI and LST change trend shown in different regions may result in their different urbanization level.

Published
2009

7. Research on buildings impacting on aerosol diffusing in urban area using remote sensing

Author

Sheng-tian, Yang, Zhi-feng, Yang, Xian-qiang, Mao, and Qi-jiang, Zhu

Subjects
Aerosols, Air Movements, Air Pollutants, China, Facility Design and Construction, Cities, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Employing remote sensing method to interpret the building volumetric ratio and aerosol status in Guangzhou, China. The relation between them and identified characteristics of their spatial distribution was analyzed. Results showed that building density and aerosol status are strongly correlated. It is indicated that the resistance of building to aerosol diffusing is one of factors influencing air pollution in urban area. On the basis of calculated results, building voluminous ratio of 5.6 is taken as the threshold impacting on aerosol diffusing, so the building voluminous ratio of Guangzhou should be limited to less than 5.6 in order to alleviate air pollution.

Published
2004

8. How Well Have China's Recent Five-Year Plans Been Implemented for Energy Conservation and Air Pollution Control?

Author

Xian Qiang Mao, Ji Zhou, and Corsetti, Gabriel

Subjects
*ENERGY conservation, *AIR pollution control, *ENERGY policy, *ENERGY consumption, *ENVIRONMENTAL policy, *ECONOMIC development
Abstract

This study evaluates how well China's 11th and 12th Five-Year Plans have been implemented in terms of energy conservation and air pollution control and deconstructs the effects of the economic, energy, and environmental policies included in the Plans. A "counterfactual" comparative-scenario method is deployed, which assumes a business as usual scenario in which the changes in economic, energy, and environmental parameters are "frozen", and then reactivates them one by one, with the help of LEAP modeling. It is found that during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the binding targets were basically achieved. Economic growth put a great strain upon the energy demand and the environment, but energy policy made a decisive contribution by promoting energy efficiency and structure. Environmental policy promoted the deployment of end-of-pipe treatment which led to the control of certain air pollutants but at the expense of an increase in energy use and in the emission of other pollutants. During the ongoing 12th Five-Year Plan period, energy policy's potential for efficiency improvement is shrinking, but economic policy is restraining economic growth thus making a positive contribution. Environmental policy attempts to enforce multipollutant reduction, but there is still insufficient focus on the cocontrol of different pollutants and CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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9. Framework of Evaluating Ecosystem Loss Caused by Accidents.

Author

Xiang-qian, Li and Xian-qiang, Mao

Subjects
ECOLOGICAL disturbances, ACCIDENTS, FORESTS & forestry, WETLANDS, ECOLOGY, GRASSLANDS, COAL gas
Abstract

Abstract: The article is to construct a framework of evaluating the loss of destroyed ecosystem. First, based on published studies, the article sums up the ecosystem services as 9 kinds: supply, gas regulation, etc., the evaluation methods for each kind of services are also summarized. Then the procedure of evaluating the loss of destroyed ecosystem is put forward. After that the article focuses on four major ecosystems, forests, wetlands, grassland and farmland, analyzes their possible ecological service damages caused by accidents, and the alternative method of evaluating the loss. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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