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Supplementary Table 1 from IFN-γ Inhibits Gastric Carcinogenesis by Inducing Epithelial Cell Autophagy and T-Cell Apoptosis

Supplementary Figures 1-7 from IFN-γ Inhibits Gastric Carcinogenesis by Inducing Epithelial Cell Autophagy and T-Cell Apoptosis

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-7 from IFN-γ Inhibits Gastric Carcinogenesis by Inducing Epithelial Cell Autophagy and T-Cell Apoptosis

Background: Arthroscopic debridement of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon is a widely accepted procedure used in refractory lateral epicondylitis. However, residual pain occurs in some patients. Purpose: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of arthroscopic extended debridement (ECRB tenotomy and debridement) in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with refractory lateral epicondylitis were consecutively recruited for this study. They underwent traditional ECRB debridement (control group) or extended ECRB debridement (ED group) under arthroscopy. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) were used to compare elbow function between the groups at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed to evaluate pathology at 12 months. Results: A total of 69 patients participated in the study (33 patients in the ED group and 36 in the control group). After surgery, all patients showed improvement on all 3 outcome scores. Compared with the control group, the ED group had significantly better postoperative MEPS and VAS scores at 3 months ( P ≤ .001 for both) and 6 months ( P ≤ .03 for both) but similar values at 12 months. DASH scores between groups were similar at all time periods. At the 12-month follow-up, no patients in the ED group reported pain with strenuous work. Return-to-work (RTW) times were also shorter in the ED group compared with the controls (8 ± 4 vs 18 ± 8 weeks; P < .001). Postoperative MRI assessments revealed no high signal intensities on the lateral epicondyle in the ED group, while there was an increased internal signal intensity on the lateral epicondyle in 83% of the controls. Conclusion: Collectively, the extended ECRB debridement technique resulted in enhanced pain relief in the early postoperative period as well as providing faster RTW times compared with the traditional debridement technique. At 1 year follow-up, there were no differences in outcome measures between groups, but residual abnormal MRI findings were more common in the traditional debridement group.

The present study aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations, epidemiological characteristics, and outcomes of Chinese patients with voltage-gated potassium channel complex (VGKC) antibody-associated encephalitis. Patients diagnosed with VGKC antibody-associated encephalitis at our institution between January 2016 and December 2020 were included in this study. We retrospectively evaluated their clinical features, auxiliary examination results, treatments details, long-term outcomes, and risk factors for poor outcome. Of the 91 included patients, 61 (67.78%) were men and 30 (32.97%) were women. The most common clinical symptoms were seizures (n = 63, 69.23%), memory deficits (n = 62, 68.13%), mental behavioral disorders (n = 29, 31.87%), and hyponatremia (n = 57, 62.64%). Although patients with anti- leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) (n = 76) and anti- contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) encephalitis (n = 15) had similar clinical manifestations, the former were more diverse. In total, 86 (94.51%) patients were treated with immunotherapy. Over a median follow-up period of 25 months, there were no mortalities and 14 (15.38%) patients experienced a relapse. Univariate analysis indicated differences in sex, modified Rankin Scale scores at onset, movement disorders, central hypoventilation, and intensive care unit occupancy between the good- and poor- outcome groups. Patients with anti-LGI1 and anti-CASPR2 encephalitis showed similar clinical manifestations while presenting delineating characteristics. Those with VGKC antibody-associated diseases generally responded well to immunotherapy and demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes. Several factors affected the prognosis, and a long-term follow-up examination is necessary.

Using in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, the thermal behavior of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and 1H, 1H, 2H, and 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PTES) monolayers on SiO2 substrates has been investigated. OTS is thermally stable upto 573K with vacuum annealing, whereasPTES starts decomposing at a moderate temperature between 373 K and 423K. Vacuum annealing results in the decomposition of CF3 and CF2 species rather than desorption of the entire PTES molecule. In addition, our UPS results reveal that the work function (WF)of OTS remains the same after annealing, however WF of PTES decreases from ~5.62 eV to ~5.16 eV after annealing at 573K.

Using in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, the thermal behavior of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and 1H, 1H, 2H, and 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PTES) monolayers on SiO2 substrates has been investigated. OTS is thermally stable up to 573 K with vacuum annealing, whereas PTES starts decomposing at a moderate temperature between 373 K and 423 K. Vacuum annealing results in the decomposition of CF3 and CF2 species rather than desorption of the entire PTES molecule. In addition, our UPS results reveal that the work function (WF)of OTS remains the same after annealing; however WF of PTES decreases from ~5.62 eV to ~5.16 eV after annealing at 573 K.

The modulation of electrical properties of MoS2 has attracted extensive research interest because of its potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, interfacial charge transfer induced electronic property tuning of MoS2 are investigated by in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. A downward band-bending of MoS2-related electronic states along with the decreasing work function, which are induced by the electron transfer from Cs overlayers to MoS2, is observed after the functionalization of MoS2 with Cs, leading to n-type doping. Meanwhile, when MoS2 is modified with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F 4-TCNQ), an upward band-bending of MoS2-related electronic states along with the increasing work function is observed at the interfaces. This is attributed to the electron depletion within MoS2 due to the strong electron withdrawing property of F 4-TCNQ, indicating p-type doping of MoS2. Our findings reveal that surface transfer doping is an effective approach for electronic property tuning of MoS2 and paves the way to optimize its performance in electronic and optoelectronic devices.

To explore the effect of peptide extract from scorpion venom (PESV) to multidrug resistance (MDR) of leukemic stem cell (LSC) in vivo.K562/A02 cells were cultured and collected in the logarithmic phase. K562/A02 stem cells were screened using immunomagnetic beads for reserve. K562/A02 LSC was injected to 5 of 40 BABL/c nude mice for preparing subcutaneous tumor. The rest 35 nude mice were then randomly divided into 7 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the Adriamycin (ADM) group, the PESV group, the ADM +high dose PESV group, the ADM + middle dose PESV group, the ADM +low dose PESV group, 5 in each group. Tumor tissue was embedded in all groups except the normal control group. One milliliter normal saline was peritoneally injected to mice in the model group after modeling, once per day. ADM 0. 05 mg was peritoneally injected to mice in the ADM group, once per other day. PESV 2 μg was peritoneally injected to mice in the PESV group, once per day. Mice in 3 ADM + PESV groups were peritoneally injected with ADM 0. 05 mg (once per other day) plus PESV (5, 2, and 1 μg respectively, once per day). All medication lasted for 14 days. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was detected using flow cytometry. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and mRNA expression of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) were measured using RT-PCR. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) was detected using immunohistochemistry. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) was detected using Western blot. NF-κB content was detected using ELISA.CD34 + CD38-ratio was 31.5% and IC₅₀ was (60.33 ± 10. 68) μg/mL before K562/A02 cells were screened with immunomagnetic beads, while they were 92. 8% and (58. 33 ±9. 72) μg/mL after screen. The tumor formation rate was 100% in modeling mice. Compared with the model group, no statistical difference of each index occurred in the ADM group (P0. 05). There was statistical difference in BCRP, MDR1 mRNA, or NF-κB factor between the model group and the PESV group (P0. 05). The expression level of P-gp obviously decreased and the protein expression of P13K was down-regulated in 3 ADM + PESV groups (P0. 05); mRNA expression of BCRP decreased and mRNA ex- pression of MDR1 obviously increased in the ADM + high dose PESV group and the ADM + middle dose PESV group, with statistical difference (P0. 05). Protein expression of P13K was down-regulated in the ADM+ high dose PESV group, with statistical difference (P0. 05). P-gp value, BCRP mRNA expression, MDR1 mRNA expression, PI3K, and NF-κB factor were all obviously down-regulated in the ADM +high dose PESV group, as compared with the ADM group and the PESV group respectively (P0. 05). There was no statistical difference in ALDH1 positive rate among all groups (P0. 05). Conclusion PESV combined ADM could down-regulate expression levels of P-gp, BCRP, MDR1, P13K, and NF-κB, strengthen the sensitivity of K562/A02 LSC to ADM in vivo, and reverse MDR of LSC.

Exploration of soil environmental characteristics governing soil microbial community structure and activity may improve our understanding of biogeochemical processes and soil quality. The impact of soil environmental characteristics especially organic carbon availability after 15-yr different organic and inorganic fertilizer inputs on soil bacterial community structure and functional metabolic diversity of soil microbial communities were evaluated in a 15-yr fertilizer experiment in Chang-ping County, Beijing, China. The experiment was a wheat-maize rotation system which was established in 1991 including four different fertilizer treatments. These treatments included: a non-amended control (CK), a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer treatment (NPK); a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with swine manure incorporated treatment (NPKM), and a commonly used application rate of inorganic fertilizer with maize straw incorporated treatment (NPKS). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the 16S rRNA gene was used to determine the bacterial community structure and single carbon source utilization profiles were determined to characterize the microbial community functional metabolic diversity of different fertilizer treatments using Biolog Eco plates. The results indicated that long-term fertilized treatments significantly increased soil bacterial community structure compared to CK. The use of inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated for long term (NPKM, NPKS) significantly promoted soil bacterial structure than the application of inorganic fertilizer only (NPK), and NPKM treatment was the most important driver for increases in the soil microbial community richness (S) and structural diversity (H). Overall utilization of carbon sources by soil microbial communities (average well color development, AWCD) and microbial substrate utilization diversity and evenness indices ( H ’ and E) indicated that long-term inorganic fertilizer with organic amendments incorporated (NPKM, NPKS) could significantly stimulate soil microbial metabolic activity and functional diversity relative to CK, while no differences of them were found between NPKS and NPK treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on carbon source utilization profiles also showed significant separation of soil microbial community under long-term fertilization regimes and NPKM treatment was significantly separated from the other three treatments primarily according to the higher microbial utilization of carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, polymers, phenolic compounds, and amino acid, while higher utilization of amines/amides differed soil microbial community in NPKS treatment from those in the other three treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) availability, especially soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and Cmic/SOC ratio are the key factors of soil environmental characteristics contributing to the increase of both soil microbial community structure and functional metabolic diversity in the long-term fertilization trial. Our results showed that long-term inorganic fertilizer and swine manure application could significantly improve soil bacterial community structure and soil microbial metabolic activity through the increases in SOC availability, which could provide insights into the sustainable management of China's soil resource.

Transgenic technology has enormous significance in increasing food production, protecting biodiversity and reducing the use of chemical pesticides and so on. However, there may be some security risks; therefore, research on genetically modified crop identification technology is attracting more and more attention. Mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with feature extraction methods were used to investigate the feasibility of identifying different kinds of transgenic soybeans in the wavelength range of 3 818～734 cm-1. For this purpose, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed as pattern recognition methods to classify three non-GMO parent soybeans(HC6, JACK and W82)and their transgenic soybeans. The results of the calibration set were 96.67%, 96.67% and 83.33% for three non-GMO parent soybeans and their transgenic soybeans, and the results of the prediction set were 83.33%, 85% and 85%. X-loading weights, variable importance in the projection (VIP) algorithm and second derivative (2-Der) algorithm were applied to select sensitive wavenumbers. The sensitive wavelengths selected with x-loading weights were used to build PLS-DA model, the classification accuracy of the calibration set were 91.11%, 91.67% and 81.67%, and the results of the prediction set were 80%, 80% and 75%. By using the VIP algorithm, the classification accuracy of the calibration set were 94.44%, 95% and 76.67%, and the results of the prediction set were 80%, 85% and 75%. By using the 2-Der algorithm, the classification accuracy of the calibration set were 88.89%, 81.67% and 80%, and the results of the prediction set were 76.67%, 75% and 75%. Principal components analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) were applied to extract feature information. The principal components were combined with PLS-DA model. The classification accuracy of the calibration set were 96.67%, 90% and 80%, and the results of the prediction set were 80%, 90% and 80%. The independent components were combined with PLS-DA model. The classification accuracy of the calibration set were 93.33%, 83.33% and 83.33% while the results of the prediction set were 83.33%, 75% and 75%. The overall results indicated that mid-infrared spectroscopy could accurately identify the varieties of the non-GMO parent soybeans, which provided a new idea for nondestructive testing of transgenic soybeans. Feature extraction methods could be used to build more concise models and reduce the amount of program operations combined with sensitive wavenumbers selection methods.

Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging technology combined with chemometrics was applied for rapid and non-invasive transgenic soybeans variety identification. Three different non-GMO parent soybeans(HC6, JACK, TL1)and their transgenic soybeans were chosen as the research object. The developed hyperspectral imaging system was used to acquire the hyperspectral images in the spectral range of 874~1 734 nm with 256 bands of soybeans, and the reflectance spectra were extracted from the region of interest (ROI) in the images. After eliminating the obvious noises, the moving average(MA)was applied as smooth pretreatment, and the wavelengths from 941~1 646 nm were used for later analysis. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)was employed as pattern recognition method to class the three different non-GMO parent soybeans. The classification accuracy of both the calibration set and the prediction set were 97.50% and 100% for the HC6, 100% and 100% for the JACK, 96.25% and 92.50% for the TL1, which indicated that hyperspectral imaging technology could identify the varieties of the non-GMO parent soybeans. Then PLS-DA was applied to classify non-GMO parent soybean and its transgenic soybean cultivars for building discriminant models. For the full spectra, the classification accuracy of both the calibration set and the prediction set were 99.17% and 99.17% for the HC6 and its transgenic soybean cultivars, 87.19% and 81.25% for the JACK and its transgenic soybean cultivars, 99.17% and 98.33% for the TL1 and its transgenic soybean cultivars, respectively. The sensitive wavelengths were selected by x-loading weights, and the classification accuracy of the calibration set and prediction set of PLS-DA models based on sensitive wavelengths were 72.50% and 80% for the HC6 and its transgenic soybean cultivars, 80.63% and 79.38% for the JACK and its transgenic soybean cultivars, 85% and 85% for the TL1 and its transgenic soybean cultivars, respectively. These results showed that the pattern recognition for non-GMO parent soybean and their transgenic soybeans was feasible, and the selected sensitive wavelengths could be used for the pattern recognition of non-GMO parent soybeans and transgenic soybeans. The overall results indicated that it was feasible to use near-infrared hyperspectral imaging technology for the pattern recognition of the non-GMO parent soybeans varieties, non-GMO parent soybean and its transgenic soybeans. This study also provided a new alternative for rapid and non-destructive accurate identification of transgenic soybean.

The structural, mechanical, electronic, and bonding properties and phase transition of NaZnSb are explored using the generalized gradient approximation based on ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory.With the help of the quasi-harmonic Debye model, we probe the Gruneisen parameter, thermal expansivity, heat capacity, Debye temperature, and entropy of NaZnSb in the tetragonal phase. The results indicate that the lattice constants and the bulk modulus and its first pressure derivative agree well with the available theoretical and experimental data. NaZnSb in its ground state structure exhibits a distinct energy gap of about 0.41 eV, which increases with increasing pressure. Our conclusions are consistent with the theoretical predictions obtained by the ABINIT package, but are different from those obtained through the tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital method. As a result, further experimental and theoretical researches need to be carried out. For the purpose of providing a comparative and complementary study for future research, we first investigate the thermodynamic properties of NaZnSb.

A planar capacitive sensor is designed for security detection. The different length of the sensor electrodes are design and the experiments are presented. For the relations between sensor structure parameters and the sensor potential distribution, detailed analyses are presented and the qualitative conclusions are discussed. The signal strength and measurement range of the sensor can be improved by enlarge the length of the sensor electrodes. The experimental results indicate that the sensor is more portable, easy to minimize, and applicable to the detection of a variety of sizes of containers. It is feasible to be applied to security detection.

The structures and electronic properties of a series small mixed aluminum boron clusters AlB n - and Al 2 B n - (n = 1−9) have been investigated systematically with the density functional approach. Results show that the ground state prefers the lowest spin state except Al 2 B - and the Al atom tends to be adsorbed at the surface in both boron–aluminum systems. Moreover, results about the stability indicate clusters AlB 8 - and Al 2 B 7 - have the considerable enhanced stability among the clusters of AlB n - and Al 2 B n - (n = 1−9). Besides, the electronic and magnetic properties for two systems are also investigated, and the total magnetic moments as a function of cluster size show a dramatic odd–even alternative behavior for clusters AlB n - , while the addition of one more Al atom makes the total magnetic moments of the clusters Al 2 B n - contrary except n = 1.

A multi-spiral capacitive sensor is proposed to improve the sensor performance, and the relation between the geometric parameters design of the sensor and the sensor performance is discussed. Compared to traditional sensors, under the same measurement conditions, the electrical field distribution of the multi-spiral-shaped sensor is presented. The detail effects of the sensor design parameters, such as gaps between the sensor electrodes, the effective area and the geometry of the sensor plates are qualitative analyzed. The experimental results prove that the complex structure sensor can improve the measurement linearity, signal strength and measurement sensitivity.

The purpose of this study is to examine germ cells apoptosis and reduction of spermatogenesis which might be induced by deltamethrin (DM). Furthermore, the study is performed to determine if the apoptosis is mediated by the signaling proteins: eNOS, JNK1 and androgen receptor (AR). Fifty-four male SD rats were divided into nine groups (six rats each): blank control group; corn oil treated group; DM treated group; saline treated group; DM + saline treated group; DM + histamine (eNOS specific agonist) treated group; 50% ethanol treated group; DM + 50% ethanol group and DM + quercetagetin (JNK1 specific inhibitor) treated group. The experiment was conducted for 15 days. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL; S -nitrosylation of JNK1 was examined by the biotin switch assay; eNOS expression and Ser650 phosphorylation of AR were assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. DM treated group showed notable apoptotic cells and reduced production of sperm, while DM plus histamine group and DM plus quercetagetin group showed remarkably decreased apoptosis and improved production of sperm. Administration of DM inhibited spermatogenesis, the activity of eNOS and S -nitrosylation of JNK1. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of AR was shown to be elevated. Histamine and quercetagetin were also examined to have a further confirmation. It is suggested DM-induced germ cells apoptosis and reduction of sperm production were mediated by eNOS-JNK1-AR signaling pathway.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of serum containing a combination of yi-qi-yang-yin-tang (YQYYT) and daunorubicin (DNR) on multidrug resistance in KG1a leukemia stem cells (LSCs). The effects of YQYYT and DNR on proliferation, cell cycle progression and the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), topoisomerase II (Topo II) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in KG1a cells were investigated in vitro using cell counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. It was revealed that YQYYT-containing serum did not affect proliferation of KG1a cells compared with the blank group. Furthermore, there were no significant differences on the inhibition of proliferation among different groups at various concentrations of YQYYT. Treatment with YQYYT-containing serum (volume, 20 and 40 µl) and DNR was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of KG1a cells compared with the blank group. The inhibition rate in the treatment group with YQYYT-containing serum (40 µl) and DNR for 48 h (72.5%) was higher compared with treatment for 24 h (60.4%, P

Characteristics of diesel engine emission are studied on emulsified diesel oil with diethyl ether through elucidation on their mechanism of exhaust emission reduction. The amount of emission pollutants changes with various engine loads. Comparison is made on the emission effect of engines fueled with diesel oil and emulsified diesel oil respectively. Experiment shows that emulsified diesel oil with 10% of diethyl ether can significantly brought down the emission of NOx and smoke intensity on high load, particularly the emission of HC and CO on low load.

We investigate the elastic and thermodynamic properties of nanolaminate V2AlC by using the ab initio pseudopotential total energy method. The axial compressibility shows that the c axis is always stiffer than a axis. The elastic constants revealed the structural instability at about 500 and 732 GPa. Furthermore, elastic constants C44 reached its maximum at about 550 GPa, differing with the other four C11, C12, C13 and C33 constants. The Poisson’s ratio investigations demonstrated that a higher ionic or weaker covalent contribution in intra-atomic bonding and the degree of ionicity increases with pressure. The G/B and B/C44 investigations revealed that V2AlC is brittle and the brittleness decreases with pressure. Also, we found that V2AlC is elastic anisotropic materials and the degree of anisotropy rapidly rises with pressure. Study on Debye temperature and Gruneisen parameter observed weak temperature and strong pressure responses, whereas the sensitive dependence in the thermal expansion coefficient and Helmholtz free energy are clearly seen.

A theoretical study of several para-substituted N-methyl-N-nitrosobenzenesulfonamide biological molecules in MeCN solution has been performed using quantum computational ab initio RHF and density functional B3LYP and B3PW91 methods with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Geometries obtained from DFT calculations were used to perform natural bond orbital analysis. The results show that an intramolecular hydrogen bond exists in the selected molecules, which is confirmed by the NBO analysis. The p characters of the two nitrogen natural hybrid orbitals \( \sigma_{{{\text{N}}3 - {\text{N}}2}} \) increase with increasing \( \sigma_{p} \) values of the para-substituent group on the benzene ring, which results in a lengthening of the N3–N2 bond. It is noted that the weakness of the N–N bond is due to \( n_{{{\text{O}}1}} \to \sigma_{{{\text{N}}3 - {\text{N}}2}}^{*} \) delocalization and is responsible for the longer N3–N2 bond. In addition, there is a direct correlation between hyperconjugation \( n_{{{\text{O}}1}} \to \sigma_{{{\text{N}}3 - {\text{N}}2}}^{*} \) and the bond dissociation energy in the system, which is confirmed by comparison with isoelectronic isomers.

Using the BALB/c mouse multidrug resistance model of leukemia, the effect of peptide extract from scorpion venom (PESV) to the upstream signal factors of P-gp of MDR leukemia stem cells on the mouse tumor block was observed, and the mechanism of PESV to reverse the MDR of LSC was studied. At the same time, the expression of P-gp, MDR1 mRNA and PI3-K, NF-κB were respectively detected through flow cytometry, RT-PCR, Western blot and Elisa, and the mouse liver, spleen were examined via histopathological methods. The results of the experiment were as follows: mice of the control group didn't show any obvious changes, while mice of the other six groups all showed arched back, emaciation, liver swell, and inflammation was found in all liver tissue. The expression level of P-gp and PI3K on the LSC membrane of mouse tumor block was down-regulated; the expression of MDR1 mRNA in the cytoplasm was obviously down in the PESV low dose group, and which was inordinately up in the middle dose group and the high dose group. The expression level of NF-κB in the leukemia stem cell nucleus remarkably decreased. PESV had a outstanding role of down-regulating PI3K, NF-κb, MDR1 which were all upstream factors of P-gp, and to a certain degree enhanced the sensitivity of LSC to ADM. Therefore, this experiment explained one of the mighty mechanism of PESV to reverse MDR of LSC, and provided a foundation to further study of combinational anti-cancer effects of PESV.

There are two important features on microstructure of shale.Firstly, Shale rocks are composed of rather fine grained particles, and their pores are very small, at the scale of nanometers.Gas slippage is complicate because its pore diameter is typically less than 10 nm. Secondly, a large amount of shale gas are absorbed in shale the same as coal-bed methane. Adsorbed gas desorption changes the structure. Permeability of shale is dynamic because of Nano-pore structure and desorption of absorbed gas during production. Shale gas slippage dynamic characteristics is researched in Nano-scale pores,based on capillary bundle medle and solid deformation theory. Mathematical model results show that pore diameter and pressure have important effect on permeability. Permeability increases firstly then reduces because of pressure drawdown when pore diameter is less than 10 nm. The lager pore diameter is, the lower pressure point of permeability Inflection and the faster permeability decline rate is. Gas molecular diffusion has less influence on flow when pore diameter is lager than 20 nm and when pressure is lager than 10 MPa. This model can be used for shale gas evaluation and production optimization.

Chemical mechanical polishing (hereinafter referred to as CMP) which is to provide the best global planarization technology has been researched and applied in the field of ultra-precision surface finish. This article outlines the principles of the CMP process, focusing on the development of the major theoretical models such as phenomenological model, contact mechanics model, fluid dynamics model and hybrid model based contact mechanics and fluid dynamics in chemical mechanical polishing process. The hybrid model based contact mechanics and fluid dynamics has been a good developed in recent years. The model based on the molecular / atomic scale is proposed the further research methods of CMP's theoretical model.

This paper studies the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of the wafer's material such as stainless steel, monocrystalline silicon etc, and analyzes how the technological parameters’ impact on the final wafer’s surface material removal rate, surface quality and surface damage like the polishing pad’s speed and the wafer speed, polishing pressure and polishing time.The results show that: when the difference between the polishing pad's rotation speed and the wafer's rotation speed is small and their directions are the same , then the material removal rate of the wafer is larger.when the polishing pressure is selected between 5 to 6.5 kPa, the wafer surface's damage is smaller.The polishing time also play a very important role and affect the surface quality and surface damage of the wafer after polishing.

The adsorption of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 monolayer (ML) of the transition metal Ni on the metal substrate Al(1 1 0) was studied using first-principles calculations at the level of density functional theory. The metal–metal system was analyzed with the generalized gradient approximation. Four stable atomic configurations were considered, and the optimized geometries and adsorption energies of different Ni adsorption sites on the Al(1 1 0) surface at selected levels of coverage were calculated and compared. The four-fold hollow site was determined to be the most stable adsorption site with adsorption energy of 5.101 eV at 0.25 ML, 3.874 eV at 0.5 ML and 3.665 eV at 1 ML. The adsorption energies of the four sites slightly decreased as the Ni coverage increased. Work function analysis showed that when Ni is adsorbed on the Al(1 1 0) surface, the work function decreased as the coverage increased due to depolarization. The Mulliken population and density of states were calculated to determine the charge distribution of the adsorption site, confirming that a chemisorption interaction exists between the adsorbed Ni atom and Al(1 1 0) surface atoms.

Author Manuscript 2012 June 15., IFN-γ mediates responses to bacterial infection and autoimmune disease, but it is also an important tumor suppressor. It is upregulated in the gastric mucosa by chronic Helicobacter infection; however, whether it plays a positive or negative role in inflammation-associated gastric carcinogenesis is unexplored. To study this question, we generated an H[superscript +]/K[superscript +]-ATPase-IFN-γ transgenic mouse that overexpresses murine IFN-γ in the stomach mucosa. In contrast to the expected proinflammatory role during infection, we found that IFN-γ overexpression failed to induce gastritis and instead inhibited gastric carcinogenesis induced by interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and/or Helicobacter infection. Helper T cell (Th) 1 and Th17 immune responses were inhibited by IFN-γ through Fas induction and apoptosis in CD4 T cells. IFN-γ also induced autophagy in gastric epithelial cells through increased expression of Beclin-1. Finally, in the gastric epithelium, IFN-γ also inhibited IL-1β- and Helicobacter-induced epithelial apoptosis, proliferation, and Dckl1[superscript +] cell expansion. Taken together, our results suggest that IFN-γ coordinately inhibits bacterial infection and carcinogenesis in the gastric mucosa by suppressing putative gastric progenitor cell expansion and reducing epithelial cell apoptosis via induction of an autophagic program. Cancer Res; 71(12); 4247–59.

In this paper we deal with complex differential equations of the form \begin{eqnarray*} f^{(k)}+a_{k-1}(z)f^{(k-1)}+\cdot\cdot\cdot+a_{1}(z)f^{'}+a_{0}(z)f=0 \end{eqnarray*} with the coefficients in Fock type space. The relation between the solutions and coefficients in Fock type space is obtained.

In this study, first-principles calculations of the crystal structure and the elastic properties of osmium have been carried out using the plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method. The calculated values are in very good agreement with experimental data as well as with some of the existing model calculations. The pressure dependence of the elastic constants, the aggregate elastic moduli (B, G, E), the Poisson's ratio, the Lame constant, the compressibility, the longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocities, the Debye temperature and the elastic anisotropy have been investigated. Moreover, the temperature and pressure dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient is estimated from the Debye approximation.

Histidine decarboxylase (HDC), the unique enzyme responsible for histamine generation, is highly expressed in myeloid cells, but its function in these cells is poorly understood. Here we show that Hdc-knockout mice show a high rate of colon and skin carcinogenesis. Using Hdc-EGFP bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice in which EGFP expression is controlled by the Hdc promoter, we show that Hdc is expressed primarily in CD11b +Ly6G+ immature myeloid cells (IMCs) that are recruited early on in chemical carcinogenesis. Transplant of Hdc-deficient bone marrow to wild-type recipients results in increased CD11b + Ly6G + cell mobilization and reproduces the cancer susceptibility phenotype of Hdc-knockout mice. In addition, Hdc-deficient IMCs promote the growth of tumor allografts, whereas mouse CT26 colon cancer cells downregulate Hdc expression through promoter hypermethylation and inhibit myeloid cell maturation. Exogenous histamine induces the differentiation of IMCs and suppresses their ability to support the growth of tumor allografts. These data indicate key roles for Hdc and histamine in myeloid cell differentiation and CD11b+Ly6G+IMCs in early cancer development. © 2011 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the compactness of differences of composition operators acting on the weighted Bergman spaces in the unit ball. A representation of a composition operator as a finite sum of composition operators modulo compact operators is also studied.

Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the properties of a set of molecular descriptors for 14 fluoroquinolone with anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed in order to reduce dimensionality and investigate the effectiveness of variables, i. e., which subset of variables should be more effective for classifying fluoroquinolones according to their antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa. The PCA results showed that the variables E LUMO, ΔE HL, Q 5, Q 6, logP, MR, and MP are responsible for the separation between compounds with higher and lower anti-P. aeruginosa activity. The HCA results were similar to those obtained using PCA. By using the chemometric results, four synthetic compounds were analyzed through the PCA and HCA. Two of them are proposed as active molecules against P. aeruginosa. The result is consistent with the observations of clinic experiments. The methodologies of PCA and HCA provide a reliable rule for classifying new fluoroquinolones with anti-P. aeruginosa activity.

First-principles calculations of the crystal structure and the elastic properties of α-Ta4AlC3 have been carried out with the plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method. The calculated values are in very good agreement with experimental data as well as with some of the existing model calculations. The pressure dependence of the elastic constants cij, the aggregate elastic moduli (B, G, E), the Poisson's ratio, and the elastic anisotropy has been investigated. Using the quasi-harmonic Debye model considering the phonon effects, the temperature and pressure dependencies of isothermal bulk modulus, and the thermal expansions, and Gruneisen parameters, as well as Debye temperatures are investigated systematically in the ranges of 0–60 GPa and 0–1500 K as well as compared to available data.

First-principles calculations of the crystal structure and the elastic properties of OsN2 have been carried out with the plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method. The calculated values are in very good agreement with experimental data as well as with some of the existing model calculations. The dependence of the elastic constants c i j , the aggregate elastic moduli ( B , G , E ) , Poisson’s ratio, and the elastic anisotropy on pressure has been investigated. Moreover, the variation of the Debye temperature and the compressional and shear elastic wave velocities with pressure P up to 60 GPa at 0 K have been investigated for the first time.

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride (a-CNx:H) films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) in CH4–NH3 system. The chemical composition and bonding configuration were investigated by XPS and FTIR. The results indicated that both sp2CN and sp3CN bonds generally increased with the increase of the nitrogen concentration, and the N atoms bonded to C atoms through C N, C N and C N bonds. Remarkably, for FTIR spectra, two peaks (2125 and 2200 cm−1) were obviously observed, corresponding to C N bond which was found to predominantly exist in the isonitrile structure. As more nitrogen atoms were incorporated, the optical band gap was found to vary from 1.8 to 2.5 eV. Finally, the conduction mechanisms were discussed at low and high temperature, respectively.

Quantum chemical calculations are used to compute the heats of formation (HOFs) for 24 nitroester (NE) energetic compounds in which only 5 nitroester energetic compounds have the available experimental heats of formation. The heats of formation of the five compounds are calculated from isodesmic reactions by employing the hybrid density functional theory (DFT) (B3LYP, B3PW91, and B3P86) methods with 6-31G** and 6-311G** basis sets. It is demonstrated that B3PW91/6-31G** method can yield reliable HOFs, which has the mean absolute deviation of 1.1 kcal/mol. The HOFs of other 19 nitroester energetic compounds are calculated by using B3PW91/6-31G** method. Through the analysis of the calculated result, it is found that the computed heat of formation decreases when the number of methylene (CH 2 ) group increases for normal chain nitroester compounds. The further study shows that our results about gas-phase heats of formation of nitroester compounds are better than the results of Muthurajan et al. [H. Muthurajan, R. Sivabalan, M.B. Talawar, M. Anniyappan, S. Venugopalan, Prediction of heat of formation and related parameters of high energy materials, J. Hazard. Mater. A133 (2006) 30–45], and Byrd Edward and Rice Betsy [F.C. Byrd Edward, M. Rice Betsy, Improved prediction of heats of formation of energetic materials using quantum mechanical calculations, J. Phys. Chem. A 110 (2006) 1005–1013]. In addition, the condensed phase heat of formation of the nitroester compounds are computed through the same method of Byrd Edward and Rice Betsy.