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Abstarct Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis (MS). It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion. Due to the lack of unique clinical features, OMS is difficult to distinguish from other types of rhinosinusitis. Besides, the characteristic infectious pathogeny of OMS makes it is resistant to conventional therapies of rhinosinusitis. Its current diagnosis and treatment are thus facing great difficulties. The multi-disciplinary cooperation between otolaryngologists and dentists is absolutely urgent to settle these questions and to acquire standardized diagnostic and treatment regimen for OMS. However, this disease has actually received little attention and has been underrepresented by relatively low publication volume and quality. Based on systematically reviewed literature and practical experiences of expert members, our consensus focuses on characteristics, symptoms, classification and diagnosis of OMS, and further put forward multi-disciplinary treatment decisions for OMS, as well as the common treatment complications and relative managements. This consensus aims to increase attention to OMS, and optimize the clinical diagnosis and decision-making of OMS, which finally provides evidence-based options for OMS clinical management.

Abstract Metabolic abnormalities represent one of the pathological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Glutamic pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) is involved in glutamate metabolism and lipid synthesis pathways, whilst the exact roles of GPT2 in the occurrence and development of COPD remains uncertain. This study aims at investigating how GPT2 and the associated genes modulate smoking‐induced airway epithelial metabolism and damage by reprogramming lipid synthesis. The circulating or human airway epithelial metabolomic and lipidomic profiles of COPD patients or cell‐lines explored with smoking were assessed to elucidate the pivotal roles of GPT2 in reprogramming processes. We found that GPT2 regulate the reprogramming of lipid metabolisms caused by smoking, especially phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol (TAG), along with changes in the expression of lipid metabolism‐associated genes. GPT2 modulated cell sensitivities and survival in response to smoking by enhancing mitochondrial functions and maintaining lipid and energy homeostasis. Our findings provide evidence for the involvement of GPT2 in the reprogramming of airway epithelial lipids following smoking, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying GPT2‐mediated regulation, which may offer an alternative of therapeutic strategies for chronic lung diseases.

Background: Sedentary behaviour has been associated with an increased risk of falls among older adults. Although gait initiation (GI) is a promising tool used to assess fall risk, it has yet to be quantitatively evaluated for dynamic stability in sedentary populations. Tai Chi exercise is believed to be effective in preventing falls in older adults, but its effect on GI stability has not been quantified. This study aims to compare the stability of GI in sedentary older individuals versus those who are long-term Tai Chi exercisers by using a quantitative approach.Methods: This study included 17 sedentary older women without exercise habits (age: 65.59 ± 3.66 years, average daily sitting time: 8.735 ± 1.847 h/day) and 19 older women who regularly engage in Tai Chi exercise (age: 65.58 ± 3.63 years, years of exercise: 9.84 ± 3.48 years). Every participant underwent five trials of self-paced GI walking tests. Eight cameras and four force plates were used to obtain kinematic and kinetic parameters. The trajectory of the centre of mass (CoM) and the position of the foot placement were recorded. The anterior–posterior (A-P) and medio–lateral (M-L) dynamic stability at the onset and end moments of the single-legged support was calculated using CoM and gait spatiotemporal parameters. The stepping dynamic stability and foot placement positions of both groups were compared.Results: The Tai Chi group had greater stability in the M-L directions at the swing leg’s toe-off moment and in the M-L and A-P directions at the heel-strike moment, as well as significantly larger step length, step width and step speed during locomotion than sedentary older women. However, the stability in the A-P directions at the swing leg’s toe-off moment and the foot inclination angle was not statistically different between the two groups.Conclusion: Long-term regular Tai Chi exercise can enhance the dynamic stability of GI in older women, and effectively improve their foot placement strategy during GI. The findings further confirm the negative effect of sedentary on the stability control of older women and the positive role of Tai Chi in enhancing their gait stability and reducing the risk of falls.

ABSTRACT: Fowl adenovirus serotype 11 (FAdV-11) is one of the primary causative agents of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), which causes substantial economic losses in the world poultry industry. In this study, we characterized the genome of the fowl adenovirus serotype 11 (FAdV-11) isolate FJSW/2021. The full genome of FJSW/2021 was 44, 154 base pairs (bp) in length and had a similar organization to that of previously reported FAdV-11 isolates. Notably, compared with those of other reported FAdV-11 strains, the preterminal protein (pTP) of FAdV-11 FJSW/2021 has six amino acid (aa) insertions (S-L-R-I-I-C) between 470 and 475 and one aa mutation of L476F; moreover, the tandem repeat (TR) regions of TR1 and TR2 were 33 bp (1 repeat) and 1,080 bp (8 repeats) shorter than those of the Canadian nonpathogenic isolate ON NP2, respectively. The pathogenicity of FJSW/2021 was studied in 10-day-old specific pathogen-free chicken embryos following allantoic cavity inoculation and in 1-day-old, 1-wk-old and 2-wk-old SPF chickens following intramuscular inoculation with 107 TCID50 of the virus. The results showed that FJSW/2021 can induce typical severe IBH in chicks less than 2 wk old. These findings highlighted the genetic differences between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic FAdV-11 isolates. The data will provide guidance for identifying the virulence factors of FAdV-11 strains. The animal challenge model developed in our study will allow precise evaluation of the efficacy of potential FAdV-11 vaccine candidates.

Abstract To research the magnetic field and mechanical characteristics of the permanent magnet governor, the static magnetic field of the sector permanent magnet is analyzed by the molecular current method in the permanent magnet governor. The magnetic flux distribution is acquired at any spatial position. Comparing the analytical value with the simulation value, the results show that they are basically consistent. Based on the analytical formula, the influence of the radial position, radial length, thickness, and pole number on the magnetic induction intensity of the permanent magnet governor is studied. Thus, it provides the theoretical reference for the structural optimized design. At the same time, a test bench was set up to measure the magnetic induction intensity. The calculation and experimental results show that the magnetic induction strength of the permanent magnet is increased by 27.5%, the axial component of the air gap flux density is increased by 14.3%, and the permanent magnet material is reduced by 7.84%.

Abstract Telocytes (TCs) are a new type of interstitial cell identified in multiple tissues of mammals, including the human lung, and mediate homocellular or heterocellular cell‐cell communication. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by acute hypoxemia respiratory failure and combined with direct and indirect lung injury, which is induced by pneumonia, sepsis, burns, etc. Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease that occurs due to increased fibrosis of lung tissue in response to chronic injury of the epithelium and gets more and more attention as a well‐recognized sequela of ARDS or mechanical ventilation. However, the existing intervention measures could not prevent the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Although the protective effect of TCs in acute lung injury had been demonstrated in both cellular and animal models in previous studies by our or other researchers, the roles of TCs mediated cell‐cell communication in fibroproliferative ARDS is unclear. This review is aimed at integrating our understanding of TC‐mediated cell–cell communication in lung diseases with pulmonary fibrosis after ARDS.

Partial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an intermediate phenotype observed in endothelial cells (ECs) undergoing a transition toward a mesenchymal state to support neovascularization during (patho)physiological angiogenesis. Here, we investigated the occurrence of partial EndMT in ECs under hypoxic/ischemic conditions and identified general transcription factor IIH subunit 4 (GTF2H4) as a positive regulator of this process. In addition, we discovered that GTF2H4 collaborates with its target protein excision repair cross-complementation group 3 (ERCC3) to co-regulate partial EndMT. Furthermore, by using phosphorylation proteomics and site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrated that GTF2H4 was involved in the phosphorylation of receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) at serine 1330, which promoted the interaction between NCOA3 and p65, resulting in the transcriptional activation of NF-κB and the NF-κB/Snail signaling axis during partial EndMT. In vivo experiments confirmed that GTF2H4 significantly promoted partial EndMT and angiogenesis after ischemic injury. Collectively, our findings reveal that targeting GTF2H4 is promising for tissue repair and offers potential opportunities for treating hypoxic/ischemic diseases.

Abstract Background Telocyte (TC) is a recently defined renewed cell and its dominant intercommunication with other cells displays multiple functions in tissue homeostasis and diseases. Alveolar epithelial cells and immune cells were in the lung cancer heterogeneity, progression, and metastasis, and further associated with antitumor therapeutic strategies. However, few studies focus on the roles of TCs in lung cancer. Methods In this article, we used the public scRNA‐Seq data (including healthy control, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non–small cell lung cancer, lymph node metastases from non–small cell lung cancer, and systemic sclerosis–associated interstitial lung disease patients) to analyze the cellular dynamics in human lung and distinct types of TCs and their communication networks with the variety of cell types. Results Six subclusters of TCs were identified by expression of specific biological function markers, which demonstrated the diversity of TCs subsets in lung tissue. Further results showed TCs had communication with epithelial cells or immune cells subsets by the ligand–receptor interaction, including TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1CD63, fibulin 1integrin subunit beta 1, vimentinCD44, macrophage migration inhibitory factorCD74, and amyloid beta precursor proteinCD74. Ligand–receptor interaction heterogeneity was revealed in lung tissue of healthy or diseases. Enhanced specific signals in ligandreceptor interaction were revealed, including integrin beta 1 and CD44 were appraised in the communication of TCs with epithelial cells, NK cells, NKT cells, CD4+ exhausted T cells, CD4+ memory/effector T cells, CD4+ naïve T cells, CD8+ exhausted T cells, CD8+ memory/effector T cells, and CD8+ naïve T cells. CD63, a marker identified in TCs exosomes was emphasized in our current analysis which is closely related to communication of TCs with other cell types. Conclusion These results will provide us with new insight into the mechanisms of TCs‐dominated communication and promise therapy of TC exosomes in lung diseases.

Abstract Background Patients who possess various histological subtypes of early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have considerably diverse prognoses. The simultaneous existence of several histological subtypes reduces the clinical accuracy of the diagnosis and prognosis of early‐stage LUAD due to intratumour intricacy. Methods We included 11 postoperative LUAD patients pathologically confirmed to be stage IA. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was carried out on matched tumour and normal tissue. Three formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded cases were randomly selected for 10× Genomics Visium analysis, one of which was analysed by digital spatial profiler (DSP). Results Using DSP and 10× Genomics Visium analysis, signature gene profiles for lepidic and acinar histological subtypes were acquired. The percentage of histological subtypes predicted for the patients from samples of 11 LUAD fresh tissues by scRNA‐seq showed a degree of concordance with the clinicopathologic findings assessed by visual examination. DSP proteomics and 10× Genomics Visium transcriptomics analyses revealed that a negative correlation (Spearman correlation analysis: r = –.886; p = .033) between the expression levels of CD8 and the expression trend of programmed cell death 1(PD‐L1) on tumour endothelial cells. The percentage of CD8+ T cells in the acinar region was lower than in the lepidic region. Conclusions These findings illustrate that assessing patient histological subtypes at the single‐cell level is feasible. Additionally, tumour endothelial cells that express PD‐L1 in stage IA LUAD suppress immune‐responsive CD8+ T cells.

Abstract The deformation potential plays an important role in electrical transport properties, but in the context of high-throughput searches requires a consistent and readily computable reference level. Here, we design a high-throughput method for calculating the deformation potential for semiconductors in the MatHub-3d database. The deformation potential is obtained from the volume-dependent band edge (valence band maximum and conduction band minimum) variations with respect to the reference level. In order to adapt the calculation of reference level to a high-throughput manner, the average value of the first valence electron energy band associated with each compound is used as the reference level. Deformation potentials for 11,993 materials are calculated using the above-mentioned method. By considering the calculated deformation potentials, electronic structures, and bulk moduli, 9957 compounds with converged electrical transport properties are obtained. 332 promising p-type thermoelectric materials, and 321 n-type entries are then proposed. Among them, 156 compounds are screened to having both potentially good n- and p-type thermoelectric transport properties. The band structures and chemical bonding information for several typical compounds are further presented to reveal favorable band and bonding features for thermoelectrics.

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that IL-25 levels are increased in patients with asthma with fixed airflow limitation (FAL). However, the mechanism by which IL-25 contributes to airway remodeling and FAL remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that IL-25 facilitates pro-fibrotic phenotypic changes in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) and circulating fibrocytes (CFs), orchestrates pathological crosstalk from BECs to CFs, and thereby contributes to airway remodeling and FAL. Methods Fibrocytes from asthmatic patients with FAL and chronic asthma murine models were detected using flow cytometry, multiplex staining and multispectral imaging analysis. The effect of IL-25 on BECs and CFs and on the crosstalk between BECs and CFs was determined using cell culture and co-culture systems. Results We found that asthmatic patients with FAL had higher numbers of IL-25 receptor (i.e., IL-17RB)+-CFs, which were negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). The number of airway IL-17RB+-fibrocytes was significantly increased in ovalbumin (OVA)- and IL-25-induced asthmatic mice versus the control subjects. BECs stimulated with IL-25 exhibited an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotypic changes. CFs stimulated with IL-25 produced high levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and connective tissue growth factors (CTGF). These profibrotic effects of IL-25 were partially blocked by the PI3K-AKT inhibitor LY294002. In the cell co-culture system, OVA-challenged BECs facilitated the migration and expression of ECM proteins and CTGF in CFs, which were markedly blocked using an anti-IL-17RB antibody. Conclusion These results suggest that IL-25 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for asthmatic patients with FAL.

Chebulae Fructus (CF) is known as one of the richest sources of hydrolyzable tannins (HTs). In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector method was established for simultaneous determination of the 12 common phenolcarboxylic and tannic constituents (PTCs). Using this method, quantitative analysis was accomplished in CF and other four adulterants, including Terminaliae Belliricae Fructus, Phyllanthi Fructus, Chebulae Fructus Immaturus, and Canarii Fructus. Based on a quantitative analysis of the focused compounds, discrimination of CF and other four adulterants was successfully accomplished by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Additionally, the total contents of the 12 compounds that we focused on in this study were unveiled as 148.86 mg/g, 96.14 mg/g, and 18.64 mg/g in exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp and seed of CF, respectively, and PTCs were witnessed to be the most abundant in the exocarp of CF. Noticeably, the HTs (chebulagic acid, chebulanin acid, chebulinic acid, and punicalagin) were observed to be ultimately degraded to chebulic acid, gallic acid, and ellagic acid during sunlight-drying of the fresh fruits. As a result, our study indicated that CF and its adulterants could be distinguished by the observed 12 PTCs, which were mainly distributed in the exocarp of the fruits. The HTs were prone to degrade into the three simple phenolcarboxylic acids during drying or processing, allowing us to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the PTCs, with great significance in the improved quality of CF and related products.

BackgroundChanges in cognitive control are considered potential factors affecting voluntary motor movements during gait initiation (GI). Simulating environments with higher cognitive resource demands have an effect on the stability of GI task performance, which is of significant importance for assessing fall risk in the older adults and devising fall risk management measures in multiple environments. This study aims to reveal the influence of complex cognitive competitive environment with increased cognitive demands on the dynamic stability during GI in the older women.MethodsTwenty-three older females and twenty-three younger females performed walking tests under three conditions: voluntary initiation (SI), visual light reaction time task (LRT), and cognitive interference + visual light reaction time task (C + LRT). Eight cameras (Qualisys, Sweden, model: Oqus 600) and three force plates (Kistler, Switzerland, model: 9287C) are used to obtain kinematic and kinetic data. To recorde the trajectory of center of pressure (CoP) and the position of the foot placement, and compute the anterior–posterior (A-P) and medio-lateral (M-L) dynamic stability at the onset and end moments of the single-leg support by means of center of mass (CoM) and gait spatiotemporal parameters.ResultsOlder women responded to the effect of complex environments involving cognitive competition on body stability by prolonging the lateral displacement time of the CoP during the anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) phase, reducing step length and velocity, and increasing step width and foot inclination angle.ConclusionComplex initiation environments lead to competition for cognitive resources in the brain, resulting in decreased stability of GI motor control in older adults. The higher the complexity of the cognitive resource demands environment, the lower the stability of GI in older adults, and the greater the effect on their M-L stability at the onset of stepping.

Background. Advanced lung cancer that contributes to a heavy burden on medical institutions is the leading cause of cancer-related death and is often accompanied by metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to explore the biomarkers of diagnosis and radiotherapy response in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by plasma lipidomics analysis. Method. Using triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer analysis, our research characterized the plasma lipid metabolomics profile of 25 healthy controls and 31 advanced NSCLC patients in each of three different radiotherapy phases. Results. The results showed altered lipid elements and concentrations among NSCLC patients with different radiotherapy phases, NSCLC subtypes, and different radiotherapeutic responses. We found that compared to the healthy controls, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) were mainly and significantly altered lipid elements (> twofold, and p

IntroductionCecropin AD (CAD), a renowned antimicrobial peptide, has shown promising potential in treating various bacterial infections. This study investigates the protective effects of CAD against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal adversities in chickens.MethodsSixty SPF-grade chicks were divided into groups and exposed to different dosages of CAD, followed by LPS administration. The study assessed the impact of CAD on intestinal mucosal injury markers, oxidative stress, and inflammation.ResultsLPS significantly increased Diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate (D-LA) levels, both indicators of intestinal mucosal injury. CAD treatment substantially attenuated these elevations, particularly at higher dosages. Additionally, CAD markedly reduced oxidative stress in intestinal tissues, as shown by normalized antioxidant levels and decreased reactive oxygen species. Histological analysis supported these findings, showing better-preserved villi structures in CAD-treated groups. Furthermore, CAD significantly reduced IL-6 and IL-8 expression post-LPS stimulation and effectively regulated the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, decreasing associated factors like NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1b, and IL-18.DiscussionThe study demonstrates CAD's therapeutic potential in alleviating LPS-induced intestinal injuries. The protective effects are primarily attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions and modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Background: Both revision surgery and omalizumab are recommended therapies for the treatment of recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and can improve patients' clinical symptoms and quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to compare the improvement in sinus-related symptoms, QoL, economic cost, and duration cost between treatment with revision-surgery and treatment with omalizumab. Methods: This was a prospective study of patients with recurrent CRSwNP. All patients were asked to complete a 22-item sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22), a visual analog scale (VAS), and a 36-item short-form (SF-36) questionnaire at baseline and 6 months after the treatments. Patients were required to document economic costs and duration costs within 6 months and report them at each visit. Results: A total of 44 patients who received the treatment of revision surgery or omalizumab were enrolled in this study. After six months of treatment, the improvements in total SNOT-22 and SF-36 in 8 domains were not different between the 2 treatments. The improvements in rhinologic symptoms, extranasal rhinologic symptoms, and ear/facial symptoms according to the SNOT-22 (P value = 0.0288, 0.0016, and 0.0347, respectively) and the improvements in nasal congestion, loss of smell, and overall symptoms assessed by the VAS (P value = 0.0057, 0.0206, and 0.0122, respectively) were better in the revision surgery group than in the omalizumab group. The economic cost and the total duration cost were obviously lower in the omalizumab group (¥18836 and 1 day) than in the revision surgery group (¥29824 and 23 days). Conclusions: Both revision surgery and omalizumab treatments can improve the clinical symptoms and QoL of patients with recurrent CRSwNP. Patients who underwent revision surgery experienced better improvement in sinus-related symptoms. However, omalizumab treatment clearly showed a benefit in terms of economic cost and duration cost of disease-related care.

Abstract Background The microbiome plays a crucial role in odontogenic sinusitis (OS); however, the bacterial characteristics of the sinuses and connected dental regions in OS are poorly understood. In this study, nasal secretion samples were collected from 41 OS patients and 20 simple nasal septum deviation patients, and oral mucosa samples from dental regions were collected from 28 OS patients and 22 impacted tooth extraction patients. DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to explore the characteristics and structure of the microbiome in the sinuses and dental regions of OS patients. Results The alpha diversity of the oral and nasal microbiomes in OS patients was higher than that in controls. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that oral samples clustered separately from nasal samples, and the beta diversity of oral and nasal samples in OS patients was higher than that in controls. The dominant phylum was Bacteroidetes in OS patients and Firmicutes in controls in both the oral and nasal cavity. The dominant genera in the oral microbiome and nasal microbiome of OS patients were similar, including Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Prevotella. Co-occurrence network analysis showed decreased microbial connectivity in the oral mucosa and nasal secretion samples of OS patients. Conclusions Odontogenic infection promotes structural and functional disorders of the nasal microbiome in OS. The interaction of dominant pathogens in the nasal and oral regions may promote the development of OS. Our study provides the microbiological aetiology of the nasal and connected dental regions in OS and is expected to provide novel insights into the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for OS.

Abstract Viruses are a major cause of mortality and socio-economic downfall despite the plethora of biopharmaceuticals designed for their eradication. Conventional antiviral therapies are often ineffective. Live-attenuated vaccines can pose a safety risk due to the possibility of pathogen reversion, whereas inactivated viral vaccines and subunit vaccines do not generate robust and sustained immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of strategies that combine nanotechnology concepts with the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral infectious diseases. The present review provides a comprehensive introduction to the different strains of viruses involved in respiratory diseases and presents an overview of recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of viral infections based on nanotechnology concepts and applications. Discussions in diagnostic/therapeutic nanotechnology-based approaches will be focused on H1N1 influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza virus type 3 infections, as well as COVID-19 infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus Delta variant and new emerging Omicron variant. Graphical Abstract

Primary liver cancer is a common and lethal malignancy in China. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is globally recognized as the preferred treatment modality for the non-surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while transcatheter arterial infusion (TAI) is another effective interventional treatment for HCC. In recent years, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has gained increasing attention as an application-regulated modality for TAI. Owing to the current debate in the medical community regarding the use of HAIC and TACE for the treatment of HCC, the application of both approaches should be considered at a higher level, with a broader perspective and a more normative aspect. Accordingly, we aimed to define the rational combination of liver cancer TAI/HAIC with TACE as infusion transcatheter chemoembolization (iTACE), which suggests that the two interventions are not superior but lead to a mutually beneficial situation. In this review, we sought to discuss the development, specification, application, challenge and innovation, debate, and union of TAI/HAIC and TACE, and the clinical application and latest research on iTACE. We aimed to introduce new concepts of iTACE and expect new breakthroughs in the treatment of liver cancer owing to the combined use of the two major interventional tools.

This paper presents experimental evidence regarding a novel switchable dual-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL). Wavelength switching is achieved by combining a polarization-maintaining fiber Bragg grating (PM-FBG) with a polarization controller (PC). The three-coupler double-ring compound cavity (TC-DRC) structure, acting as a mode-selection filter, is designed to select a single longitudinal mode (SLM) from the dense longitudinal modes. This paper introduces the design and fabrication method of the TC-DRC filter and analyzes, in detail, the mechanism for SLM selection. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed filter exhibits excellent performance. By adjusting the PC, the TDFL achieves stable SLM operation at the wavelengths of 1940.54 nm and 1941.06 nm, respectively. The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is superior to 65 dB. When the TDFL is tested at room temperature, there is no significant wavelength drift, and power fluctuations are less than 1.5 dB. The operation of the SLM is verified through the self-heterodyne method, and the laser maintains stable SLM states for both wavelengths after continuous operation for an hour. Furthermore, based on the phase noise demodulation method, the linewidths of both wavelengths are measured to be less than 10 kHz at the integration time of 0.001 s.

This study endeavors to explore the intricate interplay between the fundamental skills of basketball—defensive slide, crossover dribbling, and full approach jump—and the shoe outsole friction coefficient, with the overarching goal of advancing our comprehension regarding the pivotal role of footwear in athlete performance. Employing a comprehensive methodology that integrates 3D motion capture, force platform dynamometry, and biomechanical modeling, the study seeks to quantify the inherent motor control intricacies associated with these fundamental skills. Data collection involved 12 varsity players, and the research systematically assesses the influence of the shoe friction coefficient on both skill quality and injury risk, utilizing a set of 13 parameters for evaluation. The findings unveil that, with an increased friction coefficient, the following changes occur: for the defensive slide, we observed decreased contact time (p < 0.05), boosted medio–lateral impulse (p < 0.05), and lowered ankle torque (p < 0.01); for crossover dribbling, we observed increased anterior–posterior impulse (p < 0.05) and ankle torque (p < 0.05); for the full approach jump, we observed decreased contact time (p < 0.05) and increased jump height (p < 0.05). Generally, the equal increment in the shoe outsole friction coefficient did not result in equal changes in the selected parameters of motor skill control, indicating a non-linear relationship between the performance quality of essential basketball skills and the shoe friction coefficient. The results suggest the potential existence of an optimal value for skill execution. Notably, the study identifies that, while an augmentation in the friction coefficient enhances specific skill aspects, there is a discernible saturation point, signifying diminishing returns. This investigation makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of the precise impacts of shoe friction coefficients on basketball skills, thereby prompting considerations for the judicious selection of optimal friction coefficients and advocating for possible personalized footwear recommendations based on individual biomechanical profiles.

In this study, the influence of repair welding on microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of SUS304-Q345B dissimilar metal active gas arc (MAG) welding plates was investigated via optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), hardness, tensile, fatigue, intergranular corrosion, and electrochemical tests, in which the zero (R0), primary (R1), and secondary repair welding (R2) were performed by MAG welding. The results showed that, after repair welding, the δ-ferrite morphology in the weld evolved from a continuous dendritic shape to a dispersed worm-like structure and the bar ferrite in the heat-affected zone of SUS304 (HAZSUS304) evolved into short bar ferrite. The grain size of the weld was reduced due to the remelting caused by repair welding. The hardness of the weld increased first and then decreased which was related to the decrease of δ-ferrite morphology and grain size of weld. In the tensile test, all specimens were fractured at Q345B base material (BMQ345B), which revealed that repair welding had little effect on the tensile properties. The fatigue limit strength of R1 didn't reduce significantly, while the fracture position of R2 transferred from the SUS304 base material (BMSUS304) to the fusion line of SUS304 (FLSUS304). The corrosion resistance of R1 weld possessed the best corrosion resistance owing to the finer grain size and better δ-ferrite morphology. The results indicated that repair welding was feasible for the repair and reuse of welded joints, and it was of great importance in engineering applications of welded plates.

Abstract A high-power permanent magnet speed regulator is applied to a cooling water pump for conserving energy during the steel production in Magang (Group) Holding Co., Ltd. The designed setup of high-power permanent magnet speed regulator with a mobile base is shown in this manuscript, and the magnetic eddy under the different meshing area between driving and driven shafts has been simulated. And estimation indicates that the magnet speed regulator-controlled cooling water pump can save electric energy by 22%, about 1,756,400 kW·h per year, compared to the traditional valve-controlled pump, and the waste heat generated by this setup is below 5 ten-thousandths of the shaft power. Meanwhile, the permanent magnet speed regulator has a much lower vibration because of this non-contact way between the driving and driven shafts.

Abstract Peripheral immune cells play important roles in the maintenance of systemic and microenvironmental hemostasis. Measurements of circulating blood cells by single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) were proposed as one of the routine measures in the clinical biochemistry of haematology. Out of translational challenges, defining precise identities of cell subsets and states is more difficult, due to the complexity of immune cell development, location, regulation, function, and metabolism. It is also a challenge to precisely interpret the clinical significance and impact of each cell identity marker gene panel (ciMGPs). ciMGPs have the potential to advance the understanding of systemic responses to the disease, identify disease‐specific biomarkers and define cell heterogeneity. Recently, a large number of peripheral cell subsets and expanding/activating states have been identified and validated for use in the fast developments in clinical single‐cell biomedicine. Defining the specificity, measurability and repeatability of cell subsets/states is important for the translation of peripheral scRNA‐seq in clinical haematology and biochemistry. The development of standard operating procedures and the performance of clinical trials in large populations of various ages, diseases, and therapies will promote the clinical translation of ciMGPs to measures. Thus, defining cell subset/state identities will provide the multi‐dimensional and comprehensive readouts of systemic immune cells, the precision monitoring of immune dynamics, and a deeper understanding of the disease and response to therapy.

The sustainable intensification (SI) of cultivated land use (CLU) is important for achieving global sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, in the rapid advancement of agglomeration economies, it remains unclear whether economic agglomeration (EA) affects SI. Combined with emergy theory, this study utilized socioeconomic and natural environment data from 31 provincial administrative regions from 1990 to 2017 to evaluate the SI level in China. It further analyzed the impact of EA on SI using a spatial econometric model that includes mediating effects. The results showed that the EA level in China continued to rise, whereas the SI level continued to decline from 1990 to 2017. The mediating effect analysis showed that fiscal support for agriculture and agricultural labor productivity have a suppression effect of |−4.186|% and |−2.002|% in the local region, while cultivated land-use intensity has partial mediation of 6.350% in the local region; and agricultural labor productivity has a suppression effect of |−4.680|% on the surrounding region, while cultivated land-use intensity has stronger partial mediation relative to the local region, even up to 10.402% on surrounding regions. This implies that the impact of EA on SI involves complex paths and spatial differences. This study provides a better understanding of the reasons for the continuous decline in the SI in agglomeration-type economic development and feasible policy proposals.

Intranasal administration offers a feasible, non-invasive method of delivering therapeutic drugs to the brain, allowing therapeutic pharmaceuticals to be administered directly to the central nervous system by bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, exosomes are naturally occurring cell-derived nanovesicles that can serve as carriers for a variety of chemical compounds. Many studies have focused on artificial exosomes as innovative medication delivery methods. As a result, trans-nasal delivery of artificial exosomes might be employed to treat brain illnesses in a novel method. This review will outline the drug delivery mechanism of artificial extracellular vesicles, emphasize its advantages as a nasal drug carrier, particularly its application as a novel nanocarriers in brain diseases, and focus on its prospective application in chronic inflammatory nose disorders. Finally, artificial exosomes may become a unique drug delivery mode for clinical therapeutic usage.

Abstract Background Lung epithelial cells play important roles in lung inflammation and injury, although mechanisms remain unclear. Osteopontin (OPN) has essential roles in epithelial damage and repair and in lung cancer biological behaviours. Telocyte (TC) is a type of interstitial cell that interacts with epithelial cells to alleviate acute inflammation and lung injury. The present studies aim at exploring potential mechanisms by which OPN regulates the epithelial origin lung inflammation and the interaction of epithelial cells with TCs in acute and chronic lung injury. Methods The lung disease specificity of OPN and epithelial inflammation were defined by bioinformatics. We evaluated the regulatory roles of OPN in OPN‐knockdown or over‐expressed bronchial epithelia (HBEs) challenged with cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) or in animals with genome OPN knockout (gKO) or lung conditional OPN knockout (cKO). Acute lung injury and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were induced by smoking or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Effects of OPN on PI3K subunits and ERK were assessed using the inhibitors. Spatialization and distribution of OPN, OPN‐positive epithelial subtypes, and TCs were defined by spatial transcriptomics. The interaction between HBEs and TCs was assayed by the co‐culture system. Results Levels of OPN expression increased in smokers, smokers with COPD, and smokers with COPD and lung cancer, as compared with healthy nonsmokers. LPS and/or CSE induced over‐production of cytokines from HBEs, dependent upon the dysfunction of OPN. The severity of lung inflammation and injury was significantly lower in OPN‐gKO or OPN‐cKO mice. HBEs transferred with OPN enhanced the expression of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)CA/p110α, PIK3CB/p110β, PIK3CD/p110δ, PIK3CG/p110γ, PIK3R1, PIK3R2 or PIK3R3. Spatial locations of OPN and OPN‐positive epithelial subtypes showed the tight contact of airway epithelia and TCs. Epithelial OPN regulated the epithelial communication with TCs, and the down‐regulation of OPN induced more alterations in transcriptomic profiles than the up‐regulation. Conclusion Our data evidenced that OPN regulated lung epithelial inflammation, injury, and cell communication between epithelium and TCs in acute and chronic lung injury. The conditional control of lung epithelial OPN may be an alternative for preventing and treating epithelial‐origin lung inflammation and injury.

Abstract Background SIRT6, an important NAD+‐dependent protein, protects endothelial cells from inflammatory and oxidative stress injuries. However, the role of SIRT6 in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) under ischemia‒reperfusion injury (IRI) remains unclear. Methods The HUVECs model of oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) was established to simulate the endothelial IRI in vitro. Endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1 alpha (Ero1α) mRNA and protein levels in SIRT6‐overexpressing or SIRT6‐knockdown cells were measured by qPCR and Western blotting. The levels of H2O2 and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected to evaluate the status of oxidative stress. The effects of SIRT6 deficiency and Ero1α knockdown on cellular endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), inflammation, apoptosis and barrier function were detected by a series of molecular biological experiments and functional experiments in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, qPCR, and site‐specific mutation experiments were used to examine the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, endothelial cell‐specific Sirt6 knockout (ecSirt6−/−) mice were subjected to cardiac ischemia‒reperfusion surgery to investigate the effects of SIRT6 in CMECs in vivo. Results The expression of Ero1α was significantly upregulated in SIRT6‐knockdown endothelial cells, and high Ero1α expression correlated with the accumulation of H2O2 and mitochondrial ROS. In addition, SIRT6 deficiency increased ERS, inflammation, apoptosis and endothelial permeability, and these effects could be significantly attenuated by Ero1α knockdown. The deacetylase catalytic activity of SIRT6 was important in regulating Ero1α expression and these biological processes. Mechanistically, SIRT6 inhibited the enrichment of HIF1α and p300 at the Ero1α promoter through deacetylating H3K9, thereby antagonizing HIF1α/p300‐mediated Ero1α expression. Compared with SIRT6‐wild‐type (SIRT6‐WT) cells, cells expressing the SIRT6‐H133Y‐mutant and SIRT6‐R65A‐mutant exhibited increased Ero1α expression. Furthermore, ecSirt6−/− mice subjected to ischemia‒reperfusion surgery exhibited increased Ero1α expression and ERS in CMECs and worsened injuries to microvascular barrier function and cardiac function. Conclusions Our results revealed an epigenetic mechanism associated with SIRT6 and Ero1α expression and highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting the SIRT6‐HIF1α/p300‐Ero1α axis.

Abstract Background Arginase-1 (ARG1), a urea cycle-related enzyme, catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to urea and ornithine, which regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and function of various cells. However, it is unclear whether ARG1 controls the progression and malignant alterations of colon cancer. Methods We established metastatic colonization mouse model and ARG1 overexpressing murine colon cancer CT26 cells to investigate whether activation of ARG1 was related to malignancy of colon cancer cells in vivo. Living cell numbers and migration ability of CT26 cells were evaluated in the presence of ARG inhibitor in vitro. Results Inhibition of arginase activity significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration ability of CT26 murine colon cancer cells in vitro. Overexpression of ARG1 in CT26 cells reduced intracellular l-arginine levels, enhanced cell migration, and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Metastatic colonization of CT26 cells in lung and liver tissues was significantly augmented by ARG1 overexpression in vivo. ARG1 gene expression was higher in the tumor tissues of liver metastasis than those of primary tumor, and arginase inhibition suppressed the migration ability of HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Conclusion Activation of ARG1 is related to the migration ability and metastatic colonization of colon cancer cells, and blockade of this process may be a novel strategy for controlling cancer malignancy.

An Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy and an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Sc–Zr alloy are used to study effects of co-addition of minor Sc and Zr on aging precipitates and mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. After solid solution treatment, almost complete recrystallization occurs in the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy, while recrystallization is significantly inhibited in the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu-Sc-Zr alloy, with a recrystallization fraction of 12.6%. The Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Sc–Zr alloy has remarkably higher strength than the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Sc–Zr alloy in the solid solution-treated and water-quenched state, which is due to the Orwan strengthening of coherent Al3(Sc, Zr) particles and the grain boundary strengthening for finer grains. At the aging temperature of 120 °C，the co-addition of Sc and Zr accelerates the nucleation and growth of η′ phases in the grain interior, allowing the aged Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Sc–Zr alloy to reach its peak strength earlier. At the aging temperature of 140 °C, the aging precipitate strengthening effect is weaker for the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Sc–Zr alloy than for the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy because of the accelerated transformation from η′ phases to η phases and growth of η phases in the grain interior.

Abstract Policy decision of curling refers to providing strategy suggestions for curling competition with the help of computers. Existing curling agents have achieved good results in the digital scenarios, but cannot make correct decisions when applied to actual competition and training scenes. In this paper, a strategies decision agent in the real scene has been proposed. The competition situation was acquired by a Situation-Aware Network and mapped by a Digital Extraction module. We designed Curling MCTS to explore the best strategy in continuous space. The effectiveness of our framework has been verified by experiments and evaluated by China’s wheelchair curling team at China Disabled Sports Management Center. With the help of our system, China’s wheelchair curling team trained effectively and won the championship in the XIII Paralympic Winter Games (2022, Beijing). In addition, a new curling target detection dataset was provided.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the method, efficacy, and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) of delayed splenic artery branch (SAB) hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods: From March 2019 to January 2022, all patients underwent EVT of SAB for delayed post-pancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage were included. Demographic, laboratory, angiographic, and clinical follow-up data were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of eight patients were enrolled. In two patients, celiac axis angiography alone failed, but selective splenic artery (SA) angiography demonstrated the SAB bleeding; SAB erosions in four patients with recurrent bleeding were successfully detected by a second angiography; four patients underwent balloon catheter placement at the SA for temporary hemostasis and to further confirm the SAB bleeding before the subsequent EVT. Superselective embolization was performed in only one patient (12.5%; 1/8); covered stent implantation at the SA was performed in two patients (25%; 2/8); Embolization of the SA was performed in the remaining five patients (62.5%; 5/8). The technical success rate, clinical success rate, and in-hospital mortality were 100.0%, 87.5%, and 25%, respectively. No severe complications related to EVT occurred. Conclusions: EVT of SAB for delayed post-pancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage is effective and safe. An awareness of the SAB as a potential bleeding source, together with appropriate endovascular procedures including selective SA angiography, repeat angiography, balloon catheter placement at the SA, and applicable hemostasis protocol, could achieve a high success rate of managing SAB hemorrhage.

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is an effective treatment for benign and malignant obstructive jaundice. Major bleeding complications occur in approximately 2–3% of patients after PTBD, which can result in death. A case involving a 63-year-old male with malignant obstructive jaundice, who experienced severe bleeding after PTBD, is reported. Emergency digital subtraction angiography, celiac trunk artery and superior mesenteric artery angiography were performed; however, no signs of arterial bleeding were found. To identify etiology, portal venography was performed under ultrasound guidance and portal vein bleeding was diagnosed. Ultimately, selective portal vein embolization successfully stopped the bleeding.

Abstract Background The typical clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) are known to be associated with allergen exposure; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We wanted to gain a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms related to allergen exposure in a well-controlled mouse model of AR. Methods An OVA-induced AR model was developed. Two hours and 4 weeks after the last OVA challenge, AR symptoms and local immune responses were assessed. At the same time, differentially expressed genes (DEG) in nasal mucosa were identified by gene expression microarray and further analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Verification of DEG was done by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results The number of nasal rubbings and sneezes, serum OVA-specific IgE concentrations, and the number of neutrophils and eosinophils in the nasal mucosa were significantly increased at 2 h and decreased at 4 weeks after the last allergen challenge compared to controls. A total of 2119 DEG were identified, and their expression dynamics were clustered into 8 profiles. Enriched functions in Profile 5, which had a similar trend to clinical features, were mainly related to inflammatory and immune response to environmental factors, eosinophils and neutrophils chemotaxis, and cell migration. Gene co-expression Network for genes from profile 5 identified BCL3, NFKB2, SOCS3, and CD53 having a higher degree. Profile 6 showed persistence of inflammatory and immune response at 4 weeks after the last allergen challenge. Olfactory and coagulation functions were enriched mainly in profiles with downward trends. Conclusions A wide range of genes with sequential cooperative action were identified to be associated with allergen exposure in AR. BCL3 may be the most vital in symptoms manifestation. Moreover, some inflammatory responses persisted for a period after allergen exposure, supporting a new treatment strategy of targeting inflammation out of season. This study may contribute to a better understanding of AR pathogenesis and provide potential therapeutic targets for AR patients.

An integrative strategy of UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS analysis, MS/MS molecular networking (MN), in-house library search, and a collision cross-section (CCS) simulation and comparison was developed for the rapid characterization of the chemical constituents in Chebulae Fructus (CF). A total of 122 Constituents were identified, and most were phenolcarboxylic and tannic compounds. Subsequently, 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, terflavin A, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, punicalagin B, chebulinic acid, chebulagic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, and chebulic acid, among the 23 common constituents of CF, were screened out by UPLC-PDA fingerprinting and multivariate statistical analyses (HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA). Then, Pearson’s correlation analysis and a grey relational analysis were performed for the spectrum-effect correlation between the UPLC fingerprints and the antioxidant capacity of CF, which was finally validated by an UPLC-DPPH• analysis for the main antioxidant constituents. Our study provides a global identification of CF constituents and contributes to the quality control and development of functional foods and preparations dedicated to CF.

This article introduces a new method for balancing the state of charge (SOC) in a dual-bus battery system architecture. The system consists of multiple battery cells or modules connected in series to provide high voltage output. Additionally, low-power flyback converters are connected in series with each battery cell or module at the inputs, and their outputs are connected in parallel to provide lower voltage output. The SOC balancing algorithm ensures that the lower voltage output remains at a desired reference value by adjusting the average duty cycle of each power converter, while also balancing the rate of charge or discharge of each battery cell or module. This SOC balancing process does not affect the normal operation of the high voltage power output. In other words, the dual output (high voltage and low voltage) of the battery system can function independently, and the balancing current only flows through the low voltage power path. Experimental results from a prototype are provided and discussed to validate the proposed dual-bus battery system and controller.

The optical reflection characteristics of asphalt pavement have an important influence on road-lighting design, and the macrotexture and microtexture of asphalt pavement significantly affect its reflection characteristics. To investigate the impact of texture parameters on the retroreflection coefficient of asphalt pavement, the texture indices of rutted plate specimens and field asphalt pavement were obtained by a pavement texture tester, including the macrotexture surface area (S1), microtexture surface area (S2), macrotexture distribution density (D1), microtexture distribution density (D2), root mean square slope (Δq), skewness (Rsk), and steepness (Rku). The corresponding retroreflective coefficient RL was measured by using a retroreflectometer. In the laboratory experiments, rutted specimens of AC-13, SMA-13, and OGFC-13 asphalt mixtures were formed. The changes in texture parameters and the retroreflection coefficient of rutting specimens before and after rolling were studied, and a factor-influence model between macro- and microtexture parameters and RL was established, along with correlation models of the texture index and RL. The results show that after the rutting test, S1, S2, D1, D2, Δq, and Rku decreased, Rsk increased, and RL increased. In the single-factor model, the parameters could be used to characterize RL with high prediction accuracy, whereas for the onsite measurements, the parameters Δq, Rsk, and Rku could well characterize RL. The nonlinear model established, based on the BP neural network algorithm, improved the prediction accuracy. This research provides ideas for optimizing the reflection characteristics of asphalt pavement and a decision-making basis for road-lighting design.

Background The first‐line therapy is effective for the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP); however, maintaining the long‐term responses remains challenging. Low‐dose decitabine (DAC) has been adopted to treat refractory ITP, while its role in macrophage polarization has not been fully understood. We aimed to investigate the mechanistic role of DAC in M2 macrophage polarization and evaluated its therapeutic effect in ITP. Methods The M2 monocytes were identified by flow cytometry from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy controls (HCs) and ITP patients. The expression of PPARγ, Arg‐1, DNMT3b and NLRP3, together with IL‐10 plasma levels was measured to examine its function. Bisulfite‐sequencing PCR was used to evaluate the methylation status of PPARγ promoter, and the binding affinity of KLF4 was measured by Cut&Tag. A sh‐PPARγ THP‐1 cell line was created to verify if low‐dose DAC‐modulated M2 macrophage polarization was PPARγ‐dependent. The passive ITP models were used to investigate the therapeutic effects of low‐dose DAC and its role in modulating polarization and immunomodulatory function of macrophages. NLRP3 inflammasome and reactive oxygen species were also tested to understand the downstream of PPARγ. Results The M2 monocytes with impaired immunoregulation were observed in ITP. After high‐dose dexamethasone (HD‐DXM) treatment, M2 monocytes increased significantly with the elevated expression of PPARγ, Arg‐1 and IL‐10 in CR patients. Low‐dose DAC promoted M2 macrophage polarization in a PPARγ‐dependent way via demethylating the promoter of PPARγ, especially the KLF4 binding sites. Low‐dose DAC alleviated ITP mice by restoring the M1/M2 balance and fine‐tuning immunomodulatory function of macrophages. The downstream of the PPARγ modulation of M2 macrophage polarization might physiologically antagonize NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions Low‐dose DAC promoted M2 macrophage polarization due to the demethylation within the promoter of PPARγ, thus enhanced the KLF4 binding affinity in ITP.

Abstract The Hangenberg Crisis coincided with a large decline of biodiversity and widespread anoxia in the end‐Devonian ocean. Previous research attributed marine anoxia to the spread of deeply‐rooted plants and/or increased volcanism on the continents, but crucial links have not been thoroughly explored. Herein, we propose enhanced weathering as a key trigger, as evidenced by a negative shift (∼8‰) in lithium isotopes and a coupled response in carbon isotopes of marine carbonates in South China. Our findings imply that rapid weathering of crustal rocks increased nutrient delivery to the ocean, as indicated by an increase in the carbonate‐associated phosphate levels, contributing to oceanic eutrophication. In the absence of massive volcanic emissions and intense orogeny, the cause of enhanced continental weathering was likely the expansion of the terrestrial rhizosphere, highlighting the potential for land plant evolution to initiate weathering changes of sufficient severity to trigger a major bio/environmental crisis in the Earth system.

Abstract T cells, with numerous classifications, are vital components of the adaptive immune system, which function to maintain homeostasis to protect against pathogens. With the rapid development of single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), the specificity and functions of high‐resolution characterizations and identities of T cells are continuously explored and discovered. The exact T cell identities provide new insights for deeply understanding the heterogeneity of T cells and for the identification of previously unrecognized cell subsets. The accuracy and specificity of T cell cluster and annotation are critical and important in scRNA‐seq analyses, even though the characters and numbers of T cell marker gene panels (MGPs) are to be furthermore improved and uncovered. In order to initiate the discussion on identities of T cell subsets/clusters and impacts of identity specificity in the understanding of immune function, the present review systematically summarized the T cell identities of MGPs and functional characteristics of distinct T cell identities in the scRNA‐seq analysis. We also discussed the critical gene differences among panels across T cell subsets, cell functional states, tissue types, and diseases, with a special focus on the significance and potential values of T cell MGP accuracy and specificity in clinical applications. We hope that the precise knowledge of T cell subsets/clusters benefit decision designs and makings of biomarker discoveries and therapeutic strategies to improve the outcomes of patients.

Abstract Background The fundamental initial step in the metabolic process of fatty acids (FA) is facilitated by Acyl‐coenzyme A synthetase (ACS). ACS enables FAs to engage in both anabolic and catabolic pathways by creating thioester bonds with CoA, thus triggering their activation. This paper demonstrated the effect of in vitro cells on the ACS family of key enzymes in FA metabolism in response to inflammatory or lipid stimulating factors and provided insight into the relevant metabolic mechanisms. Methods The expression levels of 27 ACS family members were assessed across various lung epithelial cell lines, such as HBE, SPC‐1A, or NCI‐H460, in response to external challenges including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), cigarette smoking extract (CSE), cholesterol, and interference with the ACSL5 gene in response to FASN, CPT1A inhibitors. Results Our data showed that ACSF2 was highly expressed in SPC‐A1 and NCI‐H460 cells compared with HBE cell, while ACSL4 and ACSVL4 were lower expressed. The 27 ACS family genes associated with FA metabolism varied under several different exogenous stimuli.

Abstract The deregulation of the metabolic network of cancer cells is now considered one of the characteristics of cancer. Aberrant lipid synthesis and additional lipid intake promote the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. In mammals, there are five members of the long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthase family involved in de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid (FA) degradation and subsequent membrane modification. Their main function is to activate long‐chain FAs through the CoA chain link, and these conjugates are mainly used for the synthesis of triglycerides. In a variety of cancers, the expression of long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetases (ACSLs) is different, and it also changes in different cancer subtypes. This review summarized recent research on the biological functions of ACSL, as well as recent advances in related diseases, and explored the potential therapeutic role of ACSL genes.

A single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) thulium-doped fiber laser, based on an eye-shaped passive dual-ring filter, is designed and constructed. The eye-shaped passive compound cavity consisting of four couplers is used to increase the longitudinal mode spacing, and its performance is numerically analyzed in detail. A homemade uniform fiber Bragg grating serves as a wavelength selection device and a saturable absorber is used to further suppress the intense longitudinal mode competition in the laser cavity, ensuring the single-longitudinal-mode output. The experimental results demonstrate a laser output with a center wavelength of 2,049.85 nm and an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 63 dB. Moreover, the power fluctuation is less than 0.6 dB, and the center wavelength fluctuation is less than 0.03 nm over a continuous measurement period of 60 min, demonstrating an excellent stability. The laser linewidth is measured using an unbalanced Michelson interferometer and β-separation line method, resulting in a linewidth of 11.22 kHz.

Abstract Background We have looked at antimony (Sb) as a new neurotoxin which causes neuronal apoptosis in animal studies. At the population level, however, there is no direct evidence for a relationship between Sb exposure and cognitive performance. Method The study comprehensively assessed the correlation between urinary antimony levels and cognitive test scores in 631 creatinine-corrected older persons using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014. Results Using logistic regression, the study looked at the prevalence of cognitive impairment at different levels of urine antimony concentrations and found that, after controlling for covariates, higher doses of urinary antimony were positively associated with cognitive function compared to controls, odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.409 (0.185–0.906) and 0.402 (0.186–0.871) respectively. Restricted cubic spline curves showed a non-linear and dose-specific correlation between urinary antimony and cognitive performance, with lower doses associated with better cognitive performance, while higher doses may be associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions Our data provide evidence for a correlation between Sb and cognitive function at the population level, although the specific mechanisms need to be investigated further.

Abstract Background The conventional belief that glucocorticosteroid (GC) acts through a single brand glucocorticoid receptor (GR)α protein has changed dramatically with the discovery of multiple GR isoforms. We aimed to evaluate whether multiple GR protein isoforms are expressed in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and whether GR protein isoform expression profiles differ between different endotypes of CRSwNP. Methods Thirty-eight patients with CRSwNP and ten healthy volunteers were included. The protein expression of multiple GR isoforms in nasal polyps (NPs) tissue and control mucosae was examined by western blot analysis with different GR antibodies. Results Five bands, including three bands for known proteins (GRα-A/B, GRα-C, and GRα-D) and two bands for unidentified proteins at 67 kilodaltons (kDa) and 60 kDa, were identified with both total GR antibody (PA1-511A) and GRα-specific antibody (PA1-516). GRα-D intensity, which was abundant in nasal mucosa, was significantly increased in the CRSwNP group and was especially elevated in the noneosinophilic CRSwNP (NE-CRSwNP) group (PA1-511A: P

The Gudian Rift is a favorable area for deep natural gas exploration in the southern Songliao Basin, and it also records rich information on basin evolution and Mesozoic-Cenozoic plate movements in eastern China.By using the well and high-resolution 3D seismic data, combined with regional tectonics, the geological structure and tectonic evolution of the Gudian Rift were investigated.The results show that the Gudian Rift can be vertically divided into basement, lower, middle and upper structure layers.Due to the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath to the East Asian Plate and the changes in the regional tectonic stress field since the Late Mesozoic, the Gudian Rift experienced syn-rift, transition, post rift and tectonic inversion periods.The Gudian fault was initially formed from six fault segments in syn rift period(depositional period of the Huoshiling and Shahezi Formations) and the isolated fault segments with different strikes then grew and connected to a unified boundary fault in the late rifting stage(depositional period of the Yingcheng Formation).Afterwards, extensive and intense transtensional activities occurred during transition(depositional period of the Denglouku and Quantou Formations) and depression periods(depositional period of the Qingshankou, Yaojia and Nenjiang Formations), and strong inversion and segmental thrust activities occurred during inversion period(end of the depositional period of the Nenjiang Formation), respectively.This study provides references for the investigation of tectonic activity and evolution in the Songliao Basin and eastern China, and further guides oil and gas exploration.

Abstract Background The application of deep learning has allowed significant progress in medical imaging. However, few studies have focused on the diagnosis of benign and malignant spinal tumors using medical imaging and age information at the patient level. This study proposes a multi-model weighted fusion framework (WFF) for benign and malignant diagnosis of spinal tumors based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and age information. Methods The proposed WFF included a tumor detection model, sequence classification model, and age information statistic module based on sagittal MRI sequences obtained from 585 patients with spinal tumors (270 benign, 315 malignant) between January 2006 and December 2019 from the cooperative hospital. The experimental results of the WFF were compared with those of one radiologist (D1) and two spine surgeons (D2 and D3). Results In the case of reference age information, the accuracy (ACC) (0.821) of WFF was higher than three doctors’ ACC (D1: 0.686; D2: 0.736; D3: 0.636). Without age information, the ACC (0.800) of the WFF was also higher than that of the three doctors (D1: 0.750; D2: 0.664; D3:0.614). Conclusions The proposed WFF is effective in the diagnosis of benign and malignant spinal tumors with complex histological types on MRI.

A thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) with switchable single-wavelength output was proposed and experimentally constructed, and its output characteristics were investigated. The central wavelengths were 1940.52 nm and 2048.04 nm, defined by a superimposed uniform fiber Bragg grating (SI-UFBG) with reflectivity larger than 92%. Switchable output was successfully achieved by using polarization-dependent loss, with the help of a drop-in polarization controller and an in-line polarizer. For both output wavelengths, optical signal-to-noise ratios larger than 80 dB were achieved. Maximum fluctuations of the central wavelengths of 1940.52 nm and 2048.02 nm under 60 min were, respectively, 0.04 nm and 0.01 nm. Maximum fluctuations of output power for the same wavelengths over the same time period were, respectively, 1.09 dB and 0.12 dB. Maximum output powers of 215.12 mW and 155.53 mW were achieved for the respective output wavelengths of 1940.52 nm and 2048.02 nm. Moreover, a tuning range of ∼2 nm was realized by enforcing a strain on the SI-UFBG. The proposed TDFL may be applied in laser medicine and free-space-related applications.

Abstract Emerging evidence reveals that amino acid metabolism plays an important role in ferroptotic cell death. The conversion of methionine to cysteine is well known to protect tumour cells from ferroptosis upon cysteine starvation through transamination. However, whether amino acids‐produced metabolites participate in ferroptosis independent of the cysteine pathway is largely unknown. Here, the authors show that the tryptophan metabolites serotonin (5‐HT) and 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid (3‐HA) remarkably facilitate tumour cells to escape from ferroptosis distinct from cysteine‐mediated ferroptosis inhibition. Mechanistically, both 5‐HT and 3‐HA act as potent radical trapping antioxidants (RTA) to eliminate lipid peroxidation, thereby inhibiting ferroptotic cell death. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) markedly abrogates the protective effect of 5‐HT via degrading 5‐HT. Deficiency of MAOA renders cancer cells resistant to ferroptosis upon 5‐HT treatment. Kynureninase (KYNU), which is essential for 3‐HA production, confers cells resistant to ferroptotic cell death, whereas 3‐hydroxyanthranilate 3,4‐dioxygenase (HAAO) significantly blocks 3‐HA mediated ferroptosis inhibition by consuming 3‐HA. In addition, the expression level of HAAO is positively correlated with lipid peroxidation and clinical outcome. Together, the findings demonstrate that tryptophan metabolism works as a new anti‐ferroptotic pathway to promote tumour growth, and targeting this pathway will be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.

Background With rapid developments of single‐cell sequencing and multi/trans‐omics, clinical single‐cell biomedicine is a new and emergent discipline to integrate single‐cell molecular and clinical phenomes and uncover new disease‐specific diagnosis and therapy. Aims The journal of Clinical and Translational Medicine (CTM) launches the first CTM initiative of Clinical Single‐Cell Biomedicine (cscBioMed) to promote the discovery and development of single‐cell‐based biology and medicine, speed the translation from single‐cell biology into clinical application, and improve early diagnosis and therapy for human diseases. Materials & Methods The cscBioMed initiative is speeding translational processes from circulating single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) into routine measures in clinical biochemistry of hematology, from spatial transcriptomics into single‐cell pathology, from single‐cell‐based biomarkers and targets into clinical diagnostics and target drugs. Conclusion With a clear goal, we expect that cscBioMed will benefit the human health by establishing a clinical single‐cell dynamic monitoring and early predicting system and by improving diagnosis and treatment.