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Abstract Background The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy has a limited therapeutic effect on solid tumors owing to the limited CAR-T cell infiltration into solid tumors and the inactivation of CAR-T cells by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Macrophage is an important component of the innate and adaptive immunity, and its unique phagocytic function has been explored to construct CAR macrophages (CAR-Ms) against solid tumors. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic application of CAR-Ms in ovarian cancer. Methods In this study, we constructed novel CAR structures, which consisted of humanized anti-HER2 or CD47 scFv, CD8 hinge region and transmembrane domains, as well as the 4-1BB and CD3ζ intracellular domains. We examined the phagocytosis of HER2 CAR-M and CD47 CAR-M on ovarian cancer cells and the promotion of adaptive immunity. Two syngeneic tumor models were used to estimate the in vivo antitumor activity of HER2 CAR-M and CD47 CAR-M. Results We constructed CAR-Ms targeting HER2 and CD47 and verified their phagocytic ability to ovarian cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The constructed CAR-Ms showed antigen-specific phagocytosis of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and could activate CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) to secrete various anti-tumor factors. For the in vivo model, mice with human-like immune systems were used. We found that CAR-Ms enhanced CD8+ T cell activation, affected tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype, and led to tumor regression. Conclusions We demonstrated the inhibition effect of our constructed novel HER2 CAR-M and CD47 CAR-M on target antigen-positive ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo, and preliminarily verified that this inhibitory effect is due to phagocytosis, promotion of adaptive immunity and effect on tumor microenvironment.

The single generalized weighted composition operator Du,ψn on various spaces of analytic functions has been investigated for decades, i.e., Du,ψnf=u·(f(n)∘ψ), where f∈H(D). However, the study of the finite sum of generalized weighted composition operators with different orders, i.e., PU,ψkf=u0·f∘ψ+u1·f′∘ψ+⋯+uk·f(k)∘ψ, is far from complete. The boundedness, compactness and essential norm of sums of generalized weighted composition operators from weighted Bergman spaces with doubling weights into Bloch-type spaces are investigated. We show a rigidity property of PU,ψk. Specifically, the boundedness and compactness of the sum PU,ψk is equivalent to those of each Dun,ψn, 0≤n≤k.

Let n∈N0, ψ be an analytic self-map on D and u be an analytic function on D. The single operator Du,ψn acting on various spaces of analytic functions has been a subject of investigation for many years. It is defined as (Du,ψnf)(z)=u(z)f(n)(ψ(z)),f∈H(D). However, the study of the operator Pu→,ψk, which represents a finite sum of these operators with varying orders, remains incomplete. The boundedness, compactness and essential norm of the operator Pu→,ψk on the Bloch space are investigated in this paper, and several characterizations for these properties are provided.

In this paper, the boundedness and compactness of the inclusion mapping from $Q_p$ spaces into tent spaces $\mathcal{T}_{\frac{qp}{2},s}^{q}$ are completely characterized when $q>2$. As an application, the boundedness of the Volterra integral operator $T_g$ from $Q_p$ to the space $\mathcal{LF}(q,q-2,\frac{qp}{2})$ is obtained. Moreover, the essential norm and compactness of $T_g$ are also investigated.

PU.1, a transcription factor member of the E26 transformation-specific family, affects the function of a variety of immune cells in several physiological and pathological conditions. Previous studies studying the role of PU.1 in pathological conditions have mainly focused on immune system-related cancers, and a series of articles have confirmed that PU.1 mutation can induce a variety of immune cell-related malignancies. The underlying mechanism has also been extensively validated. However, the role of PU.1 in other major immune system-related diseases, namely, systemic autoimmune diseases, is still unclear. It was only in recent years that researchers began to gradually realize that PU.1 also played an important role in a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review article summarizes the findings of recent studies that investigated the role of PU.1 in various autoimmune diseases and the related underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it presents new ideas and provides insight into the role of PU.1 as a potential treatment target for autoimmune diseases and highlights existing research problems and future research directions in related fields.

Some characterizations for weighted composition operators to be invertible on Dirichlet type spaces $\mathfrak{D}_{\rho}$ are given in this paper when $\rho$ is finite lower type greater than $0$ and upper type less than $1$. In particular, the equivalence between invertible and preserve frames is established. Moreover, weighted composition operators that preserve tight frames and normalized tight frames on the Dirichlet type space $\mathfrak{D}_{\alpha}$ $(0 < \alpha < 1)$ are also investigated.

The boundedness, compactness, and essential norm of weighted composition operators from Dirichlet-Zygmund spaces into Zygmund-type spaces and Bloch-type spaces are investigated in this paper.

The boundedness and compactness of the inclusion mapping from Besov spaces to tent spaces are studied in this paper. Meanwhile, the boundedness, compactness, and essential norm of the Volterra integral operator Tg from Besov spaces to a class of general function spaces are also investigated.

The boundedness, compactness, and essential norm of weighted composition operators from Besov Zygmund-type spaces into Zygmund-type spaces are investigated in this paper.

In this paper, we give an estimate for the essential norm of an integral-type operator from \(\omega\)-Bloch spaces to \(\mu\)-Zygmund spaces on the unit ball.

We characterize the compactness of the generalized weighted composition operators acting on the Bergman space.

In this paper, we characterize the closure of the Morrey space in the Bloch space. Furthermore, the boundedness and compactness of composition operators from the Bloch space to the closure of the Morrey space in the Bloch space are investigated.

Abstract In this paper, we give some estimates of the essential norm for generalized weighted composition operators from the Bloch space to the Zygmund space. Moreover, we give a new characterization for the boundedness and compactness of the operator.

Let φ be a holomorphic self-map and g be a fixed holomorphic function on the unit ball B. The boundedness and compactness of the operator Tg,φf(z)=∫01f(φ(tz))ℜg(tz)dtt from the generalized weighted Bergman space into the µ-Bloch space are studied in this paper.

Let H(B) denote the space of all holomorphic functions on the unit ball B. Let u∈H(B) and φ be a holomorphic self-map of B. In this paper, we investigate the boundedness and compactness of the weighted composition operator uCφ from the general function space F(p,q,s) to the weighted-type space Hμ∞ in the unit ball.

Let Bn be the unit ball of Cn, H(Bn) the space of all holomorphic functions in Bn. Let u∈H(Bn) and α be a holomorphic self-map of Bn. For f∈H(Bn), the weigthed composition operator uCα is defined by (uCαf)(z)=u(z)f(α(z)),z∈Bn. The boundedness and compactness of the weighted composition operator on some weighted spaces on the unit ball are studied in this paper.

We characterize the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators from weighted Bergman-Orlicz spaces with doubling weights to weighted Zygmund spaces on the unit disc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the boundedness of the inclusion mapping from weighted Bergman spaces Aαp into a class of tent type space Tsp,n(μ). As an application, the boundedness, compactness and essential norm of generalized integral operators Tgn,k and Sgn,0 from Aαp to general function spaces are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the boundedness and compactness of the identity operator from Qx spaces into tent spaces Tqλ,s are completely characterized in the unit ball of Cn when q > 2. As an application, the boundedness of the extended Cesaro operator Tg from Qx to the space F(p;q; s; p) is obtained. Moreover, the essential norm and compactness of Tg are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the boundedness and compactness of embedding from Dirichlet-Morrey spaces Dʎp into tent spaces Ts(µ) are investigated. As an application, we characterize the boundedness of the Volterra integral operator Jg from Dʎp to general function spaces F(2, p(1 - ʎ), s). Meanwhile, the operator Ig and the multiplication operator Mg from Dʎp to F(2, p(1 - ʎ), s) are studied. Furthermore, the essential norm of Jg and Ig from Dʎp to F(2, p(1 - ʎ), s) are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A family of Bergman-Morrey type spaces in the unit disc are introduced. The boundedness of the embedding from Bergman-Morrey type spaces to a class of tent spaces is studied. The boundedness, compactness, norm and essential norm of Volterra integral operators on Bergman-Morrey type spaces are also investigated in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Gaze is the primary way for pedestrians to obtain clues from traffic scenes before making decisions. Therefore, understanding pedestrian gaze pattern is vital for traffic safety in general and for the design of autonomous vehicles. Methods In this study, participants made road-crossing decisions in a naturalistic traffic scene, with an eye-tracker recording their gaze behaviors. We manually encoded the recorded videos with 14,898 fixations, and then analyzed the gaze pattern at three levels from general to specific: gaze towards overall scenes, gaze towards vehicles and gaze towards components of vehicles. Findings At the first level, our findings indicate that frequent fixations began to appear at the distance of 100 m and peaked around 5–30 m away from pedestrians. Transversely pedestrians mainly gazed at the two lanes adjacent to themselves. Pedestrians allocated 53% gaze duration to motor vehicles. For a specific vehicle, which is the second level, the gaze duration varied with vehicles' attributes such as distances, sizes, and types. Finally, at the third level, we discovered that pedestrians’ gaze duration on different vehicle components varied with the longitudinal distance. As vehicles approach, the main area of fixation expanded from the near side headlight to the whole front and near side, and finally shift to the near side of a vehicle. Implications The distribution of fixations in space and vehicle components before pedestrian crossing can provide fundamental information for understanding and modeling of pedestrian's road-crossing behaviors. In practice, our findings can guide the timing and position of information displays on autonomous vehicles to facilitate friendly interaction with pedestrians.