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AbstractBackground The chemotherapy resistance often leads to chemotherapy failure. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism by which MUC1 regulates paclitaxel resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), providing scientific basis for future target selection.Methods The bioinformatics method was used to analyse the mRNA and protein expression characteristics of MUC1 in LUAD. RT-qPCR and ELISA were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression, flow cytometry was used to detect CD133+ cells, and cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. The mRNA-seq was performed to analyse the changes in expression profile, GO and KEGG analysis were used to explore the potential biological functions.Results MUC1 is highly expressed in LUAD patients and is associated with a higher tumour infiltration. In paclitaxel resistance LUAD cells (A549/TAX cells), the expression of MUC1, EGFR/p-EGFR and IL-6 were higher than that of A549 cells, the proportion of CD133+ cells was significantly increased, and the expression of cancer stem cell (CSCs) transcription factors (NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2) were significantly up-regulated. After knocking down MUC1 in A549/Tax cells, the activity of A549/Tax cells was significantly decreased. Correspondingly, the expression of EGFR, IL-6, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 were significantly down-regulated. The mRNA-seq showed that knocking down MUC1 affected the gene expression, DEGs mainly enriched in NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathway.Conclusion MUC1 was highly expressed in A549/TAX cells, and MUC1-EGFR crosstalk with IL-6 may be due to the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which promote the enrichment of CSCs and lead to paclitaxel resistance.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of oral probiotic supplements in patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of advanced lung cancer. Methods This prospective real-world study enrolled patients with advanced lung cancer who were receiving ICIs as part of their treatment. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group OPS received oral probiotic supplements along with ICIs, while Group C did not. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary outcome measure was the objective response rate (ORR). Results A total of 253 patients were included in the study, with 71 patients in Group OPS and 182 patients in the control group (Group C). No significant differences were observed in the median PFS between the 2 groups for all patients. However, for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, the median PFS was significantly better in the Group OPS compared to the Group C (11.1 months vs 7.0 months, P = .049). No significant differences were observed in median PFS for the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort between the 2 groups, but a trend towards better median PFS in Group OPS was noticed (16.5 months vs 12.3 months, P = .56). The ORR for the entire cohort was 58.0%. Conclusion Oral probiotics supplements in combination with ICIs included regimen may improve the outcome in patients with advanced SCLC. The above points should be proved by further study.

BackgroundWhether radiotherapy can improve the long-term survival of HER-2+ metastatic breast cancer remains unclear. We launched this study to explore the effect of HER-2+ metastatic breast cancer patients through anti-HER-2 targeted therapy + radiotherapy.Methods488 HER-2 + metastatic breast cancer patients who received anti-HER2 targeted ± local radiotherapy from March 2006 to September 2021 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into a radiotherapy group (n=207) and a non-radiotherapy group (n=281) based on whether they received radiotherapy or not. 1: 1 propensity matching analysis was used to determine two groups of patients with similar baselines.ResultsBefore matching, the radiotherapy group (n=207) had a median overall survival (mOS) of 51.7 months (48.8-63.8), which was superior to the non-radiotherapy group’s (n=281) mOS of 33.9 months (27.9-39.9) (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the radiotherapy group exhibited better 1-year (94.6% vs 83.9%), 3-year (70.8% vs 45.5%), and 5-year (43.3% vs 25.0%) survival rates compared to the control group. Propensity score matching analysis identified 135 pairs of baseline-matched patients. In the matched groups, the mOS was 57.2 (44.5-69.8) months in the radiotherapy group (n=135) and 34.1 (27.5-40.6) months in the non-radiotherapy group (n=135), showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). Additionally, the radiotherapy group demonstrated 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of 93.2%, 71.5%, and 46.9%, respectively, while those in the non-radiotherapy group were 89.4%, 45.8%, and 22.2%, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the presence of brain metastasis, liver metastasis, and radiotherapy were identified as independent predictive factors significantly associated with OS.ConclusionIn patients with HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer, radiotherapy was associated with better survival benefits compared to those who did not receive radiotherapy.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of oral administration of magnesium‐L‐threonate, a novel magnesium compound, on the analgesic effect of opioids in patients with advanced cancer. Methods We performed a prospective, randomized, double‐blind trial at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. Eligible cancer patients who took opioids orally were assigned randomly to receive L‐TAMS capsules (1.5 g or 2.0 g according to weight) or a placebo (starch capsules). The primary outcome was the increase in the daily oral dose of morphine in each of the two groups, measured at 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90 days during this trial. Results A total of 116 patients from the oncology and pain departments, including inpatients and outpatients, were screened; 83 were enrolled. The increases in daily morphine doses began to differ from day 30 (L‐TAMS group 9.85 mg/d vs. Placebo group 20.49 mg/d, p

Abstract Background Patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) often grieve over a low quality of life brought about by chronic pain. In our previous studies, we determined that neuroinflammation of the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) was associated with mechanisms of interstitial cystitis. Moreover, it has been shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and pathological pain through BDNF-TrkB signaling; however, whether it plays a role in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis remains unclear. This study aimed to confirm whether BDNF-TrkB signaling modulates neuroinflammation and mechanical allodynia in CYP-induced cystitis and determine how it occurs. Methods Systemic intraperitoneal injection of CYP was performed to establish a rat cystitis model. BDNF-TrkB signaling was modulated by intraperitoneal injection of the TrkB receptor antagonist, ANA-12, or intrathecal injection of exogenous BDNF. Mechanical allodynia in the suprapubic region was assessed using the von Frey filaments test. The expression of BDNF, TrkB, p-TrkB, Iba1, GFAP, p-p38, p-JNK, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the L6-S1 SDH was measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Results BDNF-TrkB signaling was upregulated significantly in the SDH after CYP was injected. Similarly, the expressions of Iba1, GFAP, p-p38, p-JNK, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the SDH were all upregulated. Treatment with ANA-12 could attenuate mechanical allodynia, restrain activation of astrocytes and microglia and alleviate neuroinflammation. Besides, the intrathecal injection of exogenous BDNF further decreased the mechanical withdrawal threshold, promoted activation of astrocytes and microglia, and increased the release of TNF-α and IL-1β in the SDH of our CYP-induced cystitis model. Conclusions In our CYP-induced cystitis model, BDNF promoted the activation of astrocytes and microglia to release TNF-α and IL-1β, aggravating neuroinflammation and leading to mechanical allodynia through BDNF-TrkB-p38/JNK signaling.

Video event detection and annotation work is an important content of video analysis and the basis of video content retrieval. Basketball is one of the most popular types of sports. Event detection and labeling of basketball videos can help viewers quickly locate events of interest and meet retrieval needs. This paper studies the application of anisotropic diffusion in video image smoothing, denoising, and enhancement. An improved form of anisotropic diffusion that can be used for video image enhancement is analyzed. This paper studies the anisotropic diffusion method for coherent speckle noise removal and proposes a video image denoising method that combines anisotropic diffusion and stationary wavelet transform. This paper proposes an anisotropic diffusion method based on visual characteristics, which adds a factor of video image detail while smoothing, and improves the visual effect of diffusion. This article discusses how to apply anisotropic diffusion methods and ideas to video image segmentation. We introduced the classic watershed segmentation algorithm and used forward-backward diffusion to process video images to reduce oversegmentation, introduced the active contour model and its improved GVF Snake, and analyzed the idea of how to use anisotropic diffusion and improve the GVF Snake model to get a new GGVF Snake model. In the study of basketball segmentation of close-up shots, we propose an improved Hough transform method based on a variable direction filter, which can effectively extract the center and radius of the basketball. The algorithm has good robustness to basketball partial occlusion and motion blur. In the basketball segmentation research of the perspective shot, the commonly used object segmentation method based on the change area detection is very sensitive to noise and requires the object not to move too fast. In order to correct the basketball segmentation deviation caused by the video noise and the fast basketball movement, we make corrections based on the peak characteristics of the edge gradient. At the same time, the internal and external energy calculation methods of the traditional active contour model are improved, and the judgment standard of the regional optimal solution and segmentation validity is further established. In the basketball tracking research, an improved block matching method is proposed. On the one hand, in order to overcome the influence of basketball’s own rotation, this article establishes a matching criterion that has nothing to do with the location of the area. On the other hand, this article improves the diamond motion search path based on the basketball’s motion correlation and center offset characteristics to reduce the number of searches and improve the tracking speed.

Cu2(OH)PO4 microstructures were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using three different types cupric salts (Cu (NO3)2, CuSO4, Cu(CH3COO)2) as raw materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible-NIR absorption spectra were used to characterize the as-obtained products. The different anions (SO42-, CH3COO-, NO3-) have different shapes and polarities, which can generate different interactions in reaction bath, induced the difference of structure and morphology of the prepared Cu2(OH)PO4. The Cu2(OH)PO4 microstructures prepared form Cu(NO3)2•3H2O showed the best photocatalytic activity induced by near-infrared light to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) solution. Our work suggests that the active morphological surfaces as well as different coordination environments for the metal ions has an important influence on the photocatalytic performance of Cu2(OH)PO4 microstructure.

NiFe2O4 nanosheets have been synthesized via a simple surfactant-assisted solution route, which are confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The NiFe2O4 sample exhibits the sheet-like structure, with width varying from 200 to 800 nm and thickness ranging from 20 to 60 nm. The electromagnetic properties of NiFe2O4 nanosheets-paraffin composites have been deeply investigated. The multiple dielectric relaxation loss in NiFe2O4 nanosheets is attributed to the size distribution and morphology of the NiFe2O4 nanosheets. The magnetic loss in the present system is caused mainly by the natural resonance. An absorber with a thickness of 4.3 mm exhibits an optimal reflection loss (RL) value of -47.1 dB at 7.67 GHz. RL values exceeding -20 dB in the 2.68-17.96 GHz range are obtained by choosing an appropriate absorption-layer thickness between 1.9 and 10 mm. Not only the RL peak frequency but also the number of the peaks can be well explained by the quarter-wavelength cancellation model.

The composite Ag3PO4/CeO2 photocatlyst, a novel p-n type heterojunction, has been successfully fabricated through a facile hydrothermal process combined with a successive in situ precipitation technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) were used to characterize the as-obtained products. The SEM and TEM image show that CeO2 particles have been successfully loaded and well distributed in the surface of Ag3PO4. The photocatalytic activities of the p-Ag3PO4/n-CeO2 heterojunctions were investigated for their efficiency on the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under ultra-violet light and visible light irradiation, and the results showed that the p-Ag3PO4/n-CeO2 heterojunctions possessed remarkable photocatalytic activities. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the extended absorption in the visible light region resulting from the Ag3PO4 and the effective separation of photogenerated carriers driven by the internal electrostatic field in the junction region.

Cervicogenic headache is a relatively common but unique form of headache, and in China, as well as in several other countries, both diagnosis and a clear evidence-based treatment plan remain controversial. Therefore, the Chinese Association for the Study of Pain organized a meeting of pain management experts and created an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cervicogenic headache in China. This article summarizes the conclusions of the consensus group regarding the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of cervicogenic headache in China.

AbstractThree-dimensional butterfly-like Ni architectures were fabricated by a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method. The Ni architectures, with lengths of about 20 μm and widths of 4-6 μm, were assembled from tens of Ni nanorods with the averaged diameter of about 200 nm. The Ni nanorods were coated by oxide shells. The saturation magnetization of the Ni architectures was found to be 66.2 emu/g. The magnetic loss in the Ni architectures was mainly caused by the natural resonance, while the dielectric relaxation loss was originated from the interfacial relaxation between the oxide shells and the Ni nanorods in addition to the size distribution and morphology of the Ni architectures. Absorbers with a thickness of 2.1 mm exhibited an optimal reflection loss (RL) value of -38.9 dB at 12.8 GHz. RL values exceeding -20 dB in the 8.0-17.8 GHz range were obtained by choosing absorber thicknesses between 1.5 and 3.2 mm. A quarter-wavelength cancellation model was used to explain the observed thickness dependence of RL peak frequency.

AbstractA highly efficient photocatalyst Ag3PO4/Ag was prepared by a one-step low temperature chemical bath method. The reflectance spectra (DRS) indicated Ag3PO4/Ag had strong absorption in visible light region. The synthesized Ag3PO4/Ag photocatalyst was used as the efficient photocatalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light illumination which showed almost complete degradation (~ 98%) of RhB dye in 90 min. The negative surface of Ag3PO4/Ag photocatalyst also promoted the degradation of a cationic dye like methylene bule (MB; 78% in 90min), while the performance against an anionic dye like methyl orange was poorer (MO; 40% in 90 min). Compared to the pure Ag3PO4 photocatalyst, the Ag3PO4/Ag photocatalyst showed the enhanced visible light photocatalytic informance. The excellent photocatalytic performance is mainly ascribed to the surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles and a large negative charge of PO43- ions.

A large scale direct hydrothermal method has been used to prepare face-centered cubic (FCC) Co/C nanocapsules with a core of FCC-Co nanoparticles and a shell of amorphous C. The size distribution is 5-20 nm. The TB of FCC-Co/C nanocapsules is determined as 85 K, indicating that FCC-Co/C nanocapsules are superparamagnetic at 300 K. For FCC-Co/C nanocapsules-paraffin composite, an optimal reflection losbs (RL) of -33.4 dB is observed at 9.6 GHz for the 2.6 mm thick layer. RL values exceeding –20 dB in the 7.4 –15 GHz range are obtained by choosing an appropriate absorption-layer thickness between 1.7 and 3.3 mm. The good microwave absorbing properties of FCC-Co/C nanocapsules is considered to result from the excellent synergetic effect of the multi-dielectric relaxation loss and the multi-magnetic resonance loss. Quantitative calculation demonstrated that not only RL peak position but also the number of the peaks are determined by the quarter-wavelength cancellation model.

Core/shell-structured nickel/carbon (Ni/C) nanocapsules with Ag3PO4 nanoparticle decoration (Ag3PO4@Ni/C) are prepared by an arc-discharge process and an ion-exchange process. The Ag3PO4@Ni/C nanocapsules show a clear decoration of Ag3PO4 nanoparticles of 4–20 nm diameter on the C shell of the Ni/C nanocapsules of ∼60 nm diameter. The amount of Ag3PO4 nanoparticles that can be decorated on the Ni/C nanocapsules depends on the volume of Na2HPO4 reactant used in the ion-exchange process. The Ag3PO4@Ni/C nanocapsules demonstrate interestingly high and tunable electromagnetic absorption properties with different amounts of Ag3PO4 nanoparticle decoration in the paraffin-bonded composites over the 2–18 GHz microwave range. The nanocapsules prepared with 100 ml Na2HPO4 exhibit much enhanced dielectric and magnetic losses for an improved electromagnetic impedance match. These result in a large reflection loss (RL) of -31.4 dB at 12.3 GHz for a small absorber thickness of 2.6 mm in conjunction with a very wide effective absorption bandwidth (for RL

Core/shell-structured, hard/soft spinel-ferrite-based CoFe2O4/NiFe2O4 (CFO/NFO) nanocapsules with an average diameter of 17 nm are synthesized by a facile two-step hydrothermal process using CFO cores of ∼15 nm diameter as the hard magnetic phase and NFO shells of ∼1 nm thickness as the soft magnetic phase. The single-phase-like hysteresis loop with a high remnant-to-saturation magnetization ratio of 0.7, together with a small grain size of ∼16 nm, confirms the existence of exchange-coupling interaction between the CFO cores and the NFO shells. The effect of hard/soft exchange coupling on the microwave absorption properties is studied. Comparing to CFO and NFO nanoparticles, the finite-size NFO shells and the core/shell structure enable a significant reduction in electric resistivity and an enhancement in dipole and interfacial polarizations in the CFO/NFO nanocapsules, resulting in an obvious increase in dielectric permittivity and loss in the whole S–Ku bands of microwaves of 2–18 GHz, respectively. The exchange-coupling interaction empowers a more favorable response of magnetic moment to microwaves, leading to enhanced exchange resonances in magnetic permeability and loss above 10 GHz. As a result, strong absorption, as characterized by a large reflection loss (RL) of -20.1 dB at 9.7 GHz for an absorber thickness of 4.5 mm as well as a broad effective absorption bandwidth (for RL

Flower - like Co(OH)2/C nanocomposites have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Flower - like Co(OH)2/C nanocomposites were self - assembled by the nanosheets with the thickness distribution of 50 - 80 nm and abundant flocculent carbon structures. With the help of transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer, nanosheets were observed to have core/shell structure, in which Co(OH)2 worked as cores and amorphous C as shells. When the as - prepared products were heated for 6 h at 180 ºC, the Co(OH)2 cores were amorphous. The heating time increased to 10 h, the Co(OH)2 cores became crystalline. The formation mechanism and the self - assembly evolution process were proposed. The microwave dielectric properties of Co(OH)2/C nanocomposites were investigated in the frequency range of 0.03 - 18 GHz. Compared with the amorphous Co(OH)2/C nanocomposites, crystalline nanocomposites had the better conductivity.

The microstructure and microwave absorption of carbon-coated Cu nanocapsules have been investigated. Carbon-coated Cu nanocapsules have been synthesized by an arc-discharge method. The paraffin-Cu/C nanocapsules composite shows excellent electromagnetic (EM) absorption properties. An optimal reflection loss (RL) value of - 40.0 dB is reached at 10.52 GHz for a layer 1.9 mm thickness. RL exceeding - 20 dB can be realized in any interval within the 1-18 GHz range by choosing an appropriate thickness of the absorbent layer between 1.1 and 10.0 mm. Theoretical simulation for the microwave absorption using the transmission line theory agrees reasonably well with the experimental results. The EM-wave absorption properties of nanocapsules materials are illustrated by means of an absorption-tube-map. The carbon-coated Cu nanocapsule is an attractive candidate for EM-wave absorption, which significantly enriches the family of EM-wave nanoabsorbents.

A facile hydrothermal strategy is proposed to synthesize flower-like β-Co(OH)2 hierarchical microspherical superstructures with a diameter of 0.5-1.5 μm, which are self-assembled by β-Co(OH)2 nanosheets with the average thickness ranging between 20 and 40 nm. The magnetocaloric effect associated with magnetic phase transitions in Co(OH)2 superstructures has been investigated. A sign change in the magnetocaloric effect is induced by a magnetic field, which is related to a filed-induced transition from the antiferromagnetic to the ferromagnetic state below the Néel temperature. The large reversible magnetic-entropy change -ΔSm (13.4 J/kg K at 15 K for a field change of 5 T) indicates that flower-like Co(OH)2 superstructures is a potential candidate for application in magnetic refrigeration in the low-temperature range.

Core/shell-structured nickel/nitrogen-doped onion-like carbon (Ni/(C, N)) nanocapsules are synthesized by a modified arc-discharge method using N2 gas as the source of N atoms. Core/shell-structured Ni/C nanocapsules are also prepared for comparison. The Ni/(C, N) nanocapsules with diameters of 10–80 nm exhibit a clear core/shell structure. The doping of N atoms introduces more lattice defects into the (C, N) shells and creates more disorderly C in the (C, N) shells. This leads to a slight shift in the dielectric resonance peak to the lower frequency side and an increase in the dielectric loss tangent for the Ni/(C, N) nanocapsules in comparison with the Ni/C nanocapsules. The magnetic permeability of both types of nanocapsules remains almost unaltered since the N atoms exist only in the (C, N) shells. The reflection loss (RL) of the Ni/(C, N) nanocapsules not only reaches a high value of -35 dB at 13.6 GHz, but also is generally improved in the low-frequency S and C microwave bands covering 2–8 GHz as a result of the N-doping-induced additional dipolar polarization and dielectric loss from the (C, N) shells.