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Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the management of hospital infection became even more crucial. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a competency model for the healthcare practitioners to adhere to combating public health emergencies. Aim This study was undertaken to determine the practitioners' competence in the hospital infection prevention and control measures that are significant for their competence development. Method Based on the literature review, the key informant interviews, the Delphi method, and the questionnaire survey, a theoretical framework was developed. These items were evaluated based on the response rate, maximum score, minimum score, and mean score. Factor analyses, both exploratory and confirmatory, were used to determine the structure of the competence model. Results The effective response rate on the questionnaires was 88.29%, and Cronbach's α-coefficient of the scale was 0.964. Factor analysis revealed a KMO of 0.945. The Bartlett's test gave an χ2 of 10523.439 (df = 435; p < 0.001). After exploratory factor analysis, the 5-factor model was retained, 4 items were deleted, and a 5-dimensional, 26-item scale was obtained. The new structure's confirmatory factor analysis revealed a high goodness of fit (CFI = 0.921; TLI = 0.911; SRMR = 0.053; and RMSEA = 0.044). Conclusion The proposed scale is a useful tool to assess the competence of hospital infection prevention and control practitioners, which can help hospitals to improve their work of infection prevention and control., HIPCPs: hospital infection prevention and control practitioners.

The plasma membrane subfamily of aquaporins [plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs)], which facilitates the CO2 diffusion across membranes, is proposed to play an important role in mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm ), a major limiting factor of photosynthesis. However, recent studies implied no causal relationship between gm and PIPs because they failed to repeat the previous observed differences in gm between PIP knockout lines and their wild-type. The contrasting results on the role of PIPs in gm were interpreted as the different growth conditions among studies, which has never been tested. Here, we assessed whether the differences in gm between wild-type and PIP knockout lines, Ospip1;1, Ospip1;2 and Ospip2;1, varied with growth condition (field versus pot condition) and growth stages in rice. Under field conditions, no differences were observed in plant performance, photosynthetic rate (A) and gm between PIP knockout lines and the wild-type. However, in agreement with previous studies, two out of three knockout lines showed significant declines in tiller number, plant height, A and gm under pot conditions. Moreover, we found that the differences in A and gm between PIP knockout lines and the wild-type varied with the growth stage of the plants. Our results showed that the differences in gm between PIP knockout lines and wild-type were depending on the growth environments and stage of the plants, and further efforts are required to reveal the underlying mechanisms.

Managing cancer pain is a growing challenge. Individualized pharmaceutical care is particularly important for opioid-tolerant outpatients due to variation in terms of their knowledge about pain, treatment adherence, and risk of experiencing inadequate analgesia and severe adverse events. This study aimed to determine the influence of individualized pharmaceutical care on outcomes in opioid-tolerant outpatients with cancer pain.A multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study was carried out. Opioid-tolerant outpatients experiencing chronic cancer pain and receiving sustained-release opioids were randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group with a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group received individualized pharmaceutical care, while the control group received conventional care during 4-week period. The primary endpoint was medication adherence on the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Secondary outcomes included the patients' knowledge of cancer pain and pain medications, pain score, frequency of breakthrough pain, quality of life (QoL) which were assessed on the ITT population. Adverse events were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (CTCAE) version 4.0 on the per-protocol (PP) population.A total of 118 patients were enrolled, and 102 patients (51 in each group) completed the 30-day follow-up from six oncology centers in China. The proportion of patients adhering to opioid medication increased to similar levels in the two groups during the 4 weeks (P=0.149). The intervention group had a significantly lower pain score at 4 weeks compared to the control group (P=0.015), and the proportion of participants without breakthrough pain was significantly higher at 4 weeks than at baseline in the intervention group (P=0.029), but not in the control group (P=0.322). The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of QoL or adverse events.Our results suggest that individualized pharmaceutical care can markedly reduce patient-related problems and significantly improve pain control in opioid-tolerant outpatients. These findings validate the recommendations to include clinical pharmacists in the management of cancer pain.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03439904.

In the context of the Healthy China 2030 Plan, the importance of the happiness of urban young returnees should not be underestimated. Based on a large-scale social survey of social practices in China, this paper applies a hierarchical linear regression model (HLM) and a structural equation model (SEM) to investigate the determinants of urban young returnees’ happiness. The results show that the happiness of urban young returnees in China is not only influenced by their socio-demographic characteristics, such as age and education, but mainly by their occupational development, institutional factors (especially the employment and entrepreneurship policy system) and social factors (physical environment and urban rural relationship), which are different from those of ordinary residents. Further study shows that occupational development indirectly affects the happiness of urban young returnees through relationship adaptation, collective adaptation and material adaptation, the indirect effects accounts for 42.18%, 21.64% and 36.18%, respectively. Institutional factors exert an indirect effect on the happiness of urban young returnees through relationship adaptation (46.80%) and material adaptation (53.20%). Social factors indirectly affect the happiness of urban young returnees through relationship adaptation (44.20%), collective adaptation (16.96%) and material adaptation (38.84%). Policies to improve the happiness of urban young returnees are suggested.

This study assesses inpatients’ preferences for participating in medical decision-making and determines the factors’ rankings in order of importance and whether they vary for respondents with different characteristics. Case 1 best-worst scaling (BWS) was used for the study design. Thirteen attributes influencing inpatient medical decision-making participation were identified based on a literature review and interview results. A balanced incomplete block design was used to form choice sets for the BWS questionnaire for a cross-sectional study examining inpatients’ preferences for participating in medical decision-making. Based on results from 814 inpatient participants, the three most important factors influencing inpatients’ medical decision-making participation were inpatients’ trust in physicians, physicians’ professional expertise, and physicians’ attitudes. The mixed logit model results reflect the significant heterogeneity in respondents’ preferences for shared decision-making. To facilitate resource allocation, improve the physician-patient relationship, and encourage patient decision-making participation more actively and effectively, decision-makers should emphasize patients’ trust, enhance physicians’ ability to diagnose and treat diseases, and improve their attitudes toward providing care and communication from the perspectives of patients, physicians, and the social environment. Further research is needed on the heterogeneity of patients’ preferences for participating in medical decision-making and how to improve patient participation.

In rural China, treatment adherence of patients with hypertension remains a challenge. Although early research on patient adherence has confirmed the importance of trust in doctors, the relative contribution and influence of the two-dimensional structure of trust on adherence has not been explored. Thus, this study examined the effects of patient trust in primary care physicians' (PCPs) benevolence and ability on medication adherence, dietary management, and physical activity. The data were derived from 2,533 patients at 54 primary health institutions in China (village level) from February 2017 to May 2018. Participants were assessed using the Chinese version of the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale and the Therapeutic Adherence Subscale for Hypertensive Patients. Other information included region, gender, age, and self-rated health status. The results of multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling confirmed that patient trust in PCPs' benevolence was positively correlated with patient adherence to medication, diet management, and physical activity. Patient trust in PCPs' ability was negatively correlated with adherence to dietary management and physical activity. We concluded that interventions aimed at increasing PCP benevolence have the greatest potential to improve patient adherence to hypertension treatment. Under the country's policy of advocating to improve PCPs' diagnoses and treatment technology, it may be important to cultivate doctors' communication skills, medical ethics, and other benevolent qualities to improve patients' adherence with drug and Non-drug treatments.

Objectives This study assesses the status of public service motivation and explains it's the positive association with public cooperation during the initial stage of the COVID‐19 crisis. Moreover, potential causes of Chinese citizens' public service motivation have been explored. Methods A cross‐sectional survey of 30 provinces in China was conducted using an online questionnaire. The study was conducted in February 2020 during the initial stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Socio‐demographic factors, public service motivation, public satisfaction, public confidence, and public cooperation were assessed using questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify clusters of interrelationships among public service motivation, public satisfaction, public confidence, and public cooperation among Chinese citizens. Results We found that participants' public satisfaction with COVID‐19‐related public services had a positive association with public confidence (B = 0.456, p

Purposes: To assess the effects of Tai Chi on quality of life (QOL) of cancer survivors. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, EBSCO (including MEDLINE, CINAHL, and other databases), ScienceDirect, CNKI, Wangfang Data, and CQVIP until April 25, 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English or Chinese examining the effects of Tai Chi intervention for cancer survivors were included. The primary outcome was QOL; the secondary outcomes were limb function/muscular strength, immune function indicators, cancer-related fatigue (CRF), and sleep disturbance. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results of RCTs were pooled with mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Quality of evidence for each outcome was assessed with the GRADE system. Results: Twenty-two RCTs were included in this review. Tai Chi improved the physical (SMD 0.34, 95%CI 0.09, 0.59) and mental health (SMD 0.60, 95%CI 0.12, 1.08) domains of quality of life. The intervention improved the limb/muscular function of breast cancer survivors (SMD 1.19, 95%CI 0.63, 1.75) and in mixed samples of cancer survivors reduced the levels of cortisol (MD − 0.09, 95%CI − 0.16, − 0.02), alleviated CRF (SMD − 0.37, 95%CI − 0.70, − 0.04), and promoted sleep (SMD − 0.37, 95%CI − 0.72, − 0.02). Conclusion: There is low-level evidence suggesting that Tai Chi improves physical and mental dimensions of QOL and sleep. There is moderate-level evidence suggesting Tai Chi reduces levels of cortisol and CRF and improves limb function. Additional studies with larger sample sizes and with higher-quality RCT designs comparing different regimens of Tai Chi are warranted.

Opioid-tolerant patients are more likely to deviate from recommended treatments and to experience inadequate analgesia than opioid-naive ones. The aim of this study was to examine whether pharmacist-led management could help improve treatment adherence and quality of life.Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to control group and intervention group. The control group received routine education and support, while the intervention group received additional individualized pharmacist-led care. The primary endpoint was treatment adherence in the per-protocol analysis, as evaluated by blinded assessors. An interim analysis was planned when 30% patients completed the study. Alpha was divided into the interim analysis (0.015) and the final analysis (0.035).In the interim analysis (97 and 87 patients in the control and intervention groups, respectively), the primary endpoint was met. Pharmacist-led intervention significantly increased treatment adherence (93.3 vs. 79.8%; OR: 2.25; 95% CI 1.02, 4.94; P = 0.013), quality of life (0.81 ± 0.17 vs. 0.72 ± 0.25; P = 0.008), and reporting of adverse events (82.7 vs. 61.9%; OR: 1.88; 95% CI 1.16, 3.07; P = 0.004). The two groups did not differ in pain control rate (66.7 vs. 57.1%; OR: 1.25; 95% CI 0.87, 1.78; P = 0.218), breakthrough pain-free rate (66.7 vs. 61.9%; OR: 1.12; 95% CI 0.78, 1.59; P = 0.532) and pain score (1.97 ± 1.04 vs. 2.15 ± 1.24; P = 0.522).Pharmacist-led management improved treatment adherence, quality of life, and the reporting of adverse events in opioid-tolerant patients with cancer pain.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03455023.

Background This study was undertaken to determine the practitioners' competence in relation to the hospital infection prevention and control measures that is significant for their professional development as well as to ascertain their role in the prevention and control activities against nosocomial infection. During the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, the hospital infection management has become crucial, which has necessitated the urgency of developing a competency model for healthcare practitioners to combat public health emergencies. Method: On the basis of literature review, the key informant interviews, the Delphi method and the questionnaire survey, a theoretical framework and an assessment tool consisting of 26 items were developed. These items were evaluated based on response rate, maximum score, minimum score, and mean score. Factor analyses, both exploratory and confirmatory, were used to determine the structure of the competence model. Measurement invariance of the instruments was determined to ensure that the variables used for the analyses were of similar constructs across the study groups. Results The effective response rate on the questionnaires was 88.29%, and the Cronbach's α-coefficient of the scale was 0.964. Factor analysis revealed a KMO of 0.945. The Bartlett's test gave an χ² of 10523.439 (df = 435; p

To investigate the influence of the home environment, defined as family socioeconomic status (SES) (parent education level, household income), student resource-mediated SES (access to nutritional resources and cognitively stimulating experiences), reading ability, and difficulty with homework on quality of life in children and adolescents residing in urban and suburban areas in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. This study included 3200 Grade 3–6 students from 8 elementary schools in Hangzhou City. Assessments included questionnaires that evaluated student quality of life, family SES, resource-mediated SES (dietary behavior and the home literacy environment), reading ability, and difficulty with homework. The effects of the home environment on student quality of life were analyzed by univariate analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and structural equation modeling. Overall, 80.6% of students had a medium or better quality of life. Young age (Grade 3 or 4), female sex, household income of 10000–15000 RMB, high breakfast consumption, daily intake of fruit, a balanced diet, and good reading habits were positively correlated with student quality of life (P P

Background In rural areas of China, hypertension is on the rise and it is drawing the Chinese government’s attention. The health outcomes of hypertension management can be positively impacted by patient satisfaction with primary care physicians (PCPs), and the influence of patient trust on satisfaction cannot be ignored. This study aimed to analyze the effect of trust in PCPs on patient satisfaction among patients with hypertension in rural China, and the influence of patients’ socio-demographic characteristics and hypertension-management-related factors. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted to investigate 2665 patients with hypertension in rural China. Patient trust and satisfaction were measured using the Chinese version of the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale and the European Task Force on Patient Evaluation of General Practice. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing patient satisfaction, and structural equation modeling was conducted to clarify the relationships among patient trust and patient satisfaction with PCPs. Results Patients’ trust in their PCPs’ benevolence had a positive main effect on all three satisfaction dimensions (clinical behavior: β = 0.940, p p p p p p Conclusions Patients focused more on physicians’ benevolence than on their technical competence. Hence, medical humanities and communication skills education should be emphasized for PCPs. Regarding region-based and health-insurance-based differences, the inequities between eastern, central, and western provinces, as well as between urban and rural areas, must also be addressed.

To assess the effects of Tai Chi on quality of life (QOL) of cancer survivors.The following databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, EBSCO (including MEDLINE, CINAHL, and other databases), ScienceDirect, CNKI, Wangfang Data, and CQVIP until April 25, 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English or Chinese examining the effects of Tai Chi intervention for cancer survivors were included. The primary outcome was QOL; the secondary outcomes were limb function/muscular strength, immune function indicators, cancer-related fatigue (CRF), and sleep disturbance. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results of RCTs were pooled with mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Quality of evidence for each outcome was assessed with the GRADE system.Twenty-two RCTs were included in this review. Tai Chi improved the physical (SMD 0.34, 95%CI 0.09, 0.59) and mental health (SMD 0.60, 95%CI 0.12, 1.08) domains of quality of life. The intervention improved the limb/muscular function of breast cancer survivors (SMD 1.19, 95%CI 0.63, 1.75) and in mixed samples of cancer survivors reduced the levels of cortisol (MD - 0.09, 95%CI - 0.16, - 0.02), alleviated CRF (SMD - 0.37, 95%CI - 0.70, - 0.04), and promoted sleep (SMD - 0.37, 95%CI - 0.72, - 0.02).There is low-level evidence suggesting that Tai Chi improves physical and mental dimensions of QOL and sleep. There is moderate-level evidence suggesting Tai Chi reduces levels of cortisol and CRF and improves limb function. Additional studies with larger sample sizes and with higher-quality RCT designs comparing different regimens of Tai Chi are warranted.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been found to be the third most important endogenous gaseous signaling molecule after nitric oxide (NO) and carbonic oxide (CO) and plays crucial roles in living organisms and biological systems. Here we use aggregation- induced emission (AIE) of a small organic molecule (TPE-indo) to detect H2S in both solution and living cells. TPE-indo can target mitochondria and aggregate to fluoresce, which can serve as a sensor for monitoring H2S in the mitochondria. We regulate the fluorescence of AIE molecules by tuning the viscosity of the solution to form TPE-indo nanoparticles, constructing a probe for H2S with good selectivity and high sensitivity. The nucleophilic addition of HS- to the TPE-indo is crucial for the rapid H2S detection. The imaging and analysis of H2S in mitochondria of living cells with the probe demonstrate potential biological applications.

The National essential medicines policy (NEMP) is promoted by the World Health Organization for affordable medicines that can meet the basic needs of communities. Patient acceptance is essential for achieving the policy goals of the NEMP. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with prescribed medicines in community health services under the NEMP context in China. A stratified random sampling strategy was adopted to select 1,037 participants in 40 community health centres from four provinces in China. Patient satisfaction was rated on a five-point Likert scale (from 1 = "very dissatisfied" to 5 = "very satisfied") covering four domains: availability, affordability, effectiveness and safety. The results showed that the participants expressed a moderate degree of satisfaction, with a rating in the range of 66-82 out of a total of 100. Older people, those covered by insurance and those with a lower level of education tended to have higher ratings. While eastern (wealthy) residents were more likely to be concerned with "effectiveness," western (poor) residents were more likely to be concerned with "affordability." Awareness of the NEMP was negatively associated with patient satisfaction after control for other factors.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of primary care workers about the impacts of the national essential medicines policy (NEMP). Setting A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was undertaken in 42 urban community health centres randomly selected from four provinces in China. Participants 791 primary care workers rated the impacts of the NEMP on a 5-point Likert scale. Outcome measures An average score for the impacts of the NEMP on four aspects (the practice of health workers, interactions of patients with health workers, operations of health centres and provision of medicines) was calculated, each ranging from 0 to 100. A higher score indicates a more positive rating. Linear regression models were established to determine the sociodemographic characteristics (region, age, gender, profession, training, income) that were associated with the ratings. Results The respondents gave an average rating score of 65.61±11.76, 63.17±13.62, 66.35±13.02 and 67.26±11.60 for the impacts of the NEMP on health workers, patients, health centres and provision of medicines, respectively. Respondents from the central region rated the NEMP higher than those from the eastern and western regions. The pharmacists (β=5.457~7.558, p

To investigate the stages of health-related behaviors, family and peer support situation about adolescent in Wuhan, and to provide evidence for health intervention and health promotion.Based on the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, extracted two junior middle school and two high school in two cities in Wuhan from March 2012 to May. A total of 1 200 students, which were part of the first and second grade class in middle school and high school, toke as the investigation object. The study surveyed following content, including the demographic situation, adolescent health-related behavior (physical activity, sedentary behavior, high-fat diet behavior, fruit and vegetable intaking behavior), stages of adolescent health related behavior (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance) and adolescent support got from family and peer. The questionnaire was distributed in 1 200 copies, the valid questionnaires were 1 052 and the effective rate was 87.67%. Using χ² test to compare the different stages of change in health related behavior, t test was used to compare different groups of social support and using analysis of variance and post test to analyze social support of the four types behavior.In 1 052 students, there was 555 (52.8%) middle school students, 497 (47.2%) high school students, and 553 (52.6%) boys, 499 (47.4%) girls. In physical exercise and sedentary behavior, numbers of precontemplation was respectively accounting for 42.2% (444/1 200) and 28.4% (299/1 200). In high-fat diet behavior, the stages of preparation and maintain was occupied 46.7% (492/1 200). In fruit and vegetable intake behavior, there was 32.9% (346/1200) students in contemplation. Numbers in action stage was both less in the above four behavior, accounting for 6.2% (65/1 200), 8.9% (94/1 200), 14.0% (147/1 200) and 6.3% (66/1 200) separately. Adolescent peer support score respectively (2.9 ± 0.7), (2.8 ± 0.8) and (2.9 ± 0.9), which was higher than the family support scores ((2.7 ± 1.1), (2.5 ± 1.2) and (2.9 ± 1.2)) (t values were -8.72, -11.22 and -2.59, respectively. All P values were0.001) in physical exercise, sedentary behavior and high fat diet, but in the intake of fruits and vegetables behavior, family support score was higher than peer support (score was respectively (3.3 ± 0.9) and (3.5 ± 1.2); t9.97, P0.001). ANOVA and post hoc comparison showed that the score of family and peer support in the after-action stage was significantly higher than that the before-action stage in physical exercise, high-fat diet and fruit and vegetable intake behavior, while the differences in sedentary behavior was not significant.Youth health-related behaviors remained in its infancy, there was a certain impact on its stages which showed that the higher social support the more advanced stages of behavior.

Here, we explore the new application of an old molecule. We find that the tetraphenylethene-indolium molecule (TPE-indo) can both image the mitochondria (in the aggregated state), and indicate mitochondrial activity by the fluorescence change of TPE-indo. TPE-indo shows good photostability, longer emission wavelength, targeting effect for mitochondria, and better response to the changes of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm).

To learn the dietary fat intake behavior status and influencing psychological factors in teenagers.According to the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, students were recruited from middle and high schools in Hangzhou, Wuhan and Xi'an from March to May, 2012. Chinese version of adolescent dietary fat intake behavior of psychological measurement scales was utilized in field investigations with 3 448 effective questionnaires. Under the transtheoretical model, the status quo of teenagers fat intake behavior was analyzed and it shows the relationship between stages and psychological variables, including strategy of change, decision balance and self-efficacy.In the 3 448 participants, the proportion of girls were 52.4% (1 806/3 448) and boys were 47.6% (1 642/3 448), while the mean age was (14.85 ± 1.46). There are significant differences among distributed stages of behavior change, grouped by gender, grade and region (χ(2) values were 33.59, 20.53, 27.92, P0.001). In different gender groups, the number of boys in precontemplation came to the first and accounted for 24.2% (438/1 806), and the number of girls were more in contemplation and preparation stage, which accounted for 49.5% (813/1 642), and it was the least both in the action stage with the ratio 12.1% (218/1 806) and 14.7% (241/1 642) respectively; in different grade groups, the numbers of student in middle school and high school were the largest in contemplation and precontemplation stage, accounted for 24.9% (494/1 986) and 23.4% (343/1 462); and among different regions, the proportion in precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stage was not a few, and this ratio in Hangzhou, Wuhan, Xi'an area was 70.6% (801/1 135), 61.7% (649/1 052) and 68.8% (867/1 261), respectively. The number in action stage was the least of all, which were 144, 147, 168, respectively. Ordinal logistic mode showed that the four variables, including the scores of process of change, decision balance (pros), decision balance (cons) and self-efficacy, were factors which significantly affected the stages of behavior change, which showed a significant difference (F values were 155.12, 19.86, 44.59, 94.27, P0.001) in different stages. From precontemplation stage to action stage, the score of the process of change, decision balance (pros) and self-efficacy showed an upward trend, and achieved the highest score in the action stage (from 32.6 ± 12.8, 8.4 ± 2.9, 19.7 ± 6.9 to 48.4 ± 12.6, 10.1 ± 2.5, 25.9 ± 6.9, respectively); contrarily, the decision balance (cons) decreased with the development of behavioral stage (from 14.7 ± 4.4 to 12.2 ± 3.9). Post hoc comparison also found that the score of process of change, decision balance (pros) and self-efficacy after action stages were higher than those before action, while the score of decisional balance (cons) in the precontemplation stage was higher than that in the other 4 stages.Fat intake behavior in teenagers showed different stages, whose psychological factors had significant influences, with decision balance (pros) hindered the progress of stages of behavior change, while other three factors played a positive role.

Background: Appropriate healthcare technologies (AHTs) are an important strategy for improving the availability and accessibility of healthcare services. It is not clear what impact AHTs have on health workers and consumers; and whether those AHTs can continue in place without special or ongoing financial support. This study investigated the attitudes of health workers and consumers towards AHTs. Methods: Health facilities from five counties in Zhejiang were surveyed. Participants of the study included all health workers who were involved in the delivery of AHTs in the selected organizations and a group of randomly selected patients who sought services from the participating organizations. A total of 822 questionnaires from health workers and 693 questionnaires from patients were collected for data analyses. The questionnaires measured perceptions and attitudes of respondents towards AHTs using a Likert scale. Results: The respondents delivering public health services rated the highest scores to AHTs (4.42±0.7), followed by those engaged in management of chronic conditions (4.41±0.57) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (4.29±0.55). Around 90 % of health workers believed that AHTs were meaningful for rural patients; however, only 69 % of health workers believed that the technologies encouraged by the government were sufficiently developed or “mature” ,a nd more than 24 % acknowledged difficulties in using those technologies. Overall, patients were satisfied with AHTs, with 71.6 % feeling “very satisfied” or “satisfied”, 24.2 % feeling “acceptable” and 1.6 % feeling “dissatisfied” .M ost (83 %) patients were satisfied or very satisfied with Traditional Chinese Medicine, compared with management of chronic conditions (80 %), family planning (67 %), public health services (64 %), and finally with maternal and child health care (59 %). Conclusions: Local acceptability should be taken into consideration in determination of AHTs; consumer health literacy needs improvement, particularly in relation to public health and preventive services.

To develop a suitable fat intake behavior of psychological measurement scales for the Chinese adolescents and evaluate its validity and reliability.According to the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling principle, a total of 3 600 junior students were recruited from the classes in 12 selected high schools in Hangzhou, Wuhan and Xi'an from March to May, 2012. Based on introducing and translating the original scale abroad, Chinese version of adolescent fat intake behavior of psychological measurement scales was utilized in field investigations. The reliability was assessed, using Cronbach's α and split-half reliability; while exploratory factor analysis used to test its validity, with entries-dimension correlation coefficient (IIC), correlation coefficient between the scores and the dimension, and the dimension of correlation coefficient test content validity.The valid subject of the study was 3 448(of whom males were 52.4% (1 806/3 448) and female were 47.6% (1 642/3 448)), while the mean age was (14.85 ± 1.46) years old. The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) for total scale score and four domains were 0.922,0.933, 0.660, 0.773 and 0.869 respectively, whose split-efficacy reliability were separately 0.927, 0.933, 0.790, 0.624 and 0.889. Data from the exploratory factor analysis revealed the following dimensions:the entries were all inclusive, with the cumulative contribution rate at 59.453%, 56.062% and 52.668%, respectively. The results of IIC showed that in the four dimensions, the contained entries between Spearman correlation coefficient have statistically significant, with the r value range of 0.584-0.793, 0.665-0.818, 0.654-0.765 and 0.622-0.747 severely, while other dimensions from weak to moderate relationships, the r value ranged from -0.028 to 0.614.The reliability and validity of the adolescent fat intake behavior of psychological measurement scales (Chinese version) were good, and could be used to measure the fat intake behavior of psychological conditions in Chinese adolescents.

To study the situation of sports and its influencing factors among students in order to improve health related education and promotion programs.A multistage random sampling method was used on 3 600 students from three cities to understand their physical exercise behavior. Both t and χ(2) test were used to measure the scale of psychology and to describe the time spent on exercise. Single variance factor was used to measure the levels of change on behavior of physical activities, psychological and physical exercise behaviors.The weekly exercise time for students was 2.66 ± 1.801 days, with 81.4% of the students less than four days. Data showed that 37.3%, 23.6%, 20.5% of the high school students were in pre-contemplation stage, in contemplation stage, or in preparation stage respectively, with only 18.6 percent of the high school students in the action phase and maintaining phase. Students in the stages of change increase the amount of physical exercises. Scores with statistically significant differences were seen in the following areas: between five stages of behavior change on strategies (F = 77.442, P0.001), forward effects on the balance of decision-making (F = 29.498, P0.001), having negative effects (F = 14.784, P0.001)and self-efficacy (F = 135.544, P0.001). Changing strategy on the intention stage of front maintenance phase, positive effects on decision-making balance and self-efficacy scores were increasing along with the increasing stages of changing. The effect of balancing the negative effects increased when the change of phase decreased.Students were in lack of physical exercise per week. The differences related to the behavior on physical exercise did exist but most of the high school students were in the primary stage. Psychological factors played important role in the different stages of changing, suggesting that high school students should receive different health education and psychological intervention measures to enhance the effectiveness of physical exercise.

Objectives Peripheral leucocyte telomere length has been suggested to be inversely associated with hypertension risk. Both telomere length and hypertension risk can be modified by certain dietary factors, such as fruit and vegetables. This study was to examine the potential effect of these dietary factors on the association between telomere length and hypertension risk. Study design A community-based case–control study. Participants 271 hypertensive patients and 455 normotensive controls aged 40–70 years and living in Yinzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Outcome measures Peripheral leucocyte relative telomere length (RTL) was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Dietary intake was assessed by a brief semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between RTL and hypertension risk was analysed using logistic regression, and the modulatory effect of dietary intake on RTL-related hypertension risk was analysed using likelihood ratio tests. Results Among controls, longer age-adjusted RTL was associated with higher vegetable intake (p=0.01). Individuals with longer age-adjusted RTL (based on median value) were 30% less likely to have hypertension (OR=0.70, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.96; p=0.03). The observed RTL-hypertension relationship appeared to be modified by vegetable intake—longer RTL was significantly associated with lower hypertension risk only in those with greater vegetable consumption (OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.57; p

A new selective and sensitive fluorescence turn-on detection of CN(-) is reported by taking advantage of aggregation induced-emission (AIE) behavior of tetraphenylethylene units and the nucleophilic attack of CN(-) on the indolium group in compound 1.