Search

Single-sideband (SSB) signaling is a promising technology for short and medium reach optical transmission. We propose a novel architecture of linear network-assisted long short-term memory network (LN-LSTM) to mitigate optical transmission impairments in SSB systems. With a combination of a linear network and an input-pruned LSTM network, LN-LSTM achieves better performance and lower computation complexity compared with conventional LSTM equalization. With LN-LSTM, we achieve 6.4 Tb/s ( $32\times 200$ Gb/s) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) SSB transmission over 320km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) with a bit error rate (BER) below the 20% soft-decision forward error-correction (SD-FEC) threshold of $2.4\times 10^{-2}$ .

The fleshy fruits of Camellia oleifera Abel are the immature fruits of C. oleifera, which are infected by Exobasidium vexans Massee and then turn to be intumescent and hollowed. They contain rich t...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most serious end-stage renal disease which characterized by renal glomerular sclerosis including glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, mesangial expansion and renal fibrosis. TGF-β/Smads signal pathway plays a crucial role in the development of renal fibrosis. In this study, we found that GdCl3 which was an agonist of Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) could repress the activation of TGF-β/Smads signal pathway induced by TGF-β1 or high glucose and then alleviated the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in mesangial cells and the kidney of type1 diabetic rats. Further study indicated that GdCl3 could induce the binding of CaSR and TβR II and then both of these two receptors translocated from cell membrane to cytoplasm, in this case, TβR II on the cell membrane was decreased and then desensitized to the stimulation of its ligand TGF-β1, so that the activation of its downstream factors such as Smad2 and Smad3 were blocked, finally, ECM expression in mesangial cells were inhibited. We concluded that GdCl3 could alleviate the accumulation of ECM in mesangial cells via antagonizing TGF-β/Smads signal pathway in diabetes mellitus. ispartof: Journal of Pharmacological Sciences vol:142 issue:2 pages:41-49 ispartof: location:Japan status: published

Fiber Kerr nonlinearity is a fundamental limitation to the achievable capacity of long-distance optical fiber communication. Digital back-propagation (DBP) is a primary methodology to mitigate both linear and nonlinear impairments by solving the inverse-propagating nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE), which requires detailed link information. Recently, the paradigms based on neural network (NN) were proposed to mitigate nonlinear transmission impairments in optical communication systems. However, almost all neural network-based equalization schemes yield high computation complexity, which prevents the practical implementation in commercial transmission systems. In this paper, we propose a center-oriented long short-term memory network (Co-LSTM) incorporating a simplified mode with a recycling mechanism in the equalization operation, which can mitigate fiber nonlinearity in coherent optical communication systems with ultralow complexity. To validate the proposed methodology, we carry out an experiment of ten-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission with 64 Gbaud polarization-division-multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) signals. Co-LSTM and DBP achieve a comparable performance of nonlinear mitigation. However, the complexity of Co-LSTM with a simplified mode is almost independent of the transmission distance, which is much lower than that of the DBP. The proposed Co-LSTM methodology presents an attractive approach for low complexity nonlinearity mitigation with neural networks.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Although a number of homeobox (HOX) genes are known to serve an important role in breast cancer, the role of HOXD8 in breast cancer remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of HOXD8 in the physiological behaviors of breast cancer cells. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database was used to analyze the expression of HOXD8 in patients with breast cancer and in healthy subjects. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of HOXD8 in several breast cancer cell lines; subsequently, HOXD8 expression was knocked down and overexpressed in MCF-7 cells. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effects of HOXD8 on breast cancer cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to identify the binding sites between HOXD8 and inhibitor of apoptosis-like protein-2 (ILP2). In addition, ILP2 expression levels were knocked down in MCF-7 cells. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of HOXD8 were significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and that the overexpression of HOXD8 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of cancer cells. HOXD8 was shown to bind to the ILP2 promoter to regulate the expression of ILP2. Furthermore, ILP2 knockdown reversed the effects of HOXD8 knockdown on breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that HOXD8 may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by downregulating ILP2 expression.

We demonstrate pilot symbol-free iterative optical field reconstruction based on modified Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm for power fading mitigation in IM-DD links. 45Gbaud PAM-4 is experimentally transmitted over 20km SSMF without dispersion compensation.

We experimentally demonstrate nonlinear frequency division multiplexing WDM transmission over 640km SSMF with a record data capacity of 6.4Tb/s by employing the continuous nonlinear spectrum and neural network-based equalization in nonlinear frequency domain.

90Gbaud Nyquist PAM-6/4 are experimentally transmitted over 10/20km SSMF with direct detection at C-band. Bandwidth limitation is compensated by 2-tap pre-equalization, and dispersion-induced power fading is overcome by introducing differential time skew.

We experimentally demonstrate 1/2-bit delta-sigma modulation and transmission in a 40Gbaud QPSK/16-QAM coherent system. After 24km SSMF transmission, up to 2.5Gbaud 4194304-QAM Nyquist signal is successfully transmitted at 71.5dB SNR.

We experimentally demonstrate a 240Gbaud SSB OOK transmitter with 120GSa/s DAC and achieve a BER below 20% HD-FEC threshold. The sub-sampling rate is 0.5 by applying PR narrowing and a digital anti-aliasing brick-wall filter.

The fleshy fruits of

With 120GSa/s DAC, up to 205Gbaud OOK signal is generated and transmitted over 500m SSMF below 20% HD-FEC threshold of 1.5×10-2. Sub-sampling rate of 0.585 is achieved by partial response narrowing and digital anti-aliasing filter.

Power-fading impairment induced by fiber dispersion and photodiode detection imposes a fundamental limitation on the intensity-modulation direct-detection (IM-DD) transmission systems. In this work, we propose a cost-effective pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) signal transmission scheme with power-fading mitigation enabled by Alamouti coding and dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DDMZM). By interleaving the symbol blocks in the time domain for upper- and lower-arm of the DDMZM, flat end-to-end frequency response can be obtained without spectral nulls after combining the photocurrents at odd and even time slots. For single channel demonstration, we experimentally transmit up to 160Gb/s PAM-4, 140Gb/s PAM-6, and 108Gb/s PAM-8 signals over 80 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) with bit-error rates (BERs) below the 20% soft-decision forward error correction (SD-FEC) threshold of 2.0×10−2. For wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission, 8λ×150Gb/s PAM-4 signals spacing at 100 GHz can also achieve 80 km reach. Moreover, we compare the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) sensitivity with single sideband (SSB) scheme and evaluate the tolerance of bias deviation in numerical simulation. The proposed Alamouti coding-based scheme provides a hardware-efficient and dispersion-tolerant candidate for high-speed inter-data center interconnect (DCI) applications.

High-performance thin film lithium niobate (LN) electro-optic modulators with low cost are in demand. Based on photolithography and wet etching, we experimentally demonstrate a thin film LN Mach–Zehnder modulator with a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 110 GHz, which shows the potential of boosting the throughput and reducing cost. The fabricated modulator also exhibits a comparable low half-wave voltage-length product of ∼2.37 V·cm, a high extinction ratio of >23 dB, and the propagation loss of optical waveguides of ∼0.2 dB/cm. Besides, six-level pulse amplitude modulation up to 250 Gb/s is successfully achieved.

Ultra-high baud rate signal generation and detection is of great importance for future intra-data-center interconnect (intra-DCI). In this work, based on a single digital-to-analog convertor (DAC) with 120GSa/s sampling rate, we experimentally demonstrate sub-sampling generation of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signals by using high-order partial response narrowing (HPRN) scheme. High-order partial response is utilized to concentrate most of the signal energy into the Nyquist region of DAC sampling rate. A digital brick-wall filter is then employed to avoid spectral overlap by removing the out-of-band components in the frequency domain. The manually induced inter-symbol interference (ISI) can be eliminated by maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) at the receiver. In the experiment, 210Gbaud on-off keying (OOK) signal can be successfully generated and transmitted over 500m standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) with bit-error rate (BER) below the 20% hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 1.5×10−2, achieving sub-sampling rate of 0.571. For high-order modulation formats, 217.5Gb/s (145Gbaud) PAM-3 BTB generation and 256Gb/s (128Gbaud) PAM-4 500m transmission are also realized, respectively. Furthermore, for coherent detection systems, 160Gbaud quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal generation is demonstrated by applying HPRN on the in-phase and quadrature components separately, and using carrier phase recovery including pilot symbol group-based coarse estimation and shaped constellation-based blind phase search (BPS) algorithm. The results reveal that the HPRN scheme can extend the usage of DAC at the expense of higher optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for 200G high-speed optical links and beyond.

Intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) has been served as a low-cost technology of data center optical interconnects. To achieve higher data rate, high-order partial response (PR) signaling is utilized to narrow the signal bandwidth below the Nyquist frequency of digital-to-analog converter (DAC) sampling rate. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate ultra-high speed optical interconnects based on a conventional silicon photonic traveling-wave Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) with a 3-dB bandwidth of 28.5 GHz. By applying PR narrowing and digital anti-aliasing brick-wall filter that serves to avoid spectral overlap, up to 190Gbaud OOK signal is generated using a 120GSa/s DAC with a sampling ratio as low as 0.63. Furthermore, a 180Gbaud OOK signal is generated and transmitted over 500 m standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) below 20% hard-decision forward error-correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 1.5 × 10−2.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most serious end-stage renal disease which characterized by renal glomerular sclerosis including glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, mesangial expansion and renal fibrosis. TGF-β/Smads signal pathway plays a crucial role in the development of renal fibrosis. In this study, we found that GdCl

Inhibitor of apoptosis protein-like protein-2 (ILP-2) has only been detected in the testis and in lymphoblastoid cells. Although previous studies have not reported the presence of ILP-2 in breast cancer tissues, this study indicates the presence of ILP-2 in breast cancer serum samples. To validate whether ILP-2 is a novel serological biomarker for breast cancer, we conducted two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis on 400 breast cancer serum samples and 40 non-cancer serum samples (i.e., healthy controls). We then performed a Western blot analysis of 10 breast cancer serum samples and 10 non-cancer serum samples. Finally, we analyzed 35 serum samples from healthy controls or subjects with breast cancer, other types of cancer, galactophore hyperplasia or breast cancer post-surgery by using 2DE and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results indicate that ILP-2 is a novel breast cancer biomarker in the peripheral blood.