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Objective: To explore the situation of patients and the compare the effect between two methods, which are preserving spontaneous breathing without intubation and endotracheal intubation with one lung ventilation in the single-hole thoracoscopic bulla suture. Method: 42 patients who received single-hole thoracoscopic pulmonary bullae suture in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects, including 19 patients who underwent endotracheal intubation and one lung ventilation as the control group and 23 patients who underwent single-hole thoracoscopic pulmonary bullae suture without intubation as the study group. The relevant indexes, postoperative general conditions, complications and pneumothorax recurrence of the two groups were analyzed and observed. Results: In the control group, the scores of anesthesia time (points), resuscitation time (points), surgical visual field score (points), surgical time (points), and surgical bleeding volume (points) were 20.8 ± 4.6, 19.9 ± 7.9, 1.7 ± 0.5, 44.9 ± 7.9, and 11.4 ± 2.4 respectively. In the study group, the scores of anesthesia time (points), resuscitation time (points), surgical visual field score (points), surgical time (points), and scores of surgical bleeding (points) were 17.9 ± 4.3, 15.4 ± 3.4, 1.9 ± 0.4, 48.4 ± 7.1, 10.9 ± 2.2, respectively. There was no statistical difference in surgical visual field score, surgical time and surgical bleeding whereas there was a statistical difference between anesthesia time and resuscitation time. In the control group after operation, VAS score at 6 hours after operation, SaO2 (%) after operation, PaCO2 (mmHg) after operation, drainage volume (ML) after operation, feeding time (H) after operation, retention time of thoracic tube after operation (H), WBC (109) on the first day after operation, hospitalization time (d), and total hospitalization cost (RMB 1000) were 2.1 ± 0.7, 98.2 ± 1.4, 42.4 ± 4.9, 139.1 ± 23.1, 6.9 ± 1.6, 37.1 ± 5.4, 7.9 ± 2.1, 6.6 ± 1.3, and 2.6 ± 0.3 respectively. As for the study group, the VAS score at 6 hours after operation, SaO2 (%) after operation, PaCO2 (mmHg) after operation, drainage volume (ML) after operation, feeding time (H) after operation, retention time of thoracic tube after operation (H), WBC (109) on the first day after operation, hospitalization time (d), and total hospitalization cost (RMB 1000) were 1.9 ± 0.4, 97.9 ± 1.2, 42.8 ± 5.1, 151.8 ± 21.9, 4.3 ± 1.4, 15.3 ± 2.6, 5.2 ± 2.3, 4.2 ± 1.2, and 1.8 ± 0.4 respectively. Among them, there were no significant differences in visual analog scale (VAS) score at 6 hours after operation, SaO2 after operation and PaCO2 after operation between the two groups, but there were significant differences in other factors. The complication rate of the control group was 36.84%, which was significantly higher than that of the study group (4.35%), with statistical difference. The recurrence rate of the control group was 21.05%, which was not significantly different from that of the study group (4.35%). Conclusion: The single-hole thoracoscopic bullae suture without intubation can reduce the anesthesia time and resuscitation time of patients, reduce the hospitalization cost of patients, reduce the treatment burden, shorten the first feeding time, and reduce the complication rate of patients. Therefore, it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global public health issue with increasing prevalence. MicroRNA-934 (miR-934) is a kind of non-coding RNA involved in the regulation of diverse cancers. Though previous researches have revealed part of association between miR-934 and CRC, the role of miR-934 in CRC pathogenesis has not been completely explored yet. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of miR-934 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in CRC. Accordingly, miR-934 was found to be over-expressed in SW480 and HCT116 cells, two typical CRC cell lines. Meanwhile, miR-934 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in SW480 and HCT116 cells. It was further validated that miR-934 knockdown displayed an inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion in SW480 and HCT116 cells. Additionally, miR-934 deficiency markedly decreased VEGF expression in SW480 and HCT116 cells and suppressed capability of CRC cells to promote tube formation in vascular endothelial cells, which suggests the pro-angiogenesis role of miR-934 in vitro. Dual luciferase reporter assay further showed that miR-934 directly bound to B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2). BTG2 knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-934 silencing on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in SW480 and HCT116 cells. In summary, this study suggests that miR-934 facilitates CRC progression by targeting BTG2, and further highlights the role of miR-934 in pathogenesis of CRC.

To address the accuracy requirements of initial alignment of high-precision inertial navigation systems (INSs), gravity disturbance compensation for INSs based on a spherical harmonic model is investigated herein. First, the horizontal component of gravity disturbance at an alignment point is calculated using the high-resolution Earth Gravity Model EIGEN-6C4 and then compensated to the initial alignment. Subsequently, the self-alignment algorithm of solidified coordinate frame is used to derive the misalignment angle equation of gravity disturbance affecting the initial alignment. Meanwhile, the coupling relationship between the measurement error of an inertial unit and the gravity disturbance is simulated and analyzed. Finally, a laser strapdown inertial navigation system experiment is performed. The simulation result shows that the pitch angle, roll angle, and heading angle errors reduced by $27.41^{\prime \prime }$ , $- 0.37^{\prime \prime }$ , and $6.72^{\prime \prime }$ , respectively, after the gravity disturbance compensation. Experiment result shows that the alignment performance after compensation has been improved and the heading angle error is reduced by $6.76^{\prime \prime }$ . The simulations and experiments results validate the theoretical analysis.

Recently, great effort has been made to improve the activity and stability, as well as increase the utilization efficiency of noble metal-based electrocatalysts. Herein, a dealloyed PtPd-based nanoparticle (PtPd-x/C, x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10), with a small amount of Fe inside, is obtained by etching a high-Fe-content PtPdFe nanoparticle precursor. The final PtPd-x/C having a large amount of PtPd exposed on the surface can effectively increase the utilization efficiency of the mass-based unit precious-metal to facilitate glycerol electrooxidation. Attractively, the optimal PtPd-6/C not only exhibits higher electrochemically active surface area (113.33 cm2 mgPtPd−1), oxidation peak current (0.86 A mgPtPd−1) and stability (0.48 A mgPtPd−1 after 3000 s and 5.8% current decreases after 400 cycles), but also shows excellent CO tolerance compared to others. This work demonstrates that the design of a multi-component noble metal composite is a feasible way to obtain some efficient electrocatalysts.

Lithium (Li) isotopes are a tracer of silicate weathering processes, but how they react to different components of organic and plant-assisted weathering is poorly known. To examine the effect of organic acids compared to a strong mineral acid (HCl) on Li isotope behaviour, basalt-water weathering experiments were amended with different organic acids (glycine, malic acid, cinnamic acid, and humic acid; 0.01 M). The presence of the different acids significantly affects the behaviour of dissolved elemental concentrations (such as Mg, Fe, and Al), both by increasing primary rock dissolution and hindering rates of secondary mineral formation. However, the behaviour of Li isotopes appears unaffected, with all experiments following an almost identical trend of δ7Li versus Li/Na. This observation was consistent with a single fractionation factor during the uptake of Li into secondary minerals, yet both calculated saturation states and leaching experiments on the reacted solids indicated that Li was removed into multiple phases, suggesting that the bulk combined fractionation factor barely varied. Of the Li lost from solution in the organic experiments, we estimated that on average 76% went into neoformed clays, 16% into oxides/oxyhydroxides, and 10% into the exchangeable fraction. The fractionations observed for each phase were Δ7Liexch-soln = −12.7 ± 1.7‰, Δ7Liox-soln = −26.7 ± 0.4‰, and Δ7Liclay-soln = −21.6 ± 3.3‰. These fractionations were identical, within error, to those from experiments with organic-free water, implying that the Li isotope behaviour was unaffected by the presence of organic acids in the weathering reaction. This result has interesting consequences for the interpretation of Li isotopes in terms of plant-assisted weathering and the geological record of terrestrialisation. In particular, it appears to imply that seawater Li isotope records can be expected to resolve the integrated effect of plants on weathering fluxes or weathering congruence, rather than being sensitive to specific organic-mediated weathering mechanisms.

Based on fractal theory, a regular fractal is used to construct symmetrical reef models (e.g., cube and triangle reef models) with different fractal levels (n = 1, 2, 3). Using the concept of fractal dimension, we can better understand the spatial effectiveness of artificial reefs. The void space complexity index is defined to quantify the complexity of the internal spatial distribution of artificial reefs models under different levels. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow simulation approach was used to investigate the effects of void space complexity on the flow field performances of the symmetrical artificial reef models. The upwelling convection index (Hupwelling/HAR, Vupwelling/VAR), wake recirculating index (Lwake/LAR, Vwake/VAR) and non-dimensionalized velocity ratio range were used to evaluate the efficiency of the flow field effect inside or around artificial reefs. The surface area and spatial complexity index of artificial reefs increase with increasing fractal level. The numerical simulation data shows that the Menger-type artificial reef models with a higher spatial complexity index have better flow field performances in the upwelling and wake regions. Compared to the traditional artificial reef models, the upwelling convection index (Vupwelling/VAR) and recirculating index (Vwake/VAR) of n = 3 fractal cube artificial reef increase by 37.5% and 46.8%, respectively. The efficiency indices of the upwelling region and wake region around the fractal triangle artificial reef model are 2–3 times those of the fractal cube artificial reef model when the fractal level is 3.

Currently, designing and preparing low-cost and high-efficiency electrocatalysts still remains of huge impediment for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). In this work, by leveraging the unique superiority of Co3[Co(CN)6]2 (Prussian blue analogues, PBA) precursor, we used Pt4+ to replace partial dispersed Co2+ in Co3[Co(CN)6]2 and a metal–organic framework (MOF) derived PtCo electrocatalyst (MD-PtCo/C) was successfully fabricated. Notably, as-obtained MD-PtCo/C (Pt, 0.9532 wt.%) electrocatalyst achieves high utilization rate of ultra-low Pt load and exhibits favorable electrocatalytic performance with lower onset potential, higher EOR activity, less activation energy (Ea) value and better stability compared to commercial Pt/C for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). Moreover, the consequence of concentrations (KOH, C2H5OH) and temperatures on electrocatalytic activity of EOR have also been studied. This study would be supportive of developing highly active and low-cost electrocatalysts for other catalytic applications.

The development of efficient electrocatalyst is very important for hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). Here, a series of phosphatized pseudo-core-shell electrocatalysts (Fe@Cu-P/C) is prepared by replacement method and phosphatized calcination process. The optimal HzOR electrocatalyst is explored by studying different phosphatized temperatures. The 300 °C-treated Fe@Cu-P/C presents higher electrocatalytic activity (45 mA·mg−1FeCu) and shows better stability (93.5%) compared to others. Additionally, to better understand the HzOR process, the effects of different concentrations, scan rates and temperatures are also investigated. The good HzOR performance of Fe@Cu-P/C electrocatalyst attributes to its combined advantages of Cu-P shell and Fe-core as well as strong synergistic interaction between them.

The search for non-precious-metal catalysts with low cost, high activity and stability to substitute Pt in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) attracts tremendous attention. Herein, novel ORR electrocatalysts of cerium species embedded N-doped carbon (CENC) materials are prepared by the chemical oxidative polymerization and pyrolysis methods, using polyaniline-coated cerium organic complex (Ce(TTA)3Phen) as the precursor. The experimental results have revealed that the electrocatalytic activity of the obtained electrocatalysts for ORR is affected by the pyrolysis temperature. Remarkably, the as-prepared CENC-1000 exhibits a good catalytic activity in terms of limiting current density, onset potential and half wave potential, as well as superior tolerance to methanol crossover for ORR as comparable to commercial Pt/C in alkaline media. The high performance is attributed to the introduction of nitrogen active sites and Ce active species (generated from the pyrolysis of CENC precursor), which endow CENC-1000 with enhanced electrocatalytic activity. This approach makes CENC-1000 a promising candidate as cathode catalyst in renewable energy conversion devices.

An amorphous ultra-dispersed electrocatalyst, AU-Pt/PMC, is successfully synthesized via severe etching process for glycerol oxidation reaction. What's appealing, it presents amorphous structure with ultra-small Pt clusters (0.36 nm) anchoring on nitrogen functionalized carbon support. Notably, the AU-Pt/PMC electrocatalyst takes on 5.1 times the activity and 24.3 times the stability compared with commercial Pt/C for glycerol oxidation reaction. The impressive electrocatalytic performance originates from the unique amorphous ultra-dispersed structure, as well as the superimposed effect between Pt clusters and Strong Metal-Support Interactions.

Digital zenith camera system is a highly accurate positioning instrument in geodetic astronomy. It can capture 16 star images in one experiment unit in different azimuthal camera orientations and the stars in each star image should be identified using star catalogue. But the amount of calculation is very large, the efficiency of star identification is low. Now, the improvement of star identification is mainly through updating algorithm. Considering that there exist identical stars in these star images, this paper provides a new method to improve star identification. The star trace is deduced taking the earth rotation and instrument rotation into consideration. The errors of star trace are also analyzed. Then select the same stars that appear in the star images taken in the initial position and after rotating one angle. Using the identical stars instead of star catalogue and the star trace to identify the rest stars, the efficiency will get improved. The analysis of experimental data shows that there are many identical stars in these star images. The appearance of one star can be predicted according to the star trace. The star identification get improved by using the same stars in these star images. And it costs less time to identify the stars in star images, but the precision is approximately equal.

Although core-shell structure is favored by many applications, preparing it with green way is rarely been reported. Herein, a core-shell structured Cu@Pd-CS nanocomposite is greenly fabricated utilizing a natural chitosan and applied to glucose detection. As-obtained Cu@Pd-CS nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). When applied to glucose detection, the Cu@Pd-CS exhibits good stability, sensitivity and anti-interference. Moreover, it has a good linear relationship in glucose concentrations range of 0.1−1 mM with the sensitivity of 1.53 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 1−10 mM with the sensitivity of 23.00 μA mM−1 cm−2. This work proves the practicability of building metal-based core-shell structure nanoparticles with green resources and glucose detection application.

Recently, advanced nitrogen-containing carbon materials create a huge opportunity for developing efficient catalysts, and show great potential in zinc-air batteries (ZABs). In this study, YF3 doped nitrogen-containing carbon (YF3@NC) electrocatalyst is prepared using m-phenylenediamine as nitrogen and carbon sources. Yttrium chloride, ammonium fluoride and l -arginine are used as Y source, F source and assistant, respectively. Spherical YF3 precursor is obtained through a facile arginine-assisted hydrothermal method, which is then coated with nitrogen-containing carbon and pyrolyzed at high temperature to fabricate YF3@NC. It exhibits a positive onset potential (0.943 V), half-wave potential (0.836 V), high current density and good cycling stability (10 h degradation: 13%). When YF3@NC is applied as air cathode electrode in ZABs, the obtained battery has a high open circuit potential (1.478 V) and peak power density (75 mW cm−2). This approach makes YF3@NC to be a promising candidate as cathode catalyst in ZABs in the future.

The development of economical and efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst is quite important for rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a prussian blue analogue (Co3[Co(CN)6]2, PBA) derived PBA-Pd-Co/C composite electrocatalyst with good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic properties was developed via using bits of PdCl2 to modify carbonized Co3[Co(CN)6]2. The results show that as-prepared PBA-Pd-Co/C possesses good positive ORR half-wave potential (0.82 V), feasible OER potential (1.73 V) of 10 mA cm−2, minor ORR and OER Tafel slopes (53.61 and 57.07 mV dec−1), as well as high ZAB power density (138.8 mW cm−2) and good galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling stability. These good performances of PBA-Pd-Co/C are mainly ascribed to the good synergistic effect of Co and Pd nanoparticles (NPs) composited in PBA-derived nitrogen-enriched graphite carbon. This work would be supportive of expanding other low-cost and high-efficiency PBA-derived electrocatalysts in the future.

In order to reduce the position deviations between the centroid extracted from the star points and the actual centroid and reduce the influence of coarse errors contained in the astronomical information of star calculation on astronomical positioning accuracy of the digital zenith equipment, an astronomical locating method to correct star centroid location is proposed. Based on the star trajectory equation obtained from the imaging model of the starimage pointson the image plane of the zenith equipment, the center-of-mass centroid trajectory parameters are obtained by least-square method with the information of star point centroid position extracted from the multi-frame star images shot at the same observation station, which is used to identify the theoretical centroid position and correct the original centroid position, so as to participate in the astronomical positioning solution. For the simulation star map of gaussian white noise with distribution n (0, 52), after the centroid correction, the accuracy...

Seeking high activity non-noble-metal electrocatalysts is essential to develop high performance hydrazine fuel cells. In this study, an electrocatalyst of phosphorus doped nickel-cobalt alloy is fabricated for hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). A series of physical and electrochemistry results show that, among as-prepared four electrocatalysts, the NiCoP/C has the lowest Tafel slope, the highest current density, the longest durability and relative low apparent activation energy for HzOR. Moreover, the influences of KOH and N2H4 concentrations, scanning speeds as well as the temperatures as to NiCoP/C electrocatalyst towards HzOR are also investigated. Besides, electrochemical impedance test exhibits as-obtained NiCoP/C owes good charge transfer kinetics. This work would stimulate more study to explore P doped non-noble metal electrocatalyst in the future.

The aim of the present study was to detect the expression of human mammaglobin (hMAM) mRNA in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with breast cancer and determine the relationship between micrometastasis and clinicopathological parameters as well as selected molecular markers and breast cancer prognosis. The expression of hMAM mRNA in the BM of patients with breast cancer was determined by RT-PCR. The expression of ER, PR and Cath-D in cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. A positive expression rate for hMAM of 38.2% in 102 patients with stage I-III breast cancer was found. The expression of hMAM was higher in patients with T(2-3) (2 cm) tumors than in those with T(1) tumors (≤2 cm) (χ(2)=19.20, P=0.001) and in patients with stage II or III tumors than in patients with stage I tumors (χ(2)=15.101, P=0.001). The expression of hMAM in the BM of breast cancer patients categorized as grade 1 was lower than that in those of grade 2 or 3 (χ(2)=8.522, P=0.014), and hMAM expression was related to the pathological type of tumor (χ(2)=6.892, P=0.032) and the degree of axillary lymph node metastasis (χ(2)=14.050, P=0.001). The expression of hMAM in BM was much higher in patients with ER(-) or ER(+) tumors than in those with ER(++ or +++) (χ(2)=11.800, P=0.003), and those with PR (χ(2)=8.759, P=0.013). hMAM expression in BM was also significantly positively correlated with Cath-D expression (χ(2)=6.623, P=0.036). However, no correlation was found between hMAM expression and patient age (χ(2)=1.056, P=0.304). There was a strong correlation between patients with positive expression of hMAM in the BM and the presence of distant metastases (P=0.009). In conclusion, micrometastasis in the BM correlates with certain clinical pathological parameters and several tumor markers. Patients with positive expression of hMAM in the BM have a greater chance of distant metastasis and poor prognosis. The detection of micrometastasis may be one of the most advantageous markers for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.

To discuss the relationship between shorter incision and less radiation time in mini-invasive transforaminal lumbar interbodyfusion (TLIF).Retrospective analyses were performed for the data of 17 cases of single-level lumbar vertebral disc herniation with mini-invasive TLIF. And 10 of them had instability. According to incision length, they were divided into 2 groups of routine mini-invasive TLIF (3 cm incision) and longer incision mini-invasive TLIF (4 cm incision). The relevant data included operative duration, blood loss volume, postoperative ambulation time, intraoperative radiological exposure time and complications. Visual analog scales (for pain) were also administered preoperatively and postoperatively.The follow-up period was 6-24 months. The mean operative duration was 212 min in routine mini-invasive TLIF group; the mean operative duration 150 min in longer incision mini-invasive TLIF group; mean blood loss volume 100 ml in routine group versus 200 ml in longer group. The radiation time was 27-38 seconds in routine mini-invasive TLIF group versus 8-11 seconds in longer incision mini-invasive TLIF group. No significant inter-group differences existed in ambulation time and VAS score. One case with pedical screw planted into spine canal complained of muscle weakness of low extremity in routine mini-invasive TLIF group. And muscle weakness disappeared upon a replacement of pedical screw.Both shorter and percutaneous incisions may achieve mini-invasiveness during TLIF. And extended incision offers equivalent clinical efficacies and minimizes radiation time.

Since video products compressed by H.264/AVC become increasing popular, issues of authentication for H.264/AVC-based video will be very important. In this paper, a content-based authentication semi-fragile watermarking scheme for H.264/AVC video is proposed. The content-based authentication code is generated using the invariance of the relation between DCT DC coefficients of the two 4×4 sub-blocks. The authentication code is then embedded into the DCT coefficients in diagonal positions in I frames. Spatial tampering can be located by comparing the extracted watermarking and the content-based authentication code. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can distinguish the malicious spatial tampering from the common signal processing. The tampered areas can also be located.

This Chapter presents an XMPP-based solution for accessing a server of which the IP is dynamic or private. Two XMPP clients, one that stays with the server together inside the Intranet and another one is on Internet with the client that is required to access the server, retrieve and provide the IP address of the server, so that the client side can initiate a TCP communication channel using the server IP as target address. This solution also supports the server has not public IP, or creating VPN-like channel.

It is important to draw real-time data with the upper computer in virtual instrument developing. The requirement of real-time performance cannot be satisfied by using third-part drawing control directly. This paper proposes an algorithm with segmenting the data and sampling to improve the performance of redrawing. In the mean while, the shape of the curve is undistorted, and the part of the curve showed keeps stable, not vibrate when new data comes. The algorithm has been applied in the development of an electrochemical workstation with adequate performance and display effect.

Objective: Up to 25% of patients experience subtle declines in post-operative neurocognitive function following, otherwise uncomplicated, carotid endarterectomy (CEA). We sought to determine if post-CEA neurocognitive deficits are associated with cerebral blood flow (CBF) abnormalities on post-operative MR perfusion brain scans. Methods: We enrolled 22 CEA patients to undergo a battery of neuropsychometric tests pre-operatively and on post-operative day 1 (POD 1). Neurocognitive dysfunction was defined as a two standard deviation decline in performance in comparison to a similarly aged control group of lumbar laminectomy patients. All patients received MR perfusion brain scans on POD 1 that were analysed for asymmetries in CBF distribution. One patient experienced a transient ischemic attack within 24 hours before the procedure and was excluded from our analysis. Results: Twenty-nine percent of CEA patients demonstrated neurocognitive dysfunction on POD 1. One hundred percent of those patients with cognitive deficits demonstrated CBF asymmetry, in contrast to only 27% of those patients without cognitive impairment. Post-CEA cognitive dysfunction was significantly associated with CBF abnormalities (RR=3.75, 95% CI: 1.62-8.67, p=0.004). Conclusion: Post-CEA neurocognitive dysfunction is significantly associated with post-operative CBF asymmetry. These results support the hypothesis that post-CEA cognitive impairment is caused by cerebral hemodynamic changes. Further work exploring the relationship between CBF and post-CEA cognitive dysfunction is needed.

To investigate the effect of cervical spine instability on sympathetic cervical spondylosis.Twelve patients with cervical spondylosis showing sympathetic symptoms from 1992 to 2 000 were evaluated for cervical spine instability, immobilization of collar brace, MRI and surgical results.Radiologic evaluation cervical instability was observed radiologically in 7 of the 12 cases. Collar brace was obviously effective in 5 of the 12 cases and slightly effective in 7 cases. MRI showed abnormal signal for instability of the cervical spine in 7 cases. Surgery was markedly effective in 7 cases and moderately effective in 4 cases.Cervical spine instability was an important factor for sympathetic cervical spondylosis, which can be improved effectively by surgery.