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The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium on the production performance, egg quality, serum biochemical indexes, immune indexes, and intestinal microbes of laying hens. A total of four hundred .38-week-old Hyline Brown laying hens were randomly divided into four groups, with five replicates per group and 20 hens per replicate. Group 1 (control group) were fed with a basic diet. Group 2 received a basic diet supplemented with 200 g/t of Bacillus subtilis. Group 3 received a basic diet supplemented with 200 g/t of Enterococcus faecium. Group 4 received a basic diet supplemented with a composite probiotic consisting of 100 g/t of Bacillus subtilis and 100 g/t of Enterococcus faecium. The experimental period lasted for 56 days. The results showed that compared to the control group, the egg production rate of all the experimental groups increased (P<0.05), and the mortality rate and feed to egg ratio decreased (P<0.05). The eggshell thickness and yolk color increased (P<0.05). The total protein and globulin levels in the serum of laying hens in all the experimental groups increased (P<0.05), and the levels of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and y -interferon in the serum all increased (P<0.05). The number of lactic acid bacteria in the cecum chyme of the laying hens increased (P<0.05), while the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella decreased (P<0.05). The study suggests that Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium can improve the production performance of laying hens, maintain intestinal health, and enhance serum biochemical and immune indexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of propofol on the proliferation and differentiation of rat embryonic neural stem cells in vitro., Methods: Embryonic neural stem cells of fetal Wistar rats (gestational age of 14-16 days) in primary culture, after identification for nestin expression, were divided into control group, introlipid group, and propofol groups (treated with propofol at the doses of 5, 25, 50, and 100 µmol/L). The changes in the proliferation of the embryonic neural stem cells after the treatments were observed using Brdu incorporation assay. In the course of induced differentiation of the embryonic neural stem cells, 50 µmol/L propofol was added in the cells to assess its impact on the differentiation of the cells by immunohistochemical detection of NeuN and GFAP expressions., Results: More than 95% of the embryonic neural stem cells in primary culture were Nestin-positive. The percentages of Brdu-positive cells showed no significant changes after treatment with different concentrations of propofol, whereas the addition of 50 µmol/L propofol resulted in a significant increase of NeuN-positive cell percentage to (23.1∓0.9)% as compared with that of (13.4∓0.8)% in the control group (P<0.05) without affecting the GFAP-positive cells., Conclusion: Clinically relevant doses of propofol have no obvious effect on the proliferation of rat neural stem cells cultured in vitro, but can induce their differentiation into neuron-like cells.

Objective: To observe the effect of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40 injection (HSH) in treatment of acute intracranial hypertension complicated by hemorrhagic shock in dogs, and explore the mechanism of the effects of HSH., Methods: Twenty dogs were randomized into 4 equal groups, namely the 7.5% NaCl (HS) group, Ringer-Lactates solution (RL) group, hydroxyethyl strarch (HES) group, and HSH group. Canine models of acute intracranial hypertension complicated by hemorrhagic shock were established by epidural balloon inflation with saline and rapid discharge of the arterial blood. One hour after the induced shock, the dogs were given HS (6 ml/kg), RL of 3-fold volume of blood loss, HES of equivalent volume of blood loss, and HSH 8 ml/kg in the 4 groups, respectively. During the shock and resuscitationperiod, the intracranial pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) of the dogs were monitored, and the serum sodium level and plasma osmolality were measured at 30 min, 1 h and 4 h after the resuscitation., Results: All dogs had similar MAP, CPP, and ICP before resuscitation (P>0.05). After resuscitation, the MAP was significantly improved (P<0.01), but the dogs in HSH group exhibited the fastest response; with the exception of the dogs in HS group to have significantly decreased MAP 2 h after resuscitation (P<0.01), all the other dogs maintained the MAP for 4 h. The CPP was also significantly increased after resuscitation (P<0.01), and in HS group, CPP decreased significantly after 2 h (P<0.01), and HSH group maintained the high CPP after 4 h. The ICP was increased significantly in RL and HES groups after resuscitation (P<0.01), reaching the peak level at 1 and 3 h, respectively, but in HS and HSH groups, the ICP decreased significantly to the lowest level at 1 h (P<0.01) which was maintained for 4 h. After resuscitation, the plasma sodium and plasma osmolality were significantly increased in HSH and HS groups., Conclusion: In dogs with acute intracranial hypertension and hemorrhagic shock, HSH can effectively resuscitate hemorrhagic shock and decrease ICP, and the effect is longer-lasting than that of HS.