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Objective: Globally, approximately 2.2 billion people suffer from visual impairments or blindness. Dietary patterns are closely associated with the prevalence of multiple ocular diseases. This study aimed to explore the association between Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and ocular disorders. Methods: The data were derived from 1706 subjects aged 40 years and older who participated in the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which utilized undersampling techniques. Trained staff interviewed participants to gather information about their dietary habits using the 24-h diet recall method. The CDAI, incorporating six antioxidants, was then computed using a validated method. Eye diseases were diagnosed through a combination of examinations and questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, higher CDAI quartiles (Q4) were significantly associated with reduced odds of diabetic retinopathy (OR: 0.55, P = 0.041), cataracts (OR: 0.37, P < 0.001), glaucoma (OR: 0.48, P = 0.003), and macular degeneration (OR: 0.19, P < 0.001). Carotenoids showed a significant negative correlation with ocular diseases, diabetic retinopathy (OR: 0.57, P < 0.001), cataracts (OR: 0.75, P = 0.014), glaucoma (OR: 0.59, P < 0.001) and macular degeneration (OR: 0.55, P < 0.001). Compared to the lowest quartile (Q1), higher quartiles (Q4) of zinc intake were associated with lower odds of DR (OR: 0.32, P < 0.001) and glaucoma (OR: 0.73, P = 0.001). Similarly, Q4 of vitamin C intake were associated with lower odds of cataracts (OR: 0.70, P = 0.001) and glaucoma (OR: 0.71, P = 0.003) compared to the Q1. Conclusion: Higher CDAI scores are correlated with a decreased odds of ocular diseases, suggesting that an antioxidant-rich dietary pattern may be associated with better ocular health. Understanding these correlations could contribute to the development of preventive strategies and intervention measures for ocular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Prior research has underscored the importance of sphingolipid metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Our objective was to explore the associations between plasma ceramide levels and PD patients with cognitive dysfunction (PD‐CD). Methods: We enrolled two study populations from Eastern China and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), comprising 290 (100 HCs, 160 PDs, and 30 MSAs) and 429 (125 HCs and 304 PDs) participants, respectively. The plasma levels of ceramides (Cer 16:0, Cer 18:0, Cer 24:0, and Cer 24:1) were tested via HPLC–MS/MS analysis. Results: Compared with those in the HC group, the plasma levels of Cer 18:0, Cer 24:1, Cer 16:0/Cer 24:0, Cer 18:0/Cer 24:0, and Cer 24:1/Cer 24:0 were higher in both the PD and MSA groups. Significant differences in the plasma levels of Cer 16:0/Cer 24:0, Cer 18:0/Cer 24:0, and Cer 24:1/Cer 24:0 were observed among the PD‐NC (PD with normal cognition), PD‐MCI (PD with mild cognitive impairment), and PDD (PD dementia) groups, with the PDD group exhibiting the highest levels. PD patients with higher baseline levels of plasma ceramides (specifically, Cer 18:0, Cer 16:0/Cer 24:0, Cer 18:0/Cer 24:0, and Cer 24:1/Cer 24:0) demonstrated accelerated cognitive decline compared with individuals who had lower baseline plasma ceramide levels during the 5‐year follow‐up period. A biomarker panel including Cer 18:0/Cer 24:0 and Cer 24:1/Cer 24:0 could effectively differentiate PD‐CD from PD‐NC with notable diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: Our results indicate that plasma ceramide levels could potentially be used as diagnostic biomarkers for PD‐CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correction notice from BMC Medical Research Methodology addresses an error in an article on predicting COVID-19 time series using LSTM and transfer learning. The authors identified an incorrect equation and requested a change in the table heading from "Parameters" to "Models." The corrected equation was provided, and the original article has been updated. The correction was reported by multiple authors, and Springer Nature maintains neutrality regarding jurisdictional claims and affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this article is to show a representation theorem for generators of backward stochastic differential equations via Lp (p > 1) solutions in general time intervals when the generator g (t , y , z) satisfies a monotonicity condition and a polynomial growth condition in y and a Lipschitz condition in z both non-uniformly with respect to t. As its application, the corresponding converse comparison theorem for Lp (p > 1) solutions is obtained by this representation theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]