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Genus Paracercopis Schmidt Paracercopis Schmidt, 1925: 4; Lallemand, 1949: 80; Metcalf, 1961: 550; Nast, 1972: 157. Type species: Cercopis (Callitettix) seminigra Melichar, 1902: 105, pl. v, fig. 11, by original designation. Esakius Ôuchi, 1943: 498. Type species: Esakius sinensis Ôuchi, 1943: 498, by original designation. [Synonymized by Liang, 1993 (1992): 444.] Generic diagnosis. Members of Paracercopis can be distinguished from other cercopid genera by the combination of the following characters: body medium-sized, relatively robust, oval (Figs 1A–D, 5A, 5D); postclypeus centrally longitudinally sulcate (Fig. 5C); hindwing with 4 closed apical cells, Cu 1a and Cu 1b on short stalk, cross vein m-cu meeting Cu 1a well after furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b, basal half of Cu 1b strongly arched against Cu 2, fourth apical cell very long and large (Fig. 4A); hind tibiae with one lateral stout spine, and the male genitalia with the subgenital plates with basal body large and elongate, apex constricted into spinous process, basal plate present, parameres elongate with apex furcated, aedeagal shaft relatively short, broad and robust, apex without spinous processes; gonopore subapical on dorsal edge. The unique hindwing venation pattern (Cu 1a and Cu 1b on short stalk, cross vein m-cu meeting Cu 1a well after furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b), oval body shape, genital styles with stout apical processes, and short and broad aedeagal shaft [see Liang 1993 (1992)] appear to be good autapomorphies of Paracercopis that support the monophyly of the genus. Paracercopis has close affinity to the Oriental Paracercopoides Liang, 1994 in head morphology, hindwing venation, and structure of the male genitalia, but can be distinguished by the broadly sulcate postclypeus (very narrowly sulcate in Paracercopoides); hindwing with cross vein m-cu meeting Cu 1a well after furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b (Fig. 4A) [m-cu meeting Cu 1a just before furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b in the males or well before furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b in the females in Paracercopoides (Fig. 4B)] and the basal half of Cu 1b strongly arched against Cu 2 (Fig. 4A) [nearly straight and more remote from Cu 2 in Paracercopoides (Fig. 4B)]; and the minutiae of the male genitalia. This genus is also closely related to several other Oriental genera, including Eoscarta Breddin, with the sulcate postclypeus and the hind tibiae with one lateral spur, but can be separated reliably by hindwing venation and the structure of the male genitalia. Ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of Paracercopis seminigra. Antennae with scape cylindrical and short (Figs 2A, 2B); pedicel cylindrical and relatively elongate, with surface transversely imbricated (Figs 2A, 2B); flagellar base expanded and hidden in apical cavity of pedicel and visible in ventrolateral view, with surface sparsely transversely imbricated (Figs 2A, 2B). Three types of sensilla, namely basiconic sensillum, coeloconic sensillum and trichoid sensillum were found in the antennae. The basiconic and coeloconic sensilla are found on the expanded flagellar base and the trichoid sensilla are seen in the pedicel. The expanded flagellar base bears a large and distinct basiconic sensillum and 8–10 coeloconic sensilla (Figs 2A– D). The basiconic sensillum is large, peg-like and is located in a large, broad, shallow pit at the apex of the expanded flagellar base (Figs 2A–D). It is broad basally and is tapered to a blunt apex pointing along the flagellar extension, with the outer cuticular surface pitted (Figs 2C, 2D). It is about 62 μm long and 17.5 μm in width subbasally. The coeloconic sensilla are porous structures located at the upper ventrolateral area of the expanded flagelar base (Figs 2A, 2C, 2D). They are concentrated on left side of the basiconic sensillum with a diameter of 4.12–6.90 μm (Figs 2A, 2C, 2D). Six hair-like trichoid sensilla are present in a cluster near the base of the pedicel laterally (Fig. 2A). They are 56–67 μm long and are curved toward the antennal shaft (Fig. 2A). The hair bases are inserted tightly into a small cuticular socket and protrude between 30–40° from the antenna. Very similar trichoid sensilla were seen on the antenna of some other cercopid spittlebug species, for example, Euryaulax carnifex (Fabricius) from Australia, Tomaspis inca (Guérin-Méneville) from Central America and Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli) from Europe (Liang & Fletcher 2002; Liang unpublished data). The ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla in P. seminigra is similar to that found in species from the Oriental and Australian cercopid genera Sounama Distant, Aufidus Stål, Euryaulax Kirkaldy, Petyllis Kirkaldy and Tonnoiria Lallemand (Liang & Webb 2022; Liang & Fletcher 2002). Rostral sensilla of Paracercopis seminigra. The rostral tip of P. seminigra consists of 2 lateral lobes separated by dorsal stylet groove, each lateral lobe possessing two terminal fields of 8 basiconic sensilla (Fig. 2E–H): both inner and outer terminal fields each having two types of 4 basiconic sensilla, type I sensillum (b 1 in Figs 2F and 2G) being 3 in number, relatively long (ca. 20 μm in length, 4.3 μm in width basally and 0.9 μm in width apically), gradually tapered from base to apex and having longitudinally grooved surface; type II sensillum (b 2 in Figs 2F–G) being 1 in number, distinctly short (ca. 15 μm in length), relative broad and blunt (ca. 5.8 μm in width basally and 1.2 μm in width apically) and having smooth surface and several very fine pits on surface. The type I sensilla are possibly mechanosensory organs and the type II sensilla are possibly chemical sense organs. Biology. In common with most spittlebug groups, currently few biological data are available for species of Paracercopis. Here some host plant associations of several Paracercopis species are reported for the first time. P. seminigra (Melichar, 1902) was found in a species of the family Criceferae in Chongqiang, southwestern China. An unidentified Paracercopis species in Yunnan, southwestern China was found in a species of Pteridophyta. The nymphs of P. chekiangensis Ôuchi, 1943 produce conspicuous masses of cuckoo-spit on shrubs of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb (Fig. 1E). Some Paracercopis species can be attracted at light (Liang unpublished data). Distribution. Paracercopis occurs in southern and central China, from Zhejiang Province in the east through to Xizang (Tibet) in the west, in the northeastern India and northern Burma, Vietnam and Thailand (new country record)., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping, Zhang, Pei-Yi, Zhu, Xiao-Qing, Wang, Ye-Qing & Xiao, Neng-Wen, 2023, The Oriental spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) revisited, with description of one new species from Hubei, China, pp. 232-242 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on pages 237-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8058774, {"references":["Schmidt, E. (1925) Paracercopis, eine neue Cercopidengattung. Societas Entomologica, 40, 4 - 5.","Lallemand, V. (1949) Revision des Cercopinae (Hemiptera Homoptera). Premiere partie. Memoires du Musee royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 32 (2), 1 - 193, pls. i - iv.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1961) General catalogue of the Homoptera. Fasc. VII, Cercopoidea. Part 2. Cercopidae. Waverly, Baltimore, Maryland, 607 pp.","Nast, J. (1972) Palaearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera): an Annotated Check List. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa, 550 pp.","Melichar, L. (1902) Homopteren aus West-China, Persien und dem Sud-Ussuri-Gebiete gesammelt von Potanin, Berezovski, Zarudny und Jankovski. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Acaemie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 7, 76 - 146.","Ouchi, Y. (1943) Contributiones ad Congnitionem Insectorum Asiae Orientalis 12. Notes on some cercopid insects from east China. Shanghai Sizenkagaku Kenkyusyo Ibo, 13 (6), 496 - 504. [in Japanese with English summary]","Liang, A. - P. [1993 (1992)] A revision of the spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 23 (4), 443 - 452. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631292 x 00236","Liang, A. - P. (1994) Paracercopoides, a new Oriental spittlebug genus related to Paracercopis Schmidt (Insecta: Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae). Reichenbachia Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 30, 123 - 127.","Haupt, H. (1924) Die Homoptera der Tibetreise W. St ˆ tzners. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1923, 295 - 306.","Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J. (2002) Morphology of the antennal sensilla in four Australian spittlebug species (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) with implications for phylogeny. Australian Journal of Entomology, 41 (1), 39 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.2002.00266. x"]}

Liang, Ai-Ping, Zhang, Pei-Yi, Zhu, Xiao-Qing, Wang, Ye-Qing, Xiao, Neng-Wen (2023): The Oriental spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) revisited, with description of one new species from Hubei, China. Zootaxa 5306 (2): 232-242, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.4

Paracercopis unicolor Liang, Zhang & Xiao, new species (Figures 5A–C) Diagnosis. This new species can be distinguished from other known species in Paracercopis by its largest body size (the largest currently known species in Paracercopis); shining black head, pronotum and scutellum; and uniformly reddish brown forewings (Figs 5A, 5B). This new species is externally similar to P. fuscipennis (Haupt, 1924) (Fig. 5D) from China, but can be distinguished from the latter by the body distinctly much larger and more broad and the forewings reddish brown (Figs 5A, 5B). Description. Female. Body large, length (from apex of vertex to tip of forewing) 9.8–10.8 mm; oval in shape, shortly pilose, legs more strongly pilose. Coloration. Head (including face), pronotum and scutellum uniformly shining black. Compound eyes grey. Ocelli bright and pale yellowish. Antennae black, with flagellar aristae grey. Forewings reddish brown. Thorax beneath blackish. Legs fuscous to black. Abdomen black, with posterior abdominal segmental margin dark rose. Structure. Head short and broad, much narrower than pronotum, forwardly reclined; vertex transversely depressed in front of eyes, posterior disk convex; ocelli closer to each other than to eyes; postclypeus strongly inflated, moderately laterally compressed, upper three-fourths centrally, longitudinally, broadly sulcated (Fig. 5C); lateral areas with 10 transverse striae. Antennae with expanded flagellar base visible. Pronotum relatively large and broad, coarsely punctate, and faintly centrally longitudinally carinate, with basal and apical parts of central carina invisible; anterior lateral areas depressed, foveate on each side near anterior margin; anterior lateral margins arched and reflexed, anterior field strongly sloping to depressed vertex; posterior lateral margins longer than anterior lateral margins. Scutellum centrally foveate and impressed at apex (Fig. 5A). Forewings relatively broad, densely and finely punctate. Hindwings with Cu 1a and Cu 1b on short stalk, cross vein m-cu meeting Cu 1a well after furcation Cu 1a /Cu 1b, Cu 1b with basal half strongly arched against Cu2, fourth apical cell long and large. Posterior femora with one stout black-tipped spine on outer edge beyond middle and 12 black-tipped spines in two rows at apex. Male. Unknown. Host plants. Unknown. Type material examined. Holotype ♀, China: Hubei Province, Yichang, Wufeng County, Houhe National Nature Reserve, Xiaosuidao, 950 m, 15.v.2018 (E. Zhang, Y.Q. Wang, Q. Chen, D.M. Huang) (IZCAS). Paratypes. CHINA: Hubei Province: 2♀♀, Yichang, Wufeng County, Houhe National Nature Reserve, Jietou, 1163 m, 14.v.2018 (E. Zhang, Y.Q. Wang, R. H. Gong, Q. Chen, D.M. Huang); 3♀♀, Yichang, Wufeng County, Houhe National Nature Reserve, Yaowan, 1180 m, 12.v.2018 (X.Q. Zhu, R. H. Gong, D.M. Huang, Q. Chen); 2♀♀, Yichang, Wufeng County, Houhe National Nature Reserve, Shuikuwan, 1193 m, 10, 13.v.2018 (E. Zhang, Y.Q. Wang, R. H. Gong, P.Y. Zhang) (IZCAS, TNU). Other material examined (not syntypes). CHINA: 1♀, Hubei Province, Hefeng, 800–1200 m, 30.v.1989 (Wenzhen Ma) (IZCAS). Etymology. This new species is named for its uniformly reddish brown forewings (Figs 5A, 5B). Distribution. China (Hubei). Remarks. The male specimens and examination of male genitalic structures of this new species are needed., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping, Zhang, Pei-Yi, Zhu, Xiao-Qing, Wang, Ye-Qing & Xiao, Neng-Wen, 2023, The Oriental spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) revisited, with description of one new species from Hubei, China, pp. 232-242 in Zootaxa 5306 (2) on page 240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/8058774, {"references":["Haupt, H. (1924) Die Homoptera der Tibetreise W. St ˆ tzners. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1923, 295 - 306."]}

In May 2017, the Innovative Integration and Demonstration of Green and Efficient Agricultural Technology in Danjiangkou Water Conservation Area, belonging to the Cooperative Innovation Project of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, was officially launched. The aim of the cooperative project was to tackle problems in green and efficient agricultural production, planting and breeding coupling, ecological cycling, non-point source pollution control, and multi-functional rural ecosystem construction. In accordance with the ideas of single technology standardization, composite technology integration, and systematic technology systematization, the cooperative project innovatively integrated 10 key technologies that refer to the utilization of biodiversity, adjustment of agricultural planting structure, green and efficient production of main agricultural products in the whole industrial chain, new pattern of planting and breeding cycle, highly effective ecological facility agriculture, and rural domestic pollutant control in Danjiangkou. We have summarized and provided a comprehensive technical solution for green and efficient agriculture in a water conservation area, which can be copied and extended experience and used as a demonstration model for similar areas. The achievements of this project will provide effective scientific and technological support for water quality and safety in the South-to-North Water Diversion, promote green development of agriculture, increase farmer income, and alleviate poverty in water conservation areas.

Background：There was a lacking of clinical diagnostic evidence in follow-up studies for reporting of secondary variants in 59 genes in American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommendations for reporting secondary findings and various strategies were applied to interpret the secondary variants. Results: Out of 1330 participants performed whole-exome sequencing, we identified 15 families with convincing clinical evidence. After Sanger validation and a comprehensive clinical follow-up, 10 families with both convincing clinical evidence and convincing genetic evidence of hereditary variants were found. Detailed clinical presentations and related clinical evidence were collected. Conclusions: Our research is a comprehensive follow-up study to identify secondary variants with convincing genetic and clinical evidence and it could help improve the strategy of screening actionable secondary variants and contribute to translation of genetic findings into medical practice.

Leptobrachella wulingensis sp. nov. Figs. 3���6. Holotype. CSUFT 201, adult female, collected by Tianyu Qian and Xin Xia from Tianzishan Nature Reserve, Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China (29��23���12.67���N, 110��27���29.6���E), elevation 979 m. on September 9, 2019. Paratypes. CSUFT 177, adult female, CSUFT 178, subadult female and CSUFT 179, 180, two adult males, collected by Tianyu Qian and Xin Xia from Tianquanshan Forest Park, Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, China (29��15���57.58���N, 110��12���13.38���E), elevation 414 m. on September 7, 2019; CSUFT 193, adult male and CSUFT 194, adult female, collected by Tianyu Qian and Xin Xia from Tianquanshan Forest Park (29��15���39.43���N, 110��13���29.47���E), elevation 530 m. on September 8, 2019; CSUFT 200, adult male, CSUFT 202���204, three subadult females, collected by Tianyu Qian and Xin Xia from the same location as holotype, on September 9, 2019; CSUFT 301, subadult female and CSUFT 302, 303, two subadult males, collected by Yue Cao and Xin Xia from the same location as the holotype, on August 6, 2019. Etymology. The specific name wulingensis is derived from the Wuling Mountains, where the two collection localities occur. The suggested common name is the ���Wuling leaf-litter toad��� in English and ���W�� L��ng Zh��ng Tū Ch��n (Ē������������)��� in Chinese. Diagnosis. Leptobrachella wulingensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by having (1) medium body size (SVL 24.5���32.8 mm in four adult males, 29.9���38.5 mm in three adult females); (2) dorsum brown to reddish brown with indistinct markings; (3) dorsal skin shagreened with sparse, large warts, sometimes with longitudinal ridges; (4) ventral surface of body creamy white or translucent creamy white, with distinct or indistinct pale brown speckling on chest and margins, and marbled texture on belly; small tubercle-like white dots presents on chest and anterior region of abdomen in some specimens; (5) tympanum distinct, slightly concave; (6) flanks with small to moderate black spots, with glandular warts present among these spots; (7) absence of webs and lateral fringes on fingers, toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes; (8) distinct longitudinal ridges under toes and interrupted at the articulations; (9) tibia length 44%���49% of SVL in males; (10) iris bicolored with bright orange or golden upper half, fades to silver in lower half; (11) ventrolateral glands distinctly visible, forming an incomplete line; small supra-axillary and femoral glands present; pectoral glands indistinct; (12) tongue cordiform, notched behind; (13) and dense small white conical spines present on lateral and ventral surface of tarsus, surface of tibia-tarsal, inner-side surface of shank and around cloacal region. Description of holotype. Adult female, medium in body size, SVL 31.1 mm; head length about equal to head width, HDL/HDW 1.03; snout rounded, snout length equal to eye diameter, SNT/EYE 1.00; nostril closer to snout than eye; canthus rostralis gently rounded; loreal region slightly concave; pupil vertical; vomerine teeth absent; tympanum rounded, slightly concave, upper margin in contact with supratympanic ridge; supratympanic fold from eye towards supra-axillary gland; tongue cordiform, notched behind. Tips of fingers rounded, slightly swollen; relative finger lengths III> IV = II> I; subarticular tubercles absent; inner palmar tubercle large and rounded, connected with a smaller, round outer palmar tubercle; absence of webbing and lateral fringes on fingers; tips of toes rounded and thickened; relative toe length IV> III> V> II> I; subarticular tubercles absent, replaced by longitudinal dermal ridges, extending on phalanges and interrupted at the articulations; elongate, large oval inner metatarsal tubercle present; toes webbing rudimentary; narrow lateral fringes present on all toes. Tibia 47% of snout-vent length; tibiotarsal articulation reaches to middle of eye. Dorsal surface shagreened, the region between eyes relatively smooth, dense large warts present on the posterior part of dorsum; upper eyelids and limbs with small tubercles; flanks with distinct glandular warts forming two rows; skin on ventral surfaces of trunk, head and forelimbs smooth; white conical spines present on lateral and ventral surface of tarsus, surface of tibia-tarsal, inner-side surface of shank and surface around cloacal region; pectoral gland elongate, and femoral gland oval; pectoral glands greater than femoral glands, PEC/FEM 1.08; femoral glands situated on the posteroventral surface of thigh, closer to knee than to vent; supra-axillary gland raised; ventrolateral gland line distinctly visible. Coloration of holotype in life. Dorsal surface brown with a dark inverted triangular marking in the interorbital region and followed by a "W" shaped mark between axillae; a ���Y��� shape mark between the loreal region linked to the triangular marking between the eyes; three vertical bars present at the rostral-eye region; supratympanic line weak, lower edge black; granules present on dorsum, flanks and limbs having dark orange pigmentation in the center; moderate black spots presents on flanks; glandular warts on flanks white to orange; transverse bars presents on lower arms and legs, as well as fingers and toes; elbow and upper arms coppery orange. Ventral surface of throat and limbs greyish-pink, chest greyish pink with creamy white pigmentation, belly creamy white but translucent with greyish-pink skin color; dense small tubercle-like white dots present on chest; marbled texture present on belly; vaguely visible brown flecks present on chest and margin of belly, close to the ventrolateral gland line; supra-axillary gland orange, ventrolateral glands whitish orange, femoral and pectoral glands white; iris bicolored, golden in the upper half, and fade to dark silver in lower half. Coloration of holotype in preservative. The background color on the dorsum faded to dark grey; dorsalateral markings have become hardly visible; dark vertical bars, transverse bars and black spots distinct; the orange color on tubercles, glands, and elbow has faded to white-grey; ventral surfaces of body and limbs grey-white with dark pigmentations present at the edge of jaw and margin of belly, sparse pigmentations vaguely visible on the chin and chest; iris uniformly dark grey, the upper half and lower half are indistinguishable. Measurements of holotype (in mm). SVL 31.1; HDL 10.8; HDW 10.5; SNT 4.2; EYE 4.2; IOD 3.4; TMP 1.7; TEY 1.1; TIB 14.5; ML 7.9; PL 13.1; PEC 1.4; FEM 1.3. Comparison. Comparative morphological data of Leptobrachella wulingensis sp. nov., and 53 recognized Leptobrachella species occurring north of the Isthmus of Kra are listed in Table 3. Genetically, L. wulingensis sp. nov. is most closely related to L. alpina, L. bijie, L. bourreti, L. eos, L. oshanensis, L. purpuraventra, L. purpurus, and L. suiyangensis. The uncorrected 16S rRNA between L. wulingensis sp. nov. and above mentioned species are 3.6%���4.6% (L. alpina), 2.3%���2.9% (L. bourreti), 4.0% (L. eos), 3.9%���4.3% (L. oshanensis), 4.0% (L. purpuraventra), 4.3% (L. purpurus), and 4.3% (L. suiyangensis). Morphological characters can further distinguish them by the following: L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs from the phylogenetically close congener, L. purpurus by having narrow lateral fringes on toes (vs. wide in purpurus), brown/reddish brown above in life (vs. purplish brown in purpurus), presence of longitudinal skin folds on dorsum (vs. absent in purpurus), supratympanic line weak (vs. distinct and black in purpurus), and dorsal tubercles orange in life (vs. reddish in purpurus). L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs from the phylogenetically close congener, L. alpina by dorsum without white tiny flecks (vs. distinct white tiny flecks present on dorsum in alpina, see Yang et al., 2018: Fig. 6C), absence of distinct dark brown spots/blotches on belly (present in alpina, see Yang et al., 2018: Fig. 6D) in life, tibiotarsal articulation reaches to middle of the eye (vs. reaches to anterior corner of the eye in alpina), narrow lateral fringes on toes (vs. wide in males in alpina), and indistinct dorsolateral markings (vs. distinct in alpina). L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs from the phylogenetically close congener, L. bourreti by having a relatively smaller body size (males SVL 24.5���32.8 mm vs. 28.0��� 36.2 mm in bourreti; females SVL 29.9���38.5 mm vs. 41.8��� 45.0 mm in bourreti), dermal ridges under toes distinct (vs. indistinct in bourreti), absence of dermal fringes on fingers (vs. present on Fingers II and III in bourreti), head longer than or as long as wide (vs. head wider than long in bourreti), indistinct dorsolateral markings (vs. distinct in bourreti), and indistinct supra-axillary glands in specimens reaching metamorphosis (see Fig. 6A) (vs. distinct in bourreti). L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs from the phylogenetically close congener, L. eos by having narrow lateral fringes on toes (vs. wide in eos), presence of black spots on flanks (vs. absent in eos), large warts present on dorsal surface (vs. absent in eos), orange dorsal surface of elbow and upper arms in life (vs. reddish-brown in eos), and ventral surface creamy white with distinct/indistinct brown speckling in life (vs. throat with orange/yellow spots, chest and belly pearly-orange in eos). L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs from the phylogenetically close congener, L. oshanensis by the presence of webbing and lateral fringes on toes (vs. absent in oshanensis), longitudinal ridges under toes interrupted at the articulations (vs. not interrupted in oshanensis), large warts present on dorsal surface (vs. absent in oshanensis), supratympanic line weak (vs. distinct and black in oshanensis), pectoral gland lager than femoral gland (vs. reversed condition in oshanensis), femoral gland closer to knee than to vent (vs. reversed condition in oshanensis), and indistinct dorsolateral markings (vs. distinct in oshanensis). L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs from the phylogenetically close congener, L. suiyangensis by having large warts present on dorsal surface (vs. absent in suiyangensis), brown/reddish brown above in life (vs. greyish brown in suiyangensis), supratympanic line weak (vs. deep and black in suiyangensis), indistinct dorsolateral markings (vs. distinct in suiyangensis), upper parts of iris bright orange/golden in life (vs. coppery in suiyangensis), and smaller tympanum (TMP/EYE ratio 0.32���0.52 vs. 0.42���1.06 in suiyangensis). L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs from the phylogenetically close congener, L. purpuraventra and L. bijie by having large warts present on dorsal surface (vs. absent in purpuraventra and bijie), supratympanic line weak (vs. distinct and black in purpuraventra and bijie), ventral surface creamy white with/without brown speckling in life (vs. grey purple with nebulous greyish speckling in purpuraventra and white with nebulous greyish speckling in bijie), longitudinal ridges under toes interrupted at the articulations (vs. not interrupted in purpuraventra and bijie), indistinct dorsolateral markings (vs. distinct in purpuraventra and bijie), and absence of tiny conical spines on surface of chest in males during breeding season (vs. present in purpuraventra and bijie). Compared with the members from the L. applebyi species group. L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs by having a creamy white chest and belly in life (vs. reddish brown or greyish violet in all members, except rowleyae), presence of webbing and lateral fringes on toes (vs. absent in ardens, kalonensis, maculosa, pallida, rowleyae and tadungensis), bicolored iris (vs. uniform in ardens and tadunensis), distinct ventrolateral glandular line (vs. indistinct or absent in macrops, pyrrhops, rowleyae, tadungensis and melica), dorsal skin texture shagreened with sparse large warts (vs. mostly smooth in applebyi, bidoupensis, kalonensis, maculosa and melica), supratympanic line weak (vs. distinct and black in ardens, kalonensis, maculosa and tadungensis), upper parts of iris bright orange/golden in life (vs. reddish or copper in bidoupensis, maculosa and pallida), and lower parts of iris silver in life (vs. gold, golden green, or silver green in macrops, maculosa, pallida, pyrrhops and rowleyae); and further differs from L. applebyi by having a larger body size (males SVL 24.5���32.8 mm vs. 19.6���20.8 mm in applebyi) and the presence of dermal fringes on toes (vs. absent in applebyi); from L. bidoupensis by having a larger body size (males SVL 24.5���32.8 mm vs. 23.6���24.6 mm in bidoupensis) and the presence of glandular warts on flanks (vs. absent in bidoupensis); from L. macrops by the presence of longitudinal ridges on dorsum (vs. absent in macrops) and lateral fringes on toes (vs. absent in macrops); from L. melica by the absence of dermal fringes on fingers (vs. present in melica) and the presence of lateral fringes on toes (vs. absent in melica). Compared with a congener occurring in Hunan province (L. mangshanensis), L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs by having narrow lateral fringes on toes (vs. weak in mangshanensis), distinct longitudinal ridges under toes interrupt- ed at the articulations (vs. longitudinal ridges indistinct and not interrupted at the articulations in mangshanensis), supratympanic line weak (vs. distinct and black in mangshanensis), tibiotarsal articulation reaches to middle of the eye (vs. reaches anterior margin of snout in mangshanensis), dorsal skin texture shagreened with sparse large warts (vs. mostly smooth in mangshanensis), and indistinct dorsolateral markings (vs. distinct in mangshanensis). Compared with three congeners recently described by Chen et al. (2020) from Yunnan Province, L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs from L. niveimontis by having a creamy white chest and belly (vs. marbled with distinct irregular black speckling on bluish-white background in niveimontis), orange supra-axillary glands (vs. white in niveimontis), orange dorsal surface of elbow and upper arms (vs. reddish-brown in niveimontis) in life, and longitudinal ridges under toes interrupted at the articulations (vs. not interrupted in niveimontis); from L. flaviglandulosa by having small white spines around cloacal region (vs. absent in flaviglandulosa), orange supra-axillary glands (vs. yellowish in flaviglandulosa), orange dorsal surface of elbow and upper arms (vs. yellowish in flaviglandulosa), greyish-pink ventral surface of throat and limbs (vs. dark brown in flaviglandulosa), and lacking yellow markings on dorsum in scapular region (vs. present in flaviglandulosa) in life; from L. feii by weak supratympanic line (vs. distinct and black in feii), absence of distinct black blotches scattered on chest and belly (vs. present in feii), longitudinal ridges under toes interrupted at the articulations (vs. not interrupted in feii), small to moderate black spots on flanks (vs. large blotches in feii), and absence of nuptial spines on the dorsal surfaces of first and second fingers (vs. presence in males in feii). For the other congeners known from China, L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs by having narrow lateral fringes on toes (vs. broad or wide in laui, liui, yingjiangensis and yunkaiensis; absent in nyx and ventripunctata), absence of lateral fringes on fingers (vs. present in laui and yingjiangensis), supratympanic line weak (vs. distinct and black in maoershanensis, shangsiensis, ventripunctata and wuhuangmontis), longitudinal ridges under toes interrupted at the articulations (vs. not interrupted in laui, maoershanensis, wuhuangmontis and yunkaiensis), indistinct dorsalateral markings (vs. distinct in liui, maoershanensis, pelodytoides, tengchongensis, ventripunctata, wuhuangmontis and yunkaiensis), absence of black spots or dark blotches on ventral surface (vs. present in maoershanensis, tengchongensis and ventripunctata), black spots on flanks small to moderate in size (vs. large in maoershanensis, pelodytoides and tengchongensis), distinct dermal ridges under toes (vs. indistinct in nyx and pelodytoides) and distinct ventrolateral glandular line (vs. indistinct in nyx and tengchongensis); and further differs from L. laui by the presence of longitudinal ridges on dorsum (vs. absent in laui); from L. liui by the absence of light dorsal markings in preservatives (vs. large, dark dorsal markings edged with light margins in liui, see Sung et al., 2014: Fig. 4B); from L. shangsiensis by having shagreened dorsal skin texture with sparse large warts (vs. smooth with numerous tiny tubercles in shangsiensis); from L. pelodytoides by having distinct dermal fringes under toes (vs. indistinct in pelodytoides); from L. tengchongensis by having bicolored iris (vs. uniform in tengchongensis); from L. ventripunctata by upper parts of iris bright orange/golden in life (vs. copper in ventripunctata) and lower parts of iris silver in life (vs. grey-brown in ventripunctata); from L. yingjiangensis by having orange supra-axillary glands in life (vs. brown in yingjiangensis) and the absence of white and dark brown mottling on ventral surface of thigh (vs. present in yingjiangensis); from L. yunkaiensis by having creamy white ventral surface (vs. pinkish in yunkaiensis) in life. For the other 18 congeners occurring north of the Isthmus of Kra, L. wulingensis sp. nov. differs by having indistinct dorsalateral markings (vs. distinct in botsfordi, fuliginosa, khasiorum, lateralis, minima, nahangensis, nokrekensis, pluvialis, puhoatensis, sungi, tamdil and zhangyapingi), presence of black spots on flanks (vs. absent in aerea, botsfordi, firthi and tuberosa), creamy white ventral surface (vs. reddish brown or bright orange in botsfordi, puhoatensis and, Published as part of Qian, Tian-Yu, Xia, Xin, Cao, Yue, Xiao, Neng-Wen & Yang, Dao-De, 2020, A new species of Leptobrachella (Anura: Megophryidae) Smith, 1925 from Wuling Mountains in Hunan Province, China, pp. 491-526 in Zootaxa 4816 (4) on pages 497-505, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4816.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3954622, {"references":["Yang, J. H., Zeng, Z. C. & Wang, Y. Y. (2018) Description of two new sympatric species of the genus Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from western Yunnan of China. PeerJ, 6, e 4586. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 4586","Chen, J. M., Xu, K., Poyarkov, N. A., Wang, K., Yuan, Z. Y., Hou, M., Suwannapoom, C., Wang, J. & Che, J. (2020) How little is known about \" the little brown frogs \": description of three new species of the genus Leptobrachella (Anura: Megophryidae) from Yunnan Province, China. Zoological Research, 41 (3), 292 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.24272 / j. issn. 2095 - 8137.2020.036","Sung, Y. H., Yang, J. H. & Wang, Y. Y. (2014) A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from southern China. Asian Herpetological Research, 5 (2), 80 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.3724 / SP. J. 1245.2014.00080","Rowley, J. J. L., Hoang, D. H., Le, T. T. D., Dau, V. Q. & Cao, T. T. (2010 c) A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Vietnam and further information on Leptolalax tuberosus. Zootaxa, 2660 (1), 33 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2660.1.3","Mo, X., Shen, Y., L, Y. & Wu, X. (2010) A new species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from the northwestern Hunan Province, China. Current Zoology, 56 (4), 432 - 436. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / czoolo / 56.4.432"]}

Background Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) or benign rolandic epilepsy is the most common epileptic syndrome in school‐age children. Genetics is an important factor in BECTS pathogenesis, and A was identified in three patients with BECTS in a pedigree. Carbamazepine, which should be carefully used in BECTS, was observed to be effective in the treatment of our atypical BECTS proband based on the molecular diagnosis of CHRNA4. Conclusion This is the first study on CHRNA4 variant in BECTS, which widened the genetic spectrum of BECTS and contributed to precise medicine in BECTS., Our research is the first report of CHRNA4 variant in BECTS. Carbamazepine which should be carefully used in BECTS was observed to be effective in the treatment of the disease based on molecular diagnosis.

A family of new three-dimensional (3D) 2p-4f metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely [Na2Ln(L)(OH)(H2O)3]n (H4L = naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid, Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2) and Dy (3)) have been synthesized by using hydrothermal method and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction and IR spectra. Complexes 1–3 are isostructural and crystallize in the space group Cmca of orthorhombic system. Their crystal structures can be described as a kind of homeomorphism configurations with 3D framework. Magnetic measurements indicated that complex 1 exhibits antiferromagnetic behavior and magnetocaloric effect with −ΔSmmax = 28.8 J kg−1 K−1 (ΔH = 7 T and T = 2 K), and complex 2 exhibits field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behaviors.

A series of β-NaYF4: Yb, Er micro-prisms codoped with La3+(0–30 at%) were synthesized via hydrothermal process. Upon 980 nm excitation at room temperature, 20 mol% La3+ codoped sample shows a maximum upconversion emission intensity. Excitation power density dependencies of UC luminescence and the decay curves were investigated. The UCPL decay is evidently monoexponential for all samples and La3+ doping did not significantly change the decay time. In this particular case, we found the napierian logarithm of the UC emission intensity (lnI) had a good linear relationship with the cell lattice parameters. This correlation may be helpful for design and fabrication of high performance upconversion materials.

Background: rs9357347 located at the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) gene cluster could increase TREM2 and TREM-like transcript 1 (TREML1) brain gene expression, which is considered to play a protective role against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objectives: To investigate the role of rs9357347 in AD pathogenesis by exploring the effects of rs9357347 on AD specific biomarkers. Methods: This study analyzed the association of rs9357347 with AD-related cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging markers from 201 cognitively normal (CN) older adults, 349 elders with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 172 elders with AD dementia from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We next analyzed the association in 259 amyloid-β positive (Aβ+) elders and 117 amyloid-β negative (Aβ-) elders (Aβ+: CSF Aβ1-42 ≤ 192 pg/ml; Aβ-: CSF Aβ1-42 > 192 pg/ml). Associations were tested using multiple linear regression models at baseline. Furthermore, multiple mixed-effects models were used in a longitudinal study which lasted 4 years. Results: At baseline, we found that rs9357347 had association with CSF Aβ1-42 in CN group (β = 0.357, P = 0.009). In AD group, rs9357347 was associated with total tau (T-tau) level (β = -0.436, P = 0.007). Moreover, the strong influence exerted by rs9357347 on T-tau was also seen in Aβ+ group (β = -0.202, P = 0.036). In the longitudinal study, rs9357347 was also found to be associated with Aβ1-42 in CN group (β = 0.329, P = 0.023). In AD group, the mutation of rs9357347 was associated with slower accumulation of T-tau (β = -0.472, P = 0.002) and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 [P-tau 181 (β = -0.330, P = 0.019)]. Furthermore, the obvious influence exerted by rs9357347 on T-tau was also seen in Aβ+ group (β = -0.241, P = 0.013). Conclusion: This study suggested that rs9357347 reduced the risk of AD by modulating both amyloid-β pathology and neuronal degeneration.

The association between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility is still being debated. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk. Association studies were identified from the databases of PubMed and China Biological Medicine Database disc as of June 1, 2015, and eligible investigations were synthesized using meta-analysis method. Ten investigations were identified for the analysis of association between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and lung cancer risk. There was no a marked association between D allele/DD genotype and lung cancer susceptibility, and II genotype did not play a protective role against lung cancer risk in the overall population (D: odds ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.88-1.26, P = .58; DD: odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.82-1.69, P = .38; II: odds ratio = 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.77-1.27, P = .93). Furthermore, angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism was not associated with lung cancer susceptibility in Asian population and in Caucasians. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism was not associated with lung cancer susceptibility. However, more investigations are required to further clarify the association.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in vaginal microecological factors and genital tract infections among pregnant women of different ages. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 751 pregnant women from West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China, from January 2015 to April 2017. After gram staining, the vaginal microecological factors of these cases were observed, including vaginal cleanliness, lactobacillus number, bacterial density, flora diversity, dominant bacteria, pH, clue cells, Candida species, and Trichomonas vaginalis. RESULTS There was no significant difference in bacterial density, flora diversity, vaginal cleanliness, or lactobacillus number among pregnant women of different age groups. Of the 32.62% of pregnant women who had genital tract infections, the incidence of bacterial vaginosis, Candida albicans infection, non-albicans Candida infection, and T. vaginalis infection were 20.91%, 14.91%, 4.26%, and 1.73%, respectively. The amalgamative incidence of bacterial vaginosis was 9.19%. The incidence of non-albicans Candida infection in the optimum reproductive age group was higher than in the older age group (P=0.0433). The incidence of T. vaginalis infection in the younger age group was higher than in the optimum reproductive age group and higher than in the older age group (P=0.0010 and P=0.0041). CONCLUSIONS The microecological status of pregnant women was basically the same as that of normal women. The most frequent genital tract infection was bacterial vaginosis. While bacterial vaginosis is amalgamative with vulvovaginal candidiasis and T. vaginalis infection, there was no significant difference in vaginal microecological observations among pregnant women in different age groups except that the non-albicans Candida infection incidence in the optimum reproductive age group and the T. vaginalis infection incidence in the younger age group was higher than in the other groups.

Inflammation of epithelial and endothelial cells accelerates the progress of acute lung injury (ALI), and pulmonary fibrosis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of immune‑mediated disorders, and is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Prohibitin (PHB) is a highly conserved protein implicated in various cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, tumor suppression, transcription and mitochondrial protein folding. PHB was identified to be associated with a variety of pulmonary diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. Based on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced cell model of ALI, the present study examined the expression of PHB and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the process of pulmonary inflammation. MLE‑12 cells were divided into 2 groups: The control group was administered sterile PBS; the treatment group was administered 500 ng/ml LPS for 12 h. The mRNA expression of IL‑6 in the treatment group was significantly upregulated compared with the control group (P

Three new phosphors of rare earth complexes based on polyoxotungstates, K3Cs8[Eu(PW11O39)(2)]center dot 11H(2)O (1), K3Cs8[Sm(PW11O39)(2)]center dot 10H(2)O (2), and K5Cs6[DY(PW11O39)(2)]center dot 15H(2)O (3) have been prepared and characterized. The crystallographic analyses reveal that these compounds consist of two monovacant keggin anions [PW11O39](7-) connected by a rare earth ion in a sandwich structure. The investigations of photoluminescence properties show that phosphor 1 emits strong red light at 614 and 702 nm, 2 emits strong orange-red light at 598.7 nm, and 3 exists two strong emissions at 479 nm (blue) and 574nm (orange). The luminescence properties suggest that the 1 can be applied as the potential red-emitting crystal phosphor, and the 3 may be regarded as a potential white light material for LEDs. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.