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The bioinspired synthesis of heterodimer neolignan analogs is reported by single-electron oxidation of both alkenyl phenols and phenols individually, followed by a combination of the resultant radicals. This oxidative radical cross-coupling strategy can afford heterodimer 8-5' or 8-O-4' neolignan analogs selectively with the use of air as the terminal oxidant and copper acetate as the catalyst at room temperature.

The bioinspired synthesis of heterodimer neolignan analogs is reported by single-electron oxidation of both alkenyl phenols and phenols individually, followed by a combination of the resultant radicals. This oxidative radical cross-coupling strategy can afford heterodimer 8-5' or 8

Objectives To clarify the incidence of brainstem toxicity and perform a dose-volume analysis for the brainstem after long-term follow-up of a large cohort of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who underwent intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Materials and methods All patients with NPC treated with IMRT at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between April 2009 and March 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 1544 patients with follow-up >12 months and detailed treatment plan data were included. Radiotherapy was administered using the simultaneous integrated boost technique in 2.0–2.48 Gy per fractions/28–33 fractions. Brainstem necrosis was defined as lesions with high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, with or without enhancement after administration of contrast in follow-up MRI. Results After median follow-up of 79.7 months (range, 12.2–85.6 months), 2/1544 (0.13%) patients developed brainstem necrosis after intervals of 12.3 and 18.5 months. Actuarial incidence of brainstem necrosis was 0.07%, 0.13%, 0.13% and 0.13% after 1, 2, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Overall, 384 (24.9%), 153 (9.9%), 67 (4.3%), 39 (2.5%), 78 (5.1%), and 114 (7.4%) patients had excessive doses of D max ≥ 64 Gy, D1 cc > 59 Gy, D2 cc > 59 Gy, aV50 > 5.9 cc, aV55 > 2.7 cc and aV60 > 0.9 cc respectively, of whom only two developed brainstem necrosis. Conclusions Brainstem necrosis is rare in NPC. The definitive criteria based on conventional radiotherapy cannot accurately predict the occurrence of brainstem necrosis after IMRT, thus more flexible definitive criteria with strict restrictions need to be defined.

Fluorescent anti-counterfeiting is one of the most widely used anti-counterfeiting technologies at present. The demand to develop new anti-counterfeiting materials and technology is more and more urgent. Zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) have superior fluorescent properties under ultraviolet light, making them a suitable replacement for traditional phosphors for anti-counterfeiting printing, which is environmentally friendly and meets the needs of sustainable development. In this paper, water-soluble ZnO QDs with an average particle size of 5.64 nm were prepared. Paper coated by ZnO QDs was obtained after ultrasonic treatment, which could emit bright yellow fluorescence when excited by ultraviolet light. As the concentration of ultrasonic solution is increased, the loading amount of ZnO QDs on the coated paper increased gradually, reaching the maximum when the concentration is increased to 1 m o l L − 1 , which then does not change with an increase in concentration. The fluorescent intensity of the coated paper was consistent with the changing trend of the loading amount. The coated paper has excellent optical stability, is easy to recycle, and provides simple identification of authenticity by ultraviolet light and anti-copy functionality. Their application in packaging and printing is of great significance to the development of complex, concealed and non-repeatable anti-counterfeiting technology.

Variations of PM

Doxorubicin plays a major role in the treatment of osteosarcoma disorders. The Notch signaling pathway exerts various biological functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different doses of doxorubicin on proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells with or without Notch signaling. Results found that cellular viability was downregulated while caspase 3 activity and expression were promoted in osteosarcoma cells following treatment with various doses of doxorubicin for 24, 48, and 72 h, and the effects showed a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was found that various doses of doxorubicin activated the Notch signaling pathway, shown by the elevated expression of Notch target genes NOTCH1, HEY1, HES1, AND HES5. It was further proved that, after small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of Notch, the effects of doxorubicin on the viability and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells were significantly reduced. It was indicated that doxorubicin treatment reduced the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells, and this effect was mediated by the Notch signaling pathway.

This paper reports a room temperature visible-light-driven protocol for the intermolecular [2+2] cycloadditions between coumarin-3-carboxylates and acrylamides analogs by an energy-transfer process. Using an iridium complex FIrPic as a photosensitizer and a 3 W blue LED as a light source, an array of cyclobutabenzocypyranones were prepared in moderate to excellent yields.

The Shanghai subway metro system has brought great convenience to the city's travelling public, although passengers are exposed to airborne particles in this built micro-environment. However, investigations on the physicochemical characterization of PM 2.5 air pollution in the Shanghai subway system are to date very limited. Three subway stations along the No. 7 line were selected as subway PM 2.5 monitoring sites: Pan'guang, Shanghai University (SHU), and Jing'an, which are located in an outer suburban area, a suburban area and the urban area, respectively, airborne PM 2.5 on the subway station platforms and in the ambient atmosphere above-ground was synchronously collected from 19th March to 4th, May, 2012. Cutting-edge techniques, including scanning electronic microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) were employed to investigate microscopic characterization, chemical elements and speciation of the main heavy metals in subway PM 2.5 . Our results demonstrated that mass levels of PM 2.5 in the subway stations were higher than that in ambient air. Mass levels of PM 2.5 in the subway stations and in ambient air ranged from 49.17 ± 19.7 μg/m 3 to 66.15 ± 25.20 μg/m 3 , and 24.52 ± 3.3 μg/m 3 to 65.60 ± 5.6 μg/m 3 , respectively. The microscopic characterization of PM 2.5 in ambient air and in subway stations showed marked differences. The PM 2.5 in the subway stations was mainly composed of iron-containing particles and mineral particles, while the PM 2.5 in ambient air largely consisted of mineral particles and soot aggregates. Fe was the most abundant element in subway PM 2.5 , followed by: major elements (mass level > 100 ng/m 3 ) including Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Zn, Mn, Ba; sub-major elements (10 ng/m 3 3 ) including Li, Cr, Ni,Cu, Ga, Sr, Pb; and minor elements (mass level 3 ), Be, V, As, Se, Rb, Ag, Cd, Tl, Bi. The mass levels of Ca, Al and Zn in ambient PM 2.5 were higher than those in subway PM 2.5 , however those of the remaining 26 measured elements in subway PM 2.5 were higher than in ambient PM 2.5 . The speciation of Fe in PM 2.5 was in the form of Fe 2 + , while for Cu, that in the finer fractions ( 2 + , but in the PM 2.5 fraction itself, was as Cu 1 + .

Purpose To establish the regional lymph node (LN) distribution probability map and draw the neck clinical target volume specific to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods and Materials One thousand patients with pathologically proven NPC were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2011. The center point of the LNs with a minimal axial diameter of ≥4 mm was marked on a single treatment planning computed tomography scan. The neck LN levels I to X using the 2013 updated international consensus guidelines were also contoured. LN distribution probability maps and distribution curves were established. The relationships between the LN distribution and consensus guidelines were analyzed to propose modifications for clinical target volume boundaries specific to NPC. Results A total of 10,651 LNs from 959 patients were marked. Based on the distribution of LNs and consensus guidelines, most of the LN levels defined in the 2013 updated consensus guidelines were confirmed to be comprehensive and applicable for NPC. However, for level Vb, 13.3% of cases (11 of 83) had LNs beyond the posteromedial border. For level VIIa (retropharyngeal LN), 1.5% of cases (12 of 819) had LNs above the cranial boundary, and 5 cases had LNs that emerged in the medial group. Moreover, we confirmed that no LN had been detected in certain areas of levels Ib, II, IVa, and Vc. Accordingly, a new level VIIc was proposed to include the medial group of retropharyngeal LNs, moderately extended boundaries for levels Vb and VIIa were recommended, and reduced boundaries are possibly adaptable for levels Ib, II, IV, and Vc. Conclusions Most LN levels in the 2013 updated consensus guidelines are comprehensive and applicable for NPC. We have proposed a new level VIIc to include a medial group of retropharyngeal LNs, recommended moderate extended boundaries for levels Vb and VIIa, and suggested that the boundaries for levels Ib, II, IV, and Vc might be reduced.

Purpose To investigate the variability and prognostic value of nodal tumor volume (NTV) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods and materials Data on 1230 patients with newly diagnosed stage T1-4N1-3M0 NPC treated with definitive radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy at a single cancer center were reviewed. NTV was determined from dose volume histogram (DVH) data. X-tile analysis was applied to identify the optimal cut-off points for the NTV with respect to regional recurrence-free survival (RRFS). Correlations between the TNM classification system, NTV and RRFS were assessed using a Cox regression model. Cross-validation based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to compare the prognostic predictive validity of NTV and N categories. Results Within a median follow-up of 49.9 (range, 1.27-76.40) months, 61/1230 (5%) patients developed regional recurrence and 154 (12.5%) developed distant metastasis. NTV values of 7.2 cc and 35.7 cc were identified as the optimal cut-off points. Patients with larger NTV had poorer prognosis. Compared with the N category, NTV was better at determining RRFS for patients with NPC. Hazard ratios increased with NTV, ranging from 1.86 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.92-3.78) for NTV between 7.2 cc to 35.7 cc, and 3.67 (95% CI, 1.58-8.50) for NTV > 35.7 cc. With both NTV and N category in the same Cox regression model, only NTV remained statistically significant in the RRFS of NPC. The validation results with ROC curves also revealed that, NTV was superior to N category for predicting RRFS with significantly larger area under the ROC curve. Conclusions NTV offers important prognostic value for treatment outcomes in NPC, especially regional control. Volumetric analysis of nodal involvement may assist selection of patients with poor prognosis.

At present, cluster based routing protocols have been the main solution of routing scalability problem in mobile ad-hoc networks. Based on the deep research on cluster based routing protocols, cluster based routing protocols were divided into two parts. The research progress of the main routing protocols of each part were reviewed and analyzed. This work will contribute to the further study of cluster based routing protocols.

Agricultural ecosystem is fragile exceedingly in northwest arid area, the areas of land salinization and desertification account for more than one-third of the country, which is further increasing.However, reservoirs in mountain areas are further from farmland, whats more, high cost of conveyance and great loss need to build considerable the type of plain in injection reservoirs to meet the development of industry and agriculture, such is the case that the number of constructing many plain reservoirs has gone up to 578 so far in Xinjiang. But plain reservoirs shallow water depth, length of spur, high permeable depth of foundation, evaporation and leakage are both high.Plain reservoir leakage lifted the underground water level of the dam after large area of land, salt with water, the land salinization dam after ecological problems, such as more and more serious. As the An Jihai set reservoir as an example, for more than 50 years of operation, the down stream of the dam over 50kilometers of land are white the salinization of sights, many cultivated lands have been deserted.Therefore, we need to improve and solve the problems existing in the plain reservoir from the source to solve the leakage caused groundwater problems is necessary.

In order to improve the detection rate of intruders in coal mine disaster warning internet of things, and to solve the problem that the back propagate neural network (BPNN) is invalid when these initial weight and threshold values of BPNN are chosen impertinently, Genetic Algorithms (GA) s characteristic of getting whole optimization value was combined with BPNNs characteristic of getting local precision value with gradient method. After getting an approximation of whole optimization value of weight and threshold values of BPNN by GA, the approximation was used as first parameter of BPNN, to train (educate) the BPNN again (in other words, learning). The educated BPNN was used to recognize intruders in internet of things. Experiment results shown that this method was useful and applicable, and the detection right rate of intruders was above 95% for the KDD CUP 1999 data set.

In order to improve the secondary electron emission coefficient of MgO, we propose to dope Al into MgO. The precursor was obtained by hydrothermal method in the condition of different reaction temperature, different filling volume and different reaction time by using urea, Mg (CH3COO)2and AlCl3. The Al-doping MgO crystallites powders were obtained by calcining the precursor. The crystal phase and morphology of the products were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results showed that the Al-doping MgO powders were cubic-shaped crystallites. The discharge characteristics of Al-doping MgO powders were tested in a chamber as when the panel was sealed in Ne and 7% Xe at 450 torr. As expected, the discharge voltage of the panel is lower with the Al-doping MgO protective layer than without that.

In this paper, a screen-printed LaB6discontinuous film is coated on the MgO protective layer to meet the market for low power requirement of AC PDP. The surface appearance, optical transmittance and conductivity properties of the screen-printed LaB6/MgO double protective film are studied by changing the slurry contents and annealing temperature. It is found that when the mass ratio of LaB6powder in the printed slurry is 1%, the transmittance of the film is above 90% with excellent insulation properties. The SEM shows that LaB6particles are randomly distributed on the smooth MgO layer surface and distances among LaB6islands are at least several micron dimensions. Besides, XRD patterns indicate that when the annealing temperature is 500°C, the LaB6film exhibits a strong preferred orientation to the (100) plane, which is beneficial to improve the performance of AC PDP.

A novel wavelet transform — the least-square transform is proposed in the paper, which is used to extract weak fault signals from strong interference signals in coal mineral well. With the help of the least-square transform, a smooth fault signal curve can be got from the fault signal with high noise. Strong interference signals in the coal mineral well give a so serious problem on the work of general electric investigation that sometime process of observing useful fault signal cannot be finished. For extracting the weak effective fault signals from strong interferences signals in coal mineral well, original measured signals are decomposed by the least-square transform wavelet transform proposed in the paper, and the weak effective fault signals are extracted successfully. Experimental results show that the approach method is feasible and efficient.

Intrusion detection algorithm based on support vector machine with pre-extracting support vector is proposed which combines the center distance ratio and classification algorithm. Given proper thresholds, we can use the support vector as a substitute for the training examples. Then the scale of dataset is decreased and the performance of support vector machine is improved in the detection rate and the training time. The experiment result has shown that the intrusion detection system(IDS) based on support vector machine with pre-extracting support needs less training time under the same detection performance condition.

To determine the potential effects of seasonal changes on water temperature and water quality upon removal of ammonium and organic carbon pollutants and to characterize the variations in microbial characteristics, a pilot-scale activated carbon filter biologically enhanced with heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria was investigated for 528 days. The results show that 69.2 ± 28.6% of ammonium and 23.1 ± 11.6% of the dissolved organic carbon were removed by the biologically enhanced activated carbon (BEAC) reactor. It is shown that higher biodegradable dissolved organic carbon enhances ammonium removal, even at low temperatures. The C/N ratio consumed by the BEAC reactor reached a steady value (i.e., 3.3) after 2 months of operation. Despite seasonal fluctuations and competition of the indigenous community, the heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. HRBLi 16 and Acinetobacter harbinensis strain HITLi 7) remained relatively stable. The amount of carbon source was the most significant environmental parameter and dramatically affected the microbial community compositions in the BEAC reactor. The present study provides new insights into the application of a BEAC reactor for ammonium removal from drinking water, resisting strong seasonal changes.

In this article, we use the porosity to express the effective stress of rock mass, and get the equilibrium differential equation. on this basis, using equivalent continuum model and the finite element method to simulate the degree of coupling. In full consideration the interaction between groundwater and the rock framework and referring to the underground water solid coupling seepage flow mathematic model, based on finite element theory, we obtain the calculation method and the coupling method. These methods can real simulate groundwater seepage condition and have a great significance.

Intrusion detection algorithm based on support vector machine with pre-extracting support vector is proposed which combines the center distance ratio and classification algorithm. Given proper thresholds, we can use the support vector as a substitute for the training examples. Then the scale of dataset is decreased and the performance of support vector machine is improved in the detection rate and the training time. The experiment result has shown that the IDS based on support vector machine with pre-extracting support needs less training time under the same detection performance condition.

This study is to investigate the dose distribution of organs at risk (OARs) in cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). From July 2013 to October 2014, a prospective cohort study involving 148 patients was carried out at our center. OARs surrounding the nasopharynx were contoured on axial CT planning images in all patients. Dose-volume histograms of OARs and gross tumor volumes (GTV) were calculated. Multivariate analysis showed that radiation dose to OARs was associated with T stage and, especially, GTV. Seven OARs, including the spinal cord, eye and mandible, easily tolerated radiation doses in all patients; six OARs including the brain stem, chiasm and temporal lobe easily tolerated radiation doses in patients with a small GTV, but with difficulty when GTV was large; and other nine OARs including the parotid gland, cochlea and tympanic cavity met tolerance doses with difficulty in all patients. According to the patterns of radiation doses to OARs, it may help us to further reduce subsequent complications by improving the efficiency of plan optimization and evaluation.

This study aimed to identify the dosimetric parameters and radiation dose tolerances associated with moderate or severe sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) atrophy after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We retrospectively analysed 138 patients treated with IMRT between 2011 and 2012 for whom IMRT treatment plans and pretreatment and 3-year post-IMRT MRI scans were available. The association between mean dose (Dmean), maximum dose (Dmax), VX (% SCM volume that received more than X Gy), DX (dose to X% of the SCM volume) at X values of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 and SCM atrophy at 3 years after IMRT were analyzed. All dosimetric parameters, except V40, V50 and V80, were significantly associated with moderate or severe SCM atrophy. Multivariate analysis showed that V65 was an independent predictor of moderate or severe SCM atrophy (P P

Optimized conditions are elaborated which lead to formation of diastereomeric mixtures of cyclobutabenzopyranone structures and quinolone analogues such as (XIIc,d)/(XIIIc,d).

The growth and physiology of bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were determined by the pulse amplitude modulated fluorimetry when exposed to different concentrations of Litchi chinensis defoliation extract for 15 d. The growth, maximal efficiency (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield (YII) of PSII photochemistry, photosynthesis efficiency (α) , maximum electron transport rate (rETRmax) and light saturation coefficient (Ik) were used to evaluate the growth and photosynthesis in M. aeruginosa. It was found that the extract of L. chinensis defoliation stored for 5 days significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa in a concentration-dependent way. After a long time of exposure, stimulation effect disappeared gradually. Fv/Fm fluorescence parameters, YII and alpha changed from negative correlation to positive correlation or kept positive correlation with the extract of L. chinensis defoliation, which might affect the photosynthesis of M. aeruginosa at early time or help the cyanobacterium to survive in the stress environment by improving the efficiency of light energy. Ik, rETRmax and the content of algal chlorophyll-a changed from negative to significant negative correlation with the extract. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra showed that the peak intensities of tryptophan and tyrosine fluorescence were only about one third in 2.0 g · L(-1) extract treatment when compared to the 1.2 g · L(-1) extract treatment on day 15. At the same time, the peak intensity of humic acid fluorescence was weaker than that on day 1. Further study showed that the EC50 of algal growth was smaller than that of the traditional crops straw, which might achieve good effect to control the growth of algae with lower concentration of L. chinensis defoliation extract due to its strong allelopathy.

Relationship between high lung cancer incidence in Xuanwei residents and environmental pollution has been a hot topic in the field of environmental sciences. Street dusts in Xuanwei power plant area as well as its upwind area (Banqiao town) and downwind area (Laibin town, Tangtang town) were collected. Chemical elements in the street dust samples were investigated using ICP-MS. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in the street dusts was carried out using the US EPA Health Risk Assessment Model. Our results showed that the mass level of Al, V, Ni, Co, Zn and Cd in street dusts followed the order of Xuanwei power plantLaibin townTangtang town. The mean concentrations of V, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Pb, As and Zn were all higher than the background values in Yunnan soil, indicating that the street dusts of Xuanwei city have been heavily polluted by those metals. The health risk assessment results showed that the non-cancer hazard risks induced by the 10 heavy metals were higher to children compared to adults. The heavy metals in street dust were mainly ingested by human bodies through hand-mouth ingestion. The 5 carcinogenic metals, including Cd, Cr, Ni, Cr and As, had a potential risk of carcinogenicity in human after exposed to the dusts. Cr was the major toxic element to the local children's health.

Although PEG remains the gold standard for stealth functionalization in drug delivery field up to date, complete inhibition of protein corona formation on PEG-coated nanoparticles remains a challenge. To improve the stealth property of PEG, herein an α-glutamyl group was conjugated to the end of PEG and polymeric micelles with α-glutamyl-terminated PEG shells were prepared. After incubation with bovine serum albumin or in fetal calf serum, the size of the micelles changed slightly, while the size of the micelles of similar diblock copolymer but without α-glutamyl group increased markedly. These results indicated that the micelles with α-glutamyl-terminated PEG shells showed low non-specific protein adsorption. In vivo blood clearance kinetics assay showed that the micelles with α-glutamyl-terminated PEG shells exhibited a longer in vivo blood circulation time compared with similar micelles but without α-glutamyl groups. The better stealth property of the micelles with α-glutamyl-terminated PEG shells was presumably attributed to the zwitterionic property of the α-glutamyl groups.

In this letter, a screen-printed LaB6 discontinuous film is coated on MgO thin film to improve the discharge properties of MgO protective layer in alternating current plasma display panel (AC PDP). High transmittance of is obtained by adjusting the concentration ratio of polycrystal LaB6 powders and organic solvent of screen-printed slurry. The LaB6/MgO double protective layer almost shows lower firing voltage and shorter discharge delay time than conventional MgO protective layer, likely owing to the low work function of LaB6. Therefore, it is highly suitable to be applied for AC PDP with low electrical power consumption.

Pyridine derivatives play an important role in curing and controlling mites, bacteria, weed and so on. Pyrimidine derivatives exist in a number of bioactive natural products, and they have anti-allergy, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal and some other properties. 3,4-Disubstituted thiophenes not only are important units for the synthesis of natural products, but also serve as key components in some biologically active compounds and material chemistry. In modern society, we have the urgent demand for achieving our products atom economicly and environment-friendly. Under this background, "atom-economy" reactions have been drawing great attention from many chemists-and they have got many exciting improvements since then. So, we want to make our own contributions to this area and the following are some of our preliminary results. Our method was based on synergistic application of eosin Y with nickel (II) complex and an external oxidant-free oxidative dehydrogenation aromatization has been developed. At room temperature, Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines, 1,4-dihydropyrimidines, 2,5-dihydrothiophenes and 2,5-dihydropyrroles were transformed into corresponding aromatic compounds in excellent yield under visible light irradiation via hydrogen evolution. We determined the hydrogen with GC-TCD using pure hydrogen as an external standard. It features very mild reaction conditions, high yields and excellent chemo-selectivity. In the previous reports, these transformations usually required higher temperatures and/or stronger oxidizing reagents, resulting in the generation of a large amount of by-products. In addition, the hydrogen evolution reactions were also compared with those of aerobic dehydrogenation. The results indicated that the dehydrogenation aromatizations of hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines and 1,4-dihydropyrimidine derivatives under the hydrogen evolution conditions proceeded in higher yields but very low conversions, while the reactions of 2,5-dihydrothiophenes and 2,5-dihydropyrroles gave higher conversions in the aerobic dehydrogenation conditions. So far, this is the first report using organic dye material combined with nickel (II) complexes to achieve dihydrogen dehydrogenation aromatization of heterocyclic compounds. Keywords eosin-Y; nickel complex; hydrogen evolution; aromatization

To establish and characterize imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) xenografts. Further provided an ideal experimental platform through the imatinib-resistant GIST xenografts to investigate the mechanism of resistance to imatinib.Imatinib-resistant GIST cells were injected under the skin of athymic nude mice to establish animal models of human imatinib-resistant GIST. The molecular and histopathologic features of GIST xenografts were also analysed and compared with their counterpart of cell lines.The xenograft tumor models had been established by subcutaneously injection of GIST cells into nude mice. Immunohistochemistry results showed CD117 expression was positive in GIST-PR2 xenograft tumor, but negative in GIST-R. In GIST-PR1, tumor areas showing rhabdomyoblastic differentiation were presented next to areas with classic GIST morphology. The rhabdomyoblastic component demonstrated consistently positivity for desmin and myogenin, whereas CD117 was completely negative. The mutation profiles of these xenograft tumors were the same as their counterpart of cell lines.Human GIST xenografts with mutation in c-kit have been established from imatinib-resistant GIST lines. Those models will enable further studies on mechanisms of resistance, combination therapies and allow testing of novel targeted therapies.

At present, how to select the length of the blanket on infinite deep pervious foundation has not been resolved, this paper mainly discuss the options of effective length for impervious blanket by set an mathematics model to calculate it, using a model experimentation to validate it, and the theory and the experiment get fine mutual verification. Moreover, considering the environments issue about pickle and swampy soil in practice, we put forward the conception of eco-length and method to calculate it about the blanket, the method is simple and useful.

Ambient particulate matters (PM) and allergenic pollens in urban atmosphere have taken negative effects on human health and air quality. Studies on synergistic effects between the two pollutants are being focused in disciplines, such as atmospheric sciences, environmental toxicology, and immunology. In this study, physicochemical characterization of airborne fine/ultrafine particles in Shanghai, China and ambient allergenic pollens (cedar) in Kanto, Japan were investigated. We found that allergenic protein particles (Ubisch body) with diameter less than 0.7 microm were absorbed on Japanese cedar pollen, and airborne particles which contained allergenic particles mainly distributed in1 microm size range. The highest mass concentration of chemical elements in Shanghai airborne particles was found in the 0.3-0.18 microm size range, but mass level of pollutant elements, such as S and Pb, in ambient in ultrafine (nano) particles were higher than that in coarse and fine particles. And also, pollen particles were found in Shanghai airborne particles. Synergistic effects between diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), which were the main component in urban airborne particles, and ambient pollens in urban atmosphere can be found, but their mechanism have not been clear. After our new results and other conclusions published recently on allergenic pollen and airborne fine/ultrafine particles were summarized, perspectives of this new discipline were presented.

A kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace cobalt(II) was established. It was based on the Co(II) catalyzing the discoloring reaction of malachite green by potassium periodate in the presence of HBO3-Na2B4O7 solution (pH = 8.5). The sensitivity of the method is 2.1 x 10(-10) g.mL-1. The range of determination is 0-0.8 microgram.25 mL-1. The apparent activation of catalytic reaction is 37.94 kJ.mol-1. The method has been applied to the determination of cobalt in tea leaf and injection of vitamin B12 samples with satisfactory results.