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To understand the pollution characteristics, spatial distribution characteristics, potential ecological risks, and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Dongjiang Lake, 12 surface sediment samples were collected from Dongjiang Lake. The contents of 20 heavy metals including Li, Be, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, Pb, and U were analyzed in this study. The geo-accumulation index method and potential risk index method were used to evaluate the pollution degree and potential risks of heavy metals in sediments, and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to trace the source of the primary heavy metals. The results showed that the average contents of

Twelve samples of heavy metals were analyzed by using a 1108A-1 mid-current particle sampler in Dalian, Liaoning Province, for 31 days before and after the spring festival 2019. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals were decreased by more than 25% during the spring festival, which was probably due to the shutdown of the factories and the decrease in people’s travel. During the spring festival, the concentration of Ba was increased by 343.39% as compared to the concentration of Ba before the spring festival, which indicated that the fireworks had a great influence on the concentration of Ba. At the same time, this study also evaluated the health risk of heavy metals. For the heavy metals As, Cd, Co, Cr, and Ni, the lifetime cancer risk was found to be 2.13 × 10−4, 2.08 × 10−5, 8.64 × 10−7, 4.39 × 10−4 and 7.93 × 10−7, respectively. The lifetime cancer risk of As, Cd, and Cr exceeds the threshold range of cancer risk (10−6–10−4), indicating that they are carcinogenic to humans. Also, during the spring festival, the non-carcinogenic risk value of V exceeded the limit value of environmental protection agency (EPA), and the lifetime carcinogenic risk value of As, Cd, and Cr exceeded the threshold range of carcinogenic risk; hence, they need to be carefully monitored and controlled.

In order to improve and establish the localized source profile of PM2.5 in Fuxin, the ashes under dust catcher were collected from four typical coal-fired power plants in Fuxin and twenty-eight components were measured. The source profile of PM2.5 in the soot of the four coal-fired power plants was established. SO42− was the most abundant component in the PM2.5 of the soot of the four coal-fired power plants, followed by Ca2+ and organic carbon (OC). The content of element components in PM2.5 smoke ranges from 5.06 to 10.97%, the content of ionic components ranges from 36.53 to 48.59%, and the total carbon content ranges from 9.43 to 11.36%. The divergence coefficient of PM2.5 source profile in Fuxin coal burning smoke is mostly similar to that of Fushun, whereas the divergence coefficient of Colorado reaches 0.65, indicating that Fuxin coal burning power plant smoke has no similarity to Colorado. The order of the geological accumulation index of Ni, Cu, V, Mn, and Cr was Cr (4.58) > Mn (4.42) > V (4.38) > Cu (4.09) > Ni (4.06), showing a heavy pollution level. The health risk assessment model recommended by the USEPA was used to assess the health risk of heavy metals in soot of coal-fired power plants, and the non-carcinogenic risk values of As for children and adults were 45.7 and 4.90, respectively. The carcinogenic risk values of Cr for adults and children were the highest, with values of 3.66 × 10−5 and 2.06 × 10−5, respectively, followed by As.

Excitatory toxicity(ET) is an important factor of neuropathic pain(NPP) induced by central sensitization(CS), and the association of pannexin-1(Panx1)-Src-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2 B(NMDAR-2 B) is an important new pathway for ET to initiate CS. The present study confirmed whether the central analgesic effect of Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract(CRE) was achieved through the synchronous regulation of the brain and spinal pathways of Panx1-Src-NMDAR-2 B. In this study, dynamic and simulta-neo-us microdialysis of the brain and spinal cord in vivo combined with behavioristics, high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-fluorescence detection, microdialysis analysis(ISCUS~(flex)), ultrasensitive multifactorial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, ELISA, and Western blot was employed to investigate the protein expression of NMDAR-2 B, Src, and Panx1, extracellular excitatory amino acids, cytokines, energy metabolites, and substance P in spinal dorsal horn(SDH) and anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) after CRE intervention with the rat model of spared sciatic nerve injury(SNI) as the experimental tool. Compared with the sham group, the SNI group exhibited diminished mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)(Plt;0.01), increased cold spray scores(Plt;0.01), glutamate(Glu), D-serine(D-Ser), and glycine(Gly) in extracellular fluids of ACC, and Glu, D-Ser, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and lactic acid(Lac) in extracellular fluids of SDH(Plt;0.05), dwindled tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)(Plt;0.05), and elevated protein levels of NMDAR-2 B, Src, and Panx1 in ACC(Plt;0.05). Compared with the SNI model rats, high-and medium-dose CRE(CRE-H/M) could potentiate the analgesic activity as revealed by the MWT test(Plt;0.05) and CRE-M enabled the decrease in cold spray scores(Plt;0.05). CRE-H/M could inhibit the levels of Glu, D-Ser and Gly in the extracellular fluids of ACC(Plt;0.05), and the levels of Glu in the extracellular fluids of SDH(Plt;0.05) in SNI rats. CRE-M significantly increased the levels of glucose(Gluc), Lac, interferon-gamma(IFN-γ), keratinocyte chemoattractant/human growth-regulated oncogenes(KC/GRO), and IL-4 in extracellular fluids of SDH in SNI rats(Plt;0.05). CRE-H/M/L could also inhibit the levels of NMDAR-2 B, Src and Panx1 in ACC and SDH in SNI rats(Plt;0.05). The central analgesic effect of CRE is presumedly related to the inhibited release of excitatory amino acid transmitters(Glu, D-Ser and Gly) in ACC and SDH of SNI rats, decreased protein expression of NMDAR-2 B, Src and Panx1 in the two regions, and the regulation of the Panx1-Src-NMDAR-2 B pathway in the spinal cord and brain. The above findings partially clarified the scientific basis of clinical analgesic effect of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.

On the basis of the qualitative preparation quality markers of Yulian Decoction, we screened out the quantitative markers and explored a general strategy for analyzing the component migration in Chinese herbal pieces, preparations, and plasma. A method capable of simultaneously determining 28 chemical components in Yulian Decoction was established based on HPLC-MS/MS. This method was used to determine the migrated components in herbal pieces-lyophilized powder preparations-rat plasma after administration of Yulian Decoction. Liquid chromatography was performed under the following conditions: C_(18)-reversed phase chromatographic column(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm); acetonitrile-water(containing 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase for gradient elution; the flow rate of 0.2 mL·min~(-1). Electrospray ionization source was adopted for mass spectrometry detection, in which positive and negative ion modes and multiple reaction monitoring were applied. Confirmed by the methodological investigation in linear range, recovery(95.48%-103.4%), precision(RSD, 0.45%-3.8%), stability, and repeatability(RSD, 5.6%-14%), the established method was suitable for the detection and quantification of the components in Yulian Decoction. The results showed that in the lyophilized powder of Yulian Decoction, berberine was greater than 5% in mass fraction, magnoflorine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, and limonin in the range of 1%-5%, and dehydroevodiamine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, costunolide, and dehydrocostus lactone in the range of 0.002%-1%. Of the 28 components detected in pieces, 27 were found to migrate to the lyophilized powder, and 11 were detected in rat plasma. Fifteen components were preliminarily determined as quantitative preparation quality markers for Yulian Decoction, including berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, limonin, costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, groenlandicine, chlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid. In conclusion, the HPLC-MS/MS general strategy was established for analyzing the migration of multiple components in Chinese herbal pieces, preparations, and plasma, which can provide the basis for the screening of quantitative preparation quality markers and multi-index quality control of Yulian Decoction.

The fundamental challenge for creating the crystal structure model used in a multi-principle element design is the ideal combination of atom components, structural stability, and deformation behavior. However, most of the multi-principle element alloys contain expensive metallic and rare earth elements, which could limit their applicability. Here, a novel design of low-cost AlCrTiFeNi multi-principle element alloy is presented to study the relationship of structure, deformation behavior, and micro-mechanism. This structured prediction of single-phase AlCrTiFeNi by the atomic-size difference, mixing enthalpy ΔHmix and valence electron concentration (VEC), indicate that we can choose the bcc-structured solid solution to design the AlCrTiFeNi multi-principle element alloy. Structural stability prediction by density functional theory calculations (DFT) of single phases has verified that the most advantageous atom occupancy position is (FeCrNi)(AlFeTi). The experimental results showed that the structure of AlCrTiFeNi multi-principle element alloy is bcc1 + bcc2 + L12 phases, which we propose as the fundamental reason for the high strength. Our findings provide a new route by which to design and obtain multi-principle element alloys with targeted properties based on the theoretical predictions, first-principles calculations, and experimental verification.

Recurrent connections are thought to be a common feature of the neural circuits that encode memories, but how memories are laid down in such circuits is not fully understood. Here we present evidence that courtship memory in Drosophila relies on the recurrent circuit between mushroom body gamma (MBγ), M6 output, and aSP13 dopaminergic neurons. We demonstrate persistent neuronal activity of aSP13 neurons and show that it transiently potentiates synaptic transmission from MBγ>M6 neurons. M6 neurons in turn provide input to aSP13 neurons, prolonging potentiation of MBγ>M6 synapses over time periods that match short-term memory. These data support a model in which persistent aSP13 activity within a recurrent circuit lays the foundation for a short-term memory.

In order to effectively control pollution of sources of drinking water, improve the environmental quality of drinking water and guarantee the sanitation of drinking water, it is very important to assess water source quality. Main factors of drinking water were identified. Then principal component analysis was used to establish assessment model of drinking water, which could ensure that under the condition that the primitive data information was in the smallest loss, a small number of variables were used to replace the integrated multi-dimensional variables to simplify the data structure. The weightings of principal component were determinated as theirs pollution ratios. This paper was based on the theoretical study of principal component analysis, used the monitoring data on water quality of the main water resources in 2013 to evaluate and analyze the water quality of water resources. Analysis content included the main affecting factors, cause of pollution and the degree of pollution.The resulted showed that: the main affecting factors on water quality of Fo Si water source was CODMn, TP, fluoride.

Astrocyte-like glial cells are abundant in the central nervous system of adult Drosophila and exhibit morphology similar to astrocytes of mammals. Previous evidence has shown that astrocyte-like glial cells are strongly associated with synapses in the antennal lobe (AL), the first relay of the olfactory system, where olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) transmit information into projection neurons (PNs). However, the function of astrocyte-like glia in the AL remains obscure. In this study, using in vivo calcium imaging, we found that astrocyte-like glial cells exhibited spontaneous microdomain calcium elevations. Using simultaneous manipulation of glial activity and monitoring of neuronal function, we found that the astrocyte-like glial activation, but not ensheathing glial activation, could inhibit odor-evoked responses of PNs. Ensheathing glial cells are another subtype of glia, and are of functional importance in the AL. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that astrocyte-like glial activation decreased the amplitude and slope of excitatory postsynaptic potentials evoked through electrical stimulation of the antennal nerve. These results suggest that astrocyte-like glial cells may regulate olfactory processing through negative regulation of ORN-PN synaptic strength. Beyond the antennal lobe we observed astrocyte-like glial spontaneous calcium activities in the ventromedial protocerebrum, indicating that astrocyte-like glial spontaneous calcium elevations might be general in the adult fly brain. Overall, our study demonstrates a new function for astrocyte-like glial cells in the physiological modulation of olfactory information transmission, possibly through regulating ORN-PN synapse strength.

Beta amyloid (Aβ42)-induced dysfunction and loss of synapses are believed to be major underlying mechanisms for the progressive loss of learning and memory abilities in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The vast majority of investigations on AD-related synaptic impairment focus on synaptic plasticity, especially the decline of long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission caused by extracellular Aβ42. Changes in other aspects of synaptic and neuronal functions are less studied or undiscovered. Here, we report that intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ42 induced an age-dependent slowing of neuronal transmission along pathways involving multiple synapses.

This study aimed to analyze the analgesic effect and related central mechanisms of CQ prescription on cancer invasion induced mirror image pain (CIIMIP)in model mice.In the study, male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group, operation control group (injected with 0.2 mL inactivated S180 sarcoma cell sap), model group (injected with 0.2 mL S180 sarcoma cell sap on the right leg near the greater trochanter of femur) and CQ prescription low dose group (intraperitoneally injected with CQ prescription 100 mg•kg⁻¹ on the basis of model mice), CQ prescription middle dose group (intraperitoneally injected with CQ prescription 150 mg•kg⁻¹ on the basis of model mice), and CQ prescription high dose group (intraperitoneally injected with CQ prescription 200 mg•kg⁻¹ on the basis of model mice). Mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) of the mirror image lateral hind paws were evaluated by Von Frey hairs before modeling and after surgery. The levels of glutamate (Glu), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine (Gly), and taurine (Tau) in the L3-L5 spinal cord were measured by the high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD); AimPlex detection technology with multiple factors was used to detect the levels of regulated on activation in normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-3) in the L3-L5 spinal cord. Then we observed the influence of GABAa receptor antagonist (Bicuculline) on analgesic effect of CQ prescription.The results indicated that CQ prescription could remarkably increase MWT of model mice(P0.01, P0.05), decrease the level of Glu(P0.01, P0.05), improve the levels of GABA, Gly, Tau(P0.01, P0.05), lower the ratio of Glu/GABA(P0.01, P0.05), and reduce the levels of RANTES, MCP-3(P0.05) in the L3-L5 spinal cord, and GABAa receptor antagonist significantly blocked the analgesic effect of CQ prescription at two time points(P0.05).This study showed that CQ prescription had significant analgesic effect on CIIMIP model mice, and its mechanism was associated with regulating the balance between excitability amino acid(EAA) and inhibitory amino acid (IAA) transmitters in central nervous system, partially activating GABAa receptor, and reducing the release of RANTES and MCP-3 in the spinal cord.

Many biotic and abiotic stresses can cause oxidative stress in plants. The identification of components involved in plant response to oxidative stress has attracted wide attention. The members of AtSRO family, including AtRCD1, AtSRO1, and AtSRO5, regulate plants' response to oxidative stress. AtSROs participate in plant normal growth and development, and play important roles in plant response to stresses, such as drought, salt, heavy metal, and so on. In addition, AtSROs possess some special domains, including PARP and RST. It is speculated that AtSROs may function in regulating protein transcription, adjustment, and modification. This review highlights some recent progresses, such as basic situation of AtSROs, effects of AtSRO family proteins on plant growth and response to abiotic stress, which will provide a theoretical basis for further studying on biological functions of AtSRO.

Fractured horizontal well is the important means for the development of tight gas reservoirs. Based on the geologic characteristics of the tight gas reservoir, a pressure transient model for fractured horizontal wells is established by the Green functions and Newman product principle. The model considers the seepage resistances and the inferences from fractures each other. Practical application presents the pressure changes and flow rate distribution of fractures at non-steady state and quasi-steady state, and the suggestions for field operation are given as well.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is attributable to synapse dysfunction and loss, but the nature and progression of the presynaptic structural and functional changes in AD are essentially unknown. We expressed wild-type or arctic form of β amyloid1-42(Aβ) in a small group of neurons in the adult fly and performed extensive time course analysis of the function and structure of both axon and presynaptic terminals at the identified single-neuron level. Aβ accumulated intracellularly and induced a range of age-dependent changes, including depletion of presynaptic mitochondria, slowdown of bi-directional transports of axonal mitochondria, decreased synaptic vesicles, increased large vacuoles, and elevated synaptic fatigue. These structural and functional synaptic changes correlated with age-dependent deficit in motor behavior. All these alterations were accelerated in flies expressing the arctic form of Aβ. The depletion of presynaptic mitochondria was the earliest detected phenotype and was not caused by the change in axonal transport of mitochondria. Moreover, axonal mitochondria exhibited a dramatic reduction in number but a significant increase in size in aged Aβ-expressing flies, indicating a global depletion of mitochondria in the neuron and an impairment of mitochondria fission. These results suggest that Aβ accumulation depletes presynaptic and axonal mitochondria, leading to other presynaptic deficits.

Based on analyzing the interconnection and dynamics of poverty of city air system, assessment elements and theirs uncertainty were identified. Then assessment criterion of city air quality factors was formulated by established descending half of trapezium function. Factors’ weight was computed according to entropy technology which was put forward as an innovation in this paper. Because entropy technology was good at making using of adequate information and degree of order inner the initial factors’ monitoring values. Fuzzy comprehensive model based on entropy technology for air quality assessment was established by improving the method of computing factors’ weights. Finally, the new model was applied to assess air quality of Fuxin city in 2009, which showed that assessment result coincided with objective air quality condition of Fuxin city greatly.

In order to obtain effective parameters for complex sand reservoirs, a log evaluation method for relevant reservoir parameters is established based on an analysis in the gas-bearing sandstone with high porosity and low permeability, low porosity and permeability and on various characteristics of log responses to reservoir lithologies and physical properties in the Neopleozoic sand reservoir of the Ordos basin. This log evaluation method covers the Cook method that is used to evaluate the porosity and oiliness in high porosity and low permeability reservoirs and another method in which the mineral content, derived from geochemical logs, is used to identify formation lithologies. Some areas have high calcium and low silt content, not uniformly distributed, the results of which show up in the complex formation lithologies and conventional log responses with great deviation. The reliability of the method is verified by comparison with conventional log data and core analyses. The calculation results coincide with the core analytical data and gas tests, which indicate that this log evaluation method is available, provides novel ideas for study of similar complex reservoir lithologies and has some reference value.

Multiple factors have been reported as affecting the prognosis, and they affect the therapeutic outcomes of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Most studies focus on patients receiving combined-modality therapy, whereas there are few studies that focus on patients undergoing surgery alone. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for disease relapse and unfavorable prognosis in stage I NSCLC patients treated with surgery alone. A total of 315 stage I NSCLC patients who were treated with surgery alone as the definitive therapy were identified. Risk factors for disease relapse and unfavorable prognosis were estimated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Sex, tumor pathologic stage, and cavitating lung cancer were identified as independent risk factors for relapse and overall survival using the multivariate analysis. Sex, tumor pathologic stage, and cavitating lung cancer were identified as independent risk factors for early relapse, and sex and cavitating lung cancer were independent risk factors for late relapse. Tumor cavitation, pathologic stage IB, and being male are predictors of poor outcome for patients with stage I NSCLC who undergo resection.

3-[Bis(alkylthio)methylene]pentane-2,4-diones (1a and 1b) have been investigated as nonthiolic and odorless thiol equivalents for thia-Michael addition reactions under solvent-free conditions. Promoted by HCl (aq.), the cleavage of compounds 1 took place, and the in-situ generated thiols underwent facile conjugate addition to α?β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 2 affording the corresponding ????????-keto sulfides 3 in high yields.

A liquid crystalline gelator containing the azobenzene chromophore was synthesized for the first time; it was used to form self-assembled network in nematic liquid crystals resulting in liquid crystal gels with distinct features.

Two ZnII complexes, [Zn2(L)2(DMF)(H2O)2]·DMF (1) and [Zn(L)(DEF)]·DEF (2), were synthesized by solvothermal reactions using 4,4′-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene1,4-diyl)dibenzoic acid (H2L) and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O in different solvents of DMF, ethanol, and water for 1 and N,N-diethylformamide (DEF) for 2. The L2− with different coordination modes connect [Zn2(COO)2] secondary building units (SBUs) to generate a wavy 2-D (4,4) network of 1 while in 2 there are paddlewheel [Zn2(COO)4] SBUs which are connected by L2− to form a planar 2-D (4,4) network. The 2-D layered structures show different stacking arrangements and are further linked by hydrogen bonding or C–H⋯π interactions to give 3-D architectures. The different structures and stacking arrangements of 1 and 2 result from different reaction solvents. Photoluminescence properties of the complexes were investigated.

The roots of Ophiopogon japonicus are moderately thick, usually with tuberous part near middle or tip. Leaves are basal, tufted, sessile, grasslike, generally 10–50 cm × 2–4 mm, 3–7-veined and margin serrulate. Scape is 6–15(–27) cm, much shorter than leaves. Inflorescencea is a reduced panicle, 2–5 cm, several to more than 10-flowered; bracts lanceolate, basal one 7–8 mm. Flowers are solitary or paired, usually nodding; pedicel is 3–4 mm, articulate is near middle. Tepals are white or purplish, lanceolate, ca. 5 × 2 mm. Filaments are very short; anthers are 2.5–3 mm.

N. Gaertn., belonging to the Waterlily family (Nymphaeaceae), is a kind of perennial aquatic herbage plant, which is one of the most important aquatic vegetables widely growing in China due to its pleasant flavor and high nutritional value, especially its seeds, rhizomes and leaves. It’s easy to be cultivated and is distributed in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical Asia from Iran to Japan and from China to Queensland.

Fourteen compounds were isolated by column chromatography from the ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Brassica campestris. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis. The isolated compounds were respectively identified as (5Z,7E)-4, 4-dimethyl-5-acetyl-5, 7-nonadienoic acid (1), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2), blumenol A (3), vinylsyringol (4), sinapinic acid (5), sinapic acid ethyl ester (6), protocatechuic acid (7), crinosterol (8), campesterol (9), 7-oxo-stigmasterol (10), kaempferol (11), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (12), syringic acid (13) and daucosterol (14). Compound 1 was a new compound and the other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time except for compounds 4, 5 and 13.

The fine structure of enoxaparin sodium samples with different degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives were analyzed with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A further study of anticoagulation activity of enoxaparins was performed, including those on their inhibition activities of coagulation factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin (FIIa). The results showed that the anti-FXa and -FIIa activities of enoxaparins with different degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives (20.0%-39.7%) with similar structure characteristics, had decreasing tendency when the degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives increased. Especially, the anti-FXa activity was sensitive to the change of the degree of 1,6-anhydro derivatives.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination compounds with infinite structures consisting of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands linked through coordination interactions. The reported studies prove the fact that the nature of the organic ligands dominates the final structures as well as properties of functional MOFs in a certain way. Therefore, we focus on discussing the ligands to fabricate functional MOFs which are suitable for catalysis and the storage of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. With the development of functional MOFs, diverse N- or O-donor ligands have been designed. However, sometimes just one ligand containing only one kind of N- or O-donor cannot realize the specific functionality of frameworks. Thus it is necessary to design a ligand containing N- and O-donors simultaneously or mixed ligands with the same or different donors. In this highlight we summarize some common types of mixed donors or mixed organic ligands used in the construction of functional MOFs and discuss the relationship between the organic ligands and the final structures.

To observe the effect of synchronous perfusion of specific respiratory chain complex IV inhibitor sodium azide (NaN3) in brain on rat ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) contents in hippocampal extra-cellular fluid, and establish the AD rat model induced by mitochondrial acute injury.The synchronous dual-probe dual-channel brain microdialysis sampling technology was applied to synchronously perfuse modified Ringer's solution containing NaN3 (50 micro mol L-1) and neostigmine (2 micro mol L-1) into mPFC and hippocampus of conscious, freely moving normal rats, and continuously collect dialysates from different encephalic areas. Dynamic contents of ACh and Ch were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-post-column immobilized enzyme reactor-electrochemical process.ACh and Ch contents in mPFC extracellular fluid of normal rats were higher than that in hippocampus. During the process of perfusion, NaN3 could significantly reduce ACh in mPFC/hippocampal extra-cellular fluid, but remarkably increase Ch, and constantly inhibit the recovery of ACh and Ch contents in mPFC/hippocampus.The synchronous perfusion of NaN3in rat mPFC and hippocampus can injure functions of the cholinergic nerve projection area, and cause the acute AD model with ACh and Ch metabolic disorders. This model can be used in pathogenetic and pharmacological studies.

To observe the analgesic effect of CQM on photochemically-induced prosopalgia model rats, and discuss its impact on the exciting amino acid neurotransmitter-glutamate (Glu).Male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group and the prosopalgia group. And the latter was subdivided into the model group, the gabapentin group (100 mg kg(-1)), and the CQM low-dose (35 mg x kg(-1)) and CQM high-dose (70 mg x kg(-1)) groups. The mechanical allodynia test was adopted to evaluate the pain behavior of rats, and reflect the efficacy with the mechanical withdrawal thresholds. The rat striatum extra-cellular fluid was collected by brain micro-dialysis. The Glu level of samples was measured by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescene detector (HPLC-FLD).Compared to the control group, the threshold of the mechanical allodynia of the IoN injury group was decreased significantly (P0.05), and the concentration of Glu was increased dramatically (P0.05). Compared to the model group, the mechanical allodynia of photochemically-induced prosopalgia model rats increased significantly (P0.01), with a notable increase in brain Glu concentration (P0.05). Compared with the model group, all of mechanical withdrawal thresholds increased. Among them, the CQM high-dose group showed a remarkably growth at three time points (P0.05), with the maximum up to (23 +/- 7.3) g. And the gabapentin group showed a remarkably growth at two time points (P0.05), with the maximum up to (20.5 +/- 9.2) g. All of the drug groups showed significantly lower Glu concentrations in rat brains than the model group (P0.05).CQM can ease the mechanical allodynia of photochemically-induced prosopalgia model rats. Its analgesic effect may be related to the decrease of Glu concentrations in striatum extra-cellular fluid.

Many biotic and abiotic stresses can cause oxidative stress in plants. The identification of components involved in plant response to oxidative stress has attracted wide attention. The members of AtSRO family, including AtRCD1, AtSRO1, and AtSRO5, regulate plants' response to oxidative stress. AtSROs participate in plant normal growth and development, and play important roles in plant response to stresses, such as drought, salt, heavy metal, and so on. In addition, AtSROs possess some special domains, including PARP and RST. It is speculated that AtSROs may function in regulating protein transcription, adjustment, and modification. This review highlights some recent progresses, such as basic situation of AtSROs, effects of AtSRO family proteins on plant growth and response to abiotic stress, which will provide a theoretical basis for further studying on biological functions of AtSRO.

To study the chemical constituents, twenty-seven compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract from leaves of Nelumbo nucifera by modern chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified as 10-octacosanol (1), beta-sitosterol (2), 1-undecanol (3), 1-eicosanol (4), daucosterol (5), 6'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxychalcone (6), 3,7,8-trimethoxy-1-hydroxy-xanthone (7), rhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (9), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (11), hyperoside (12), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (13), astragalin (14), isorhamnetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1--6)-[alpha-D-lyxopyranosyl-(1 --2) -beta-D-glucopyranoside] (15), isorhamnetin-3-O-alpha-D-lyxopyranosyl-(1 --2) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (16), isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (17), isorhamnetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (18), quercetin (19), kaempferol (20), dehydronuciferine (21), roemerine (22), stigmast-7-en-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (23), stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol (24), and benzene-1,2-diol (25) on the basis of spectral data analysis. Compounds 1, 6, 7, 8, 24 and 25 were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 15-18 were isolated from the leaves for the first time. Compounds 6, 8, 10, 11, 13 and 15 showed inhibitory activities against beta amyloid (1-42) by A-beta aggregation method with inhibition rates of (63.99 +/- 24.29)%, (79.61 +/- 4.49)%, (49.96 +/- 12.61)%, (101.19 +/- 8.19)%, (88.41+/-6.76)% and (72.48 +/- 8.97)%, respectively.

Two S-containing MOFs, interpenetrating IFMC-27 and non-interpenetrating IFMC-28, were synthesized by altering solvent size. The nanoporous IFMC-28 reveals high selective adsorption for Cu2+ ions and has been applied as a chromatographic column for separating transition metal ions for the first time.

To assess the use of dezocine combined with propofol for the anesthetization of patients undergoing indolent colonoscopy.A cross-sectional survey of patients undergoing indolent colonoscopy in the Xinjiang People's Hospital was conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2015. The survey collected patient general information and anesthesia data, including overall medical experience and pain management. Thirty minutes after colonoscopy surgery, samples of venous blood were collected and the biochemical indicators of gastrointestinal function were analyzed.There were 98 female and 62 male respondents. Indolent colonoscopy was found to be more suitable for mid to older-aged patients. The necessary conditions for the diagnosis of digestive diseases were required in 65 of the 73 inpatients. Adverse reactions to the intraoperative process included two cases of body movement and two cases of respiratory depression. Gastrin and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels were slightly increased. However, somatostatin and endothelin levels were slightly decreased.This study revealed that dezocine combined with propofol can be successfully used for the anesthetization of indolent colonoscopy patients without pain and should be widely used.

The accumulation of beta amyloid (A beta) can cause synaptic impairments, but the characteristics and mechanisms of the synaptic impairment induced by the accumulation of A beta in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. In identified single neurons in a newly developed Drosophila AD model, in which A beta accumulates intraneuronally, we found an age-dependent reduction in the synaptic vesicle release probability that was associated with a decrease in the density of presynaptic calcium channel clusters and an increase in the presynaptic and postsynaptic contact length. Moreover, these alterations occurred in the absence of presynaptic bouton loss. In addition, we found that A beta expression also produced an age-dependent decrease in the amount of Bruchpilot (Brp), which plays an important role in controlling Ca2+ channel clustering and synaptic vesicle release in the presynaptic active zone. Our study indicates that the chronic accumulation of intraneuronal A beta can induce functional and structural changes in the presynaptic active zone prior to a loss of presynaptic buttons in the same neuron. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

SummaryFemales of many animal species emit chemical signals that attract and arouse males for mating. For example, the major aphrodisiac pheromone of Drosophila melanogaster females, 7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD), is a potent inducer of male-specific courtship and copulatory behaviors. Here, we demonstrate that a set of gustatory sensory neurons on the male foreleg, defined by expression of the ppk23 marker, respond to 7,11-HD. Activity of these neurons is required for males to robustly court females or to court males perfumed with 7,11-HD. Artificial activation of these ppk23+ neurons stimulates male-male courtship even without 7,11-HD perfuming. These data identify the ppk23+ sensory neurons as the primary targets for female sex pheromones in Drosophila.

Firstly, this paper analyzed the factors which affect our mobile payment by analytic hierarchy process and entropy value method. Secondly, we use the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate operating performance of the three companies in mobile payment. From the results of the evaluation, we know that the consumer level and economic level are the most important two factors. The operational performance of relevant enterprises in China is between middle and good. Mobile payment is still has much developing space in China.

We investigate the surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) behavior of silver niobate (AgNbO3) experimentally and theoretically. Result shows that the localized SPRs (LSPRs) of AgNbO3 combining with its interband transitions enlarge the absorption band across the whole ultraviolet-visible range. The LSPRs behavior in visible-light is mainly ascribed to the metal-like state of silver ion and self-assembled microstructures of AgNbO3 microcrystal. The ab initio density functional theory calculations are carried out to obtain the further insight of the SPRs behaviors. Theoretical study indicates that the Ag atoms are weakly bound in the perovskite structure, leading to a metal-like state, which was the key factor to SPRs behavior of AgNbO3.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination compounds with infinite structures consisting of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands linked through coordination interactions. The reported studies prove the fact that the nature of the organic ligands dominates the final structures as well as properties of functional MOFs in a certain way. Therefore, we focus on discussing the ligands to fabricate functional MOFs which are suitable for catalysis and the storage of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. With the development of functional MOFs, diverse N- or O-donor ligands have been designed. However, sometimes just one ligand containing only one kind of N- or O-donor cannot realize the specific functionality of frameworks. Thus it is necessary to design a ligand containing N- and O-donors simultaneously or mixed ligands with the same or different donors. In this highlight we summarize some common types of mixed donors or mixed organic ligands used in the construction of functional MOFs and discuss the relationship between the organic ligands and the final structures.

Three new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) {[Zn(L)(HCOO)(H2O)]·H2O}n (1), {Cd(L)2}n (2) and {Co(L)(BDC)0.5(H2O)}n (3) [HL = 3,5-di(pyridine-4-yl)benzoic acid, H2BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid] were synthesized by hydro/solvothermal reactions and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy, powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 is a two-dimensional (2D) network with {63} topology, which is further assembled into a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular architecture through hydrogen bonding interactions. Complex 2 is a 2-fold interpenetrating 3D framework with a point (Schlafli) symbol of {63}{67·83}, while 3 is a 3D net formed by interpenetration of 2D bilayers (2D + 2D → 3D) with a point (Schlafli) symbol of {63}{66}. Selective and hysteretic sorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) was found for 3 at 195 K, and the photoluminescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated.