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Due to the huge impact of temperature on mechanical and tribological properties of polymer composites, polyimide composites reinforced with glass fiber and aramid fiber were fabricated. The composites were treated by the alternate temperature from-50 °C to 150 °C with 200 cycles. The comparation of the test results were analyzed and discussed before and after alternate temperature treatment.

HIV-1 is a highly host-specific retrovirus that infects humans but not most nonhuman primates. Thus, the lack of a suitable primate model that can be directly infected with HIV-1 hinders HIV-1/AIDS research. In the previous study, we have found that the northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs) are susceptible to HIV-1 infection but show a nonpathogenic state. In this study, to understand this macaque–HIV-1 interaction, we assembled a de novo genome and longitudinal transcriptome for this species during the course of HIV-1 infection. Using comparative genomic analysis, a positively selected gene, Toll-like receptor 8, was identified with a weak ability to induce an inflammatory response in this macaque. In addition, an interferon-stimulated gene, interferon alpha inducible protein 27, was upregulated in acute HIV-1 infection and acquired an enhanced ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication compared with its human ortholog. These findings coincide with the observation of persistently downregulated immune activation and low viral replication and can partially explain the AIDS-free state in this macaque following HIV-1 infection. This study identified a number of unexplored host genes that may hamper HIV-1 replication and pathogenicity in NPMs and provided new insights into the host defense mechanisms in cross-species infection of HIV-1. This work will facilitate the adoption of NPM as a feasible animal model for HIV-1/AIDS research.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular calcification (VC) is considered to be an important initiating risk factor of cardiovascular events, which contributes to the leading cause of death in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. VC has a high incidence and has been reported to predict the mortality of MHD patients. Inspired by an extreme example of VC in dialysis patients, calciphylaxis (which involves extensive calcification of small- and medium- arteries with poor prognosis), we hypothesized that VC of branches was a better predictor of mortality than abdominal aortic calcification. Therefore, a cohort study based on MHD patients was constructed to investigate the distribution characteristics of VC, compare the predictive value of VC on mortality among different arteries, and explore a comprehensive model predicting mortality. METHOD A total of 1583 patients in our Blood Purification Center from January 2015 to September 2017 were screened, and 237 eligible patients were finally included. Abdominal-pelvic computed tomography images were collected and an open-source software 3D Slicer (version 4.11) was used to calculate the calcification volume in abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric artery, renal artery, common iliac artery and internal iliac artery. Demographic and clinical data including medical history and some laboratory indexes were collected. Patients were followed-up until all-cause death or September 2020. Cause of death and survival time were recorded in detail. The area under the curve (AUC) of Time-dependent receiver operating curves (ROC) was calculated to evaluate the predictive value of arterial calcification. 80% of cases were randomly assigned to the training dataset and the remaining were assigned to the validation dataset. Lasso regression was performed to screen variables. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to construct the predicting model and nomogram. C-index, calibration and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the comprehensive model. SPSS software (version 26.0) and R software (version 4.1.2) perform statistical analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of total VC is 95.36%. Among the abdominal arteries, abdominal aortic calcification is the most prevalent (88.61%), followed by calcification of internal iliac artery (85.65%) and common iliac artery (80.17%). Median survival time was 37.00 (1.00–70.00) months. The 1-year survival rate, 3-year survival rate and 5-year survival rate were 73.42%, 50.01% and 35.43%, respectively. Cardiovascular disease accounts for 54.01% of the death cause. AUC of Time-dependent ROC by internal iliac artery and mesenteric artery calcification for predicting mortality is significantly higher than that of other arterial calcification. Internal iliac artery calcification (IIAC) was screened out as the most representative predictor for all-cause death among the calcification of arterial calcification by lasso regression. When analyzing IIAC and other clinical data, age (hazard ratio 1.03, P CONCLUSION This is the first study evaluating the calcification volume of abdominal aortic branches and comparing their predictive values. In conclusion, calcification of abdominal aortic branches, especially internal iliac artery, is a better predictor for mortality of HD patients than abdominal aortic calcification. Our concern with calcification of large arteries in MHD patients needs to be shifted to smaller branch arteries.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Warfarin is a common anticoagulant drug. How to effectively reduce vascular calcification induced by warfarin while ensuring its anticoagulant effect is an urgent problem to be solved. Previous studies have found that warfarin enhances the expression and activity of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which mediates communication between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix vesicles (MVs) are the center of hydroxyapatite crystal precipitation, which is released to ECM and interacts with ECM protein to initiate mineralization and form calcification core. This study observed the role of the warfarin-TG2-MVs axis in vascular calcification by culturing VSMCs in vitro. METHOD VSMCs were cultured in normal or osteogenic medium (OM) and stimulated with 10 μm warfarin for 3–14 days. The expressions of SM22α, Runx2, ALP, OPN and OPG were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Alizarin red and von Kossa staining were performed to evaluate calcification, and calcium content was determined. Meanwhile, the expression and activity of TG2 were detected. Differential centrifugation was used to extract MVs and evaluate their release. Type I collagen was coated in the culture dish to determine the calcification of MV-collagen. RESULTS Warfarin stimulation promoted transdifferentiation of VSMCs, and the expression of osteogenic factors Runx2, ALPL and OPN were increased, while the expression of SM22α and calcification inhibitor OPG were decreased. When using OM, the above trend was more obvious. Alizarin red and von Kossa staining were performed when the cells were cultured for 14 days. The results of calcium staining in the warfarin intervention group were all positive. Warfarin promoted the expression and activity of TG2, and it gradually increased with the extension of the intervention time. The same number of cells were cultured for 7 days under different stimuli, and the medium was changed every other day. Then, the supernatant was collected for differential centrifugation. The amount of MVs produced by the warfarin and OM groups was significantly higher than that of other groups, and the ability to mineralize of MVs in type I collagen was increased. CONCLUSION Warfarin increased the expression and activity of TG2, promoted the release of MVs from VSMCs, and further cross-linked ECM to aggravate vascular calcification.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Calciphylaxis is a rare life-threatening syndrome. Although sodium thiosulfate (STS) showed clinical improvement, some patients presented with serious adverse events and withdrew from treatment. The optimized STS approach included four features: repeated treatment courses, small initial dose, once daily, and escalating low-to-moderate dose. The optimized STS approach, named ‘Zhong Da STS Therapy’ (Zhong Da: the name of a hospital, affiliated with Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China), was generalized with four features: repeated treatment courses, small initial dose, daily medicine, and daily escalating low-to-moderate dose of STS. STS from the initial dose (5 g) was administered intravenously once daily escalating to the highest daily dose as a maintenance dose (no more than 10 g). This study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of optimized STS therapy for calciphylaxis in China. METHOD The medical records of maintenance hemodialysis or CKD patients who were first diagnosed with calciphylaxis and received STS treatment at Zhong Da Hospital affiliated to Southeast University between October 2017 and October 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. The exclusion criteria of this retrospective study were death at the time of diagnosis (retrospectively confirmed cases) and did not receive the optimized STS approach treatment. The data to evaluate the efficacy included the changes in skin lesions, pain relief, survival rate and laboratory data. Adverse events were summarized as safety parameters. RESULTS The mean age was 51.10 ± 14.85 years old and 71% of patients were male. By October 2019, 87.1% of patients survived, 74.2% markedly improved and 41.9% of patients were followed up for more than 1 year with 100% survival. About 27 (87.10%) patients had typical skin lesions with 66.70% ulceration and skin lesions showed a predominantly peripheral distribution. After the first course, skin lesions improved by 77.8%, and 38.1% of pain sufferers were free from analgesics. The reduction of the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (P CONCLUSION Optimized STS therapy is a promising approach for calciphylaxis patients because it is relatively safe and associated with good outcomes.

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.

Background: Protein-energy wasting (PEW) and inflammation have been recognized as two major factors associated with the poor prognosis of patients with maintenance haemodialysis (MHD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral fat based high-energy supplements (Fresubin) on malnutrition and inflammation in MHD patients. Method: This study was open-label, prospective, nonrandomized and comparative. A total of 47 MHD patients with PEW were randomly assigned into 2 groups: a control group, and a Fresubin treatment group, in which patients received daily diet intake and Fresubin nutrient support 120 mL/d for 80 days. Laboratory data and anthropometric parameters were measured. Result: The results showed that compared with baseline, the level of serum albumin at 80 d in the Fresubin treatment group was significantly increased (35.4 ± 3.7 vs 38.9 ± 2.9, p = 0.003), while there was no significant difference in the control group. In addition, the magnitudes of changes in albumin (p = 0.009), serum prealbumin (p = 0.017), and abdominal circumference (p = 0.037) in the Fresubin treatment group were markedly increased compared with those in the control group. There was a downward trend in the inflammatory marker hypersensitive C-reactive protein in the Fresubin group (p =0.056), which decreased more dramatically than that in the control group (p = 0.026). Conclusion: Fresubin treatment is well tolerated, and improves malnutrition and inflammatory status in MHD patients with PEW.

Growing evidences have confirmed the effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan (SV) on antihypertension and cardiac protection in general population. However, there was no prospective study about the effect and safety of SV on resistant hypertension and myocardial work in hemodialysis patients. In this single-center, prospective, before-after study, enrolled patients were endured with resistant hypertension for more than 6 months. Participants were initially instructed to take SV 50 mg twice daily, and the dosage was gradually increased up to 100 mg twice daily. The primary outcomes were blood pressure (BP) control, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), myocardial work (MW), fatigue and life quality. In addition, the adverse events were also recorded in this cohort. A total of 18 patients (34-64 years old) was finally enrolled and completed in this study. The SV-based regimen provided significantly mean sitting systolic BP (msSBP) and mean sitting diastolic BP (msDBP) reductions from baseline (-20.7/-8.3 mm Hg), respectively. The cardiac remodeling parameters were partially improved. Compared to the baseline, NT-proBNP was significantly reduced at week 4 (8119.50 [3710.75, 29300] pg/ml to 7216.50 [4124.75, 17455.00] pg/ml, p = .046), which was much lower at week 12 (3130.50 [2244.50, 9565.70] pg/ml, p = .037). Global MW index was higher at week 12 compared to the baseline (p = .026). MW efficiency was also improved accordingly compared to the baseline, even though the statistical difference was not significant (p = .226). Life quality and fatigue were improved at week 12 compared to the baseline (all p = .000). There was no serious adverse events were observed. SV safely and effectively controlled resistant hypertension and improved MW as well as life quality in hemodialysis patients.

Nonlinear optical properties of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and protonated tetraphenylporphyrin (H4TPP2+) in toluene were investigated by Z-scan technique using a nanosecond laser with 5 ns pulse at 532 nm. Results show that H4TPP2+ exhibits weaker nonlinear refraction but enhanced reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and optical limiting performance in comparison with pristine H2TPP. Since no nonlinear scattering is observed in H4TPP2+ under low input fluence, and H4TPP2+ exhibits weaker nonlinear scattering signals than H2TPP under high input fluence, the enhancement of RSA and optical limiting performance can be attributed to the larger ratio of excited state absorption cross-section to that of the ground state of H4TPP2+. H4TPP2+ also exhibits superior optical limiting performance, even better than the benchmark RSA material C60.

BackgroundAntibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed medications. Many studies suggest an increased risk of health care–associated infections (HAIs) among antibiotic users. However，most related studies have focused only on a single type of HAIs, but considering the complexity and extent of the subject, it is necessary to conduct extensive research. We conducted a case-control study to determine the association between antibiotic combination therapy and risk of HAIs. MethodsRetrospective case-control study in a teaching hospital in Northwest China. Cases of 216 patients were diagnosed as HAIs during hospitalization between January 2019 and December 2019. Use antibiotics on admission and before the occurrence of HAIs were compared with 428 patients without HAIs during the same period, and matched by department.ResultsNinety-one of 216 health care–associated infections, 157 of 428 Patients without health care–associated infections prescribed antibiotics on admission and before the occurrence of HAIs. After multi-variable analysis, Compared with patients without HAIs, the OR for antibiotics combination exposure in cases was 5.43 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.62-11.24], and the OR for antibiotics exposure in cases was 0.23 (95% CI 0.12-0.43).Conclusions Combined use of antibiotics increases the risk of HAIs. In addition, Use of antibiotics before the diagnosis of HAIs is conducted associated with HAIs, and is the main protective factor.

This paper addresses the region-reaching control problem for a flexible-joint robotic manipulator which is formulated by Lagrangian dynamics. An adaptive control scheme is proposed for the manipulator system having two constrained regions which are constructed by selecting appropriate objective functions. The two joints of the flexible-joint manipulator can be, respectively, confined in different regions, and this gives more flexibility than the traditional fixed-point tracking control. By performing a straightforward Lyapunov stability analysis, a simple control algorithm is established to provide a solution for the region-reaching control problem. Finally, numerical simulations are given to validate the theoretical results.

Background and Aims Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) patrol the circulation and contribute to endothelial cell regeneration and tissue revascularization. Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) induces microvascular loss in the stenotic kidney. A regimen of low–energy shockwave therapy (SW) induces angiogenesis and reduces chronic ischemia, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that SW increases EPCs homing to the stenotic kidney and increases renal capillary regeneration in a unilateral ARAS swine model. Method Domestic pigs were randomized to normal control or unilateral ARAS (induced by a local irritant coil in the renal artery and a high-fat diet). ARAS pigs were treated with low-energy SW (0.1 mJ/mm2) or sham (n=6 each group), bi-weekly for 3 consecutive weeks, starting after 3 weeks of ARAS. Blood samples for EPCs (CD34+ and KDR+ by flow cytometry) and the homing factor SDF-1 were collected 4 weeks after completion of SW treatment from the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the stenotic kidney (STK) vein and artery. Urine was collected from the urinary bladder. Kidneys were studied ex vivo for morphology and expression of an endothelial cell marker (CD31) and the pro- angiogenic growth factor angiopoietin (Ang)-1. Results In ARAS, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular score, urinary protein, serum creatinine and mean arterial pressure were significantly increased and capillary count (Fig. 1A) decreased (P Conclusion Low-energy shockwave improves ischemic kidney capillary density, which is associated with and may be at least in part mediated by promoting EPC mobilization and homing to the stenotic kidney.

Due to insufficient mechanical performance, such as low tensile strength, the application of hydroxyapatite (HA)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) biocomposites has been limited to use as minor load-bearing bone substitutes. In the current work, we propose to impose an intense shear flow during injection molding to tune the microstructure of the HA/HDPE biocomposites, by which an anisotropic biomimetic structure and superior mechanical properties were gained. Morphological observations manifested that the imposed intense shear induced a large amount of oriented self-reinforced superstructure, i.e., interlocked shish-kebabs, which brought not only structure similarity with the natural bone but also considerable mechanical reinforcement. For the 20 wt% HA/HDPE biocomposite, the tensile strength and bending strength of the structured sample rose from 22.4 and 20.2 MPa for the normal sample to 60.4 and 44.0 MPa, increasing by 169% and 118%, respectively, which already reaches the bounds of human cortical bone. The Young's modulus increased to 1462.0 MPa, with an augment of 37%. The impact toughness of the structured biocomposite (64.6 kJ m−2) showed as over 5 times larger than the normal biocomposite (10.1 kJ m−2). Besides, the dispersion of the HA in the biocomposites especially at the high filler content was enhanced, playing a positive role in sustaining the bioactivity. All these results indicate that the structured HA/HDPE biocomposites hold great promise for use in high load-bearing orthopedic applications.

APOBEC3 family members, particularly APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G, inhibit the replication and spread of various retroviruses by inducing hypermutation in newly synthesized viral DNA. Viral hypermutation by APOBEC3 is associated with viral evolution, viral transmission, and disease progression. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to targeting APOBEC3G for AIDS therapy. Thus, a controllable model system using species such as macaques, which provide a relatively ideal in vivo system, is needed for the study of APOBEC3-related issues. To appropriately utilize this animal model for biomedical research, important differences between human and macaque APOBEC3s must be considered. In this study, we found that the ratio of APOBEC3G-mediated/APOBEC3-mediated HIV-1 hypermutation footprints was much lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from northern pig-tailed macaques than in PBMCs from humans. Next, we identified a novel and conserved APOBEC3G pre-mRNA alternative splicing pattern in macaques, which differed from that in humans and resulted from an Alu element insertion into macaque APOBEC3G gene intron 1. This alternative splicing pattern generating an aberrant APOBEC3G mRNA isoform may significantly dilute full-length APOBEC3G and reduce APOBEC3G-mediated hypermutation pressure on HIV-1 in northern pig-tailed macaques, which was supported by the elimination of other possibilities accounting for this hypermutation difference between the two hosts.IMPORTANCE APOBEC3 family members, particularly APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G, are important cellular antiviral factors. Recently, more attention has been paid to targeting APOBEC3G for AIDS therapy. To appropriately utilize macaque animal models for the study of APOBEC3-related issues, it is important that the differences between human and macaque APOBEC3s are clarified. In this study, we identified a novel and conserved APOBEC3G pre-mRNA alternative splicing pattern in macaques, which differed from that in humans and which may reduce the APOBEC3G-mediated hypermutation pressure on HIV-1 in northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs). Our work provides important information for the proper application of macaque animal models for APOBEC3-related issues in AIDS research and a better understanding of the biological functions of APOBEC3 proteins.

The potential influence of coexisting nonhydrogen species on hydrogen permeation through metallic membranes is critically reviewed considering five issues: dilution effect, concentration polarization (external diffusion resistance), competitive adsorption, irreversible poisoning effect, and surface catalytic effect. The irreversible poisoning effects of typical species such as H2S, CO, and NH3 on hydrogen permeation are subsequently discussed. Some development strategies are presented for the improved chemical stability of metallic membranes.

The potential degradation of coexisting nonhydrogen species on hydrogen permeation through Pd membranes is investigated with experimental and simulation methods. The apparent experimental results show that hydrogen flux in H2–Y binary mixtures would deviate from that of a pure hydrogen atmosphere. During mixture separation tests, there were different hydrogen permeation profiles along the axial coordinate of Pd tubular membranes and the nonhydrogen species did not change the hydrogen permeation mechanism of the Pd membrane.

In this paper, we propose a hybrid PML (H-PML) combining the normal absorption factor of convolutional PML (C-PML) with tangential absorption factor of Mutiaxial PML (M-PML). The H-PML boundary conditions can better suppress the numerical instability in some extreme models. and the computational speed of finite-element method and the dynamic range are greatly increased using this HPML. We use the finiteelement method with a hybrid PML to model the acoustic reflection of the interface when wireline and well logging while drilling (LWD), in a formation with a reflector outside the borehole. The simulation results suggests that the PS- and SP- reflected waves arrive at the same time when the inclination between the well and the outer interface is zero, and the difference in arrival times increases with increasing dip angle. When there are fractures outside the well, the reflection signal is clearer in the subsequent reflection waves and may be used to identify the fractured zone. The difference between the dominant wavelength and the model scale shows that LWD reflection logging data are of higher resolution and quality than wireline acoustic reflection logging.

Viral reservoirs of HIV-1 are a major obstacle for curing AIDS. The novel animal models that can be directly infected with HIV-1 will contribute to develop effective strategies for eradicating infections. Here, we inoculated 4 northern pig-tailed macaques (NPM) with the HIV-1 strain HIV-1NL4.3 and monitored the infection for approximately 3 years (150 weeks). The HIV-1-infected NPMs showed transient viremia for about 10 weeks after infection. However, cell-associated proviral DNA and viral RNA persisted in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs for about 3 years. Moreover, replication-competent HIV-1 could be successfully recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during long-term infection. The numbers of resting CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infected NPMs harboring proviruses fell within a range of 2- to 3-log10 per million cells, and these proviruses could be reactivated both ex vivo and in vivo in response to co-stimulation with the latency-reversing agents JQ1 and prostratin. Our results suggested that NPMs can be infected with HIV-1 and a long-term viral reservoir was formed in NPMs, which might serve as a potential model for HIV-1 reservoir research.

The effects of the pre-deformation on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloys were investigated by means of hardness tests, tensile tests, intergranullar corrosion (IGC) tests and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The results show that with the increase of deformation amount, the aging hardening rate increases while the strength of the alloy decreases and then increases. The sample with a pre-deformation of 6% possesses the highest tensile strength due to the refinedly and homogeneously distributed precipitations. The pre-deformation aging accelerates the heterogeneous nucleation of Ω and θ′ phases at dislocations, and also refines the precipitations both in the grains and along the grain boundaries. The precipitation of Ω phase is restrained while that of θ′ phase is accelerated in pre-deformed Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy compared with the sample without pre-deformation. In addition, the width of the precipitate free zone decreases with increasing the pre-deformation amount, leading to a narrower IGC passageway. This results in an enhanced IGC resistance of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy treated by pre-deformation aging.

The effects of serials of electric parameters (i.e. electric pulsed current, electric pulse width, etc.) on machining speed and surface quality were investigated. Furthermore the selected parameters in electrical discharge machining (EDM) were optimized. Experiments indicate that the machining speed of EDM increases with the increasing of pulse current and pulse width. On the other side, the surface quality decrease with the increasing of pulse current and pulse width.

APOBEC3 family members, particularly APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G, inhibit the replication and spread of various retroviruses by inducing hypermutation in newly synthesized viral DNA. Viral hypermutation by APOBEC3 is associated with viral evolution, viral transmission, and disease progression. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to targeting APOBEC3G for AIDS therapy. Thus, a controllable model system using species such as macaques, which provide a relatively ideal in vivo system, is needed for the study of APOBEC3-related issues. To appropriately utilize this animal model for biomedical research, important differences between human and macaque APOBEC3s must be considered. In this study, we found that the ratio of APOBEC3G-mediated/APOBEC3-mediated HIV-1 hypermutation footprints was much lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from northern pig-tailed macaques than in PBMCs from humans. Next, we identified a novel and conserved APOBEC3G pre-mRNA alternative splicing pattern in macaques, which differed from that in humans and resulted from an Alu element insertion into macaque APOBEC3G gene intron 1. This alternative splicing pattern generating an aberrant APOBEC3G mRNA isoform may significantly dilute full-length APOBEC3G and reduce APOBEC3G-mediated hypermutation pressure on HIV-1 in northern pig-tailed macaques, which was supported by the elimination of other possibilities accounting for this hypermutation difference between the two hosts. IMPORTANCE APOBEC3 family members, particularly APOBEC3F and APOBEC3G, are important cellular antiviral factors. Recently, more attention has been paid to targeting APOBEC3G for AIDS therapy. To appropriately utilize macaque animal models for the study of APOBEC3-related issues, it is important that the differences between human and macaque APOBEC3s are clarified. In this study, we identified a novel and conserved APOBEC3G pre-mRNA alternative splicing pattern in macaques, which differed from that in humans and which may reduce the APOBEC3G-mediated hypermutation pressure on HIV-1 in northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs). Our work provides important information for the proper application of macaque animal models for APOBEC3-related issues in AIDS research and a better understanding of the biological functions of APOBEC3 proteins.

GO/CNTs composite membranes with fine hierarchical nanostructure were facilely fabricated by intercalation with 1D carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) into 2D graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets for efficient organic wastewater treatment. By characterization results of XRD, Raman, FTIR, TEM and water contact angle, MWCNTs-COOH was successfully to be intercalated into GO lamellar interlayers with grafting reactions, which would improve water permeated flux and stability of membrane. The influences of GO/CNTs ratios, loading amounts, CNTs types and support types on the membrane separation performance were systematically investigated towards methylene blue dye solution. For the GO/CNTs composite membranes prepared under the optimized conditions, the permeated flux of 34.4 L m−2 h-1 and rejection over 99.7 % were obtained towards methylene blue solutions under the transmembrane pressure difference of 0.9 bar, respectively. Compared with pristine GO membrane, it exhibited a nearly 10-fold water permeated flux improvement meanwhile maintaining high rejection. Moreover, the electrostatic interaction and size exclusion effects were synergistically contributed to be responsible for the efficiently separation properties of the GO/CNTs membranes towards different positively/negatively charged dyes and neutral organic molecules. Such the GO/CNTs membranes also exhibited good chemical stability for acid resistance with highly efficient separation performance.