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Objective: To compare the effect of managing neonatal lung disease with lung ultrasound (LUS) or chest X-ray (CXR) monitoring on health outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Methods: The data obtained from the NICU of the Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital were used as the study group, as LUS has completely replaced CXR in managing newborn lung disease in the hospital for the past 5 years. The primary outcomes of this study were the misdiagnosis rate of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), the using status of mechanical ventilation, the incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and the survival rate in hospitalized infants. The secondary outcomes included the use pulmonary surfactant (PS), and the mortality rate of severe diseases (such as pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage and RDS, etc.). Results: Managing neonatal lung disease with LUS monitoring may enable the following effects: The frequency of ventilator use reducing by 40.2%; the duration of mechanical ventilation reducing by 67.5%; and the frequency of ventilator weaning failure being totally avoided. A misdiagnosis rate of 30% for RDS was also avoided. The dosage of PS was significantly reduced by 50% to 75%. No BPD occurred in the LUS-based care group for 5 years. The fatality rates of RDS, pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage decreased by 100%. The poor prognosis rate of VLBW infants decreased by 85%, and the total mortality rate of hospitalized infants decreased by 90%. Therefore, the cost of LUS-based care was inevitably saved. Conclusions: Diagnosing and managing neonatal lung diseases with LUS monitoring have significant benefits, and this technology should be widely promoted and applied around the world.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the treatment of neonatal severe pneumonia (NSP). Methods One hundred patients with severe pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups, the BAL and control groups, with 50 patients in each group. In the BAL group, normal saline was instilled into the endotracheal tube for BAL. Before and after lavage, lung ultrasound (LUS) monitoring was performed to observe the lung pathological changes. Conventional treatment was administered in the control group. The need for and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, the complication rate, the duration and cost of hospitalization and the mortality rate were compared between the two groups. Results The results of this study showed that there were 35 (70%) patients who meet the indications of the invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) at admission in the BAL group, while there were only 15 (30%) patients still requiring IMV after BAL therapy. The duration of IMV was 41.7 ± 7.5 vs. 97.7 ± 12.9 h in BAL and controls, the incidence rate of complications was 8.0% vs. 20.0% in both groups, the length of hospital stay was 9.2 ± 1.9 vs. 14.1 ± 2.1 days in both groups, and the expense of hospital cost was 12 557 ± 832 vs. 19 121 ± 929 Chinese Yuan in both groups. All patients had stable vital signs during lavage, and no significant adverse side effects were observed. Conclusion BAL was significantly beneficial for NSP with no significant adverse side effects; LUS is a useful tool for the timely detection of BAL effects.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the application of ultrasound for the localization of the tip position of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in newborn infants. Study Design This study was a retrospective analysis on ultrasonic localization for PICC placement conducted in our department over the past 2 years. Ultrasonic localization was performed immediately after PICC placement in all neonatal patients. Successful PICC placement was confirmed if the PICC tip position was located at the inferior/superior cavoatrial junction. Chest X-ray localization was performed on 32 infants immediately after ultrasound examination to compare the accuracy of ultrasound localization. Results Of the 186 patients, 174 (93.5%) had successful PICC placement on the first attempt. In 11 (5.9%) patients, the catheter tip was placed beyond the ideal location as follows: too deep (in the right atrium) in 4 patients, too shallow in 4 patients, and malpositioned in 3 patients. Both the sensitivity and the specificity of ultrasound for identifying PICC tip localization were 100%. Complications occurred in 2.7% of this group of patients. Conclusion Ultrasonic localization of the PICC tip position is a timely, accurate, and reliable method and can identify the catheter tip with high accuracy. This method could be widely applied in neonatal wards.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been successfully used for neonatal lung disease diagnosis, as a non-invasive, free of radiation tool, the application of point-of-care LUS (POC-LUS) to diagnose lung disease has become a new trend worldwide. This paper was to introduce the new application of LUS to guide or assist the neonatal lung diseases treatment.Based on case series of our daily routine clinical work, in combining with the latest literatures, we introducing the new using field of POC-LUS in guiding the treatment of uninflated lung disease by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), guiding the treatment of severe pleural effusion and pneumothorax, guide the use of and weaning from mechanical ventilation, and in assessing the efficacy of exogenous pulmonary surfactant (PS) therapy.The results of this study showed that the using rate of invasive ventilation and PS were decreased significantly, the duration of invasive ventilation was shortened significantly, the recovery of pleural effusion and pneumothorax were more quickly and safety, and finally a significantly shortened length of hospitalizations was obtained.LUS monitoring had significant effects in guiding the management of neonatal severe lung diseases, which with the worthy of extensive clinical application.

Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been widely used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of neonatal lung diseases (NLDs), but whether it can replace the routine use of chest X-ray (CXR) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) remains controversial. This paper summarizes the clinical practice of our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the past three years to explore the feasibility and necessity of using LUS instead of CXR to diagnose NLDs in the NICU setting.The clinical data and LUS examination results from 1,381 newborn infants with respiratory difficulty who were hospitalized in our NICU from March 2017 to February 2020 were retrospectively collected to analyze the types of lung diseases diagnosed and the reliability of LUS for diagnosing NLDs.(1) During this period, 1381 newborn infants with dyspnea were admitted to our NICU, accounting for 41.2% of all hospitalized children. (2) Among the 1381 infants, 17 patients with respiratory distress were confirmed as having severe heart disease by echocardiography, while the remaining 1364 patients had different kinds of lung diseases: pneumonia (697 patients, 51.1%), respiratory distress syndrome (251 patients, 17.4%), transient tachypnea of the newborn (197 patients, 13.3%), atelectasis (89 patients, 5.6%), pneumothorax (46 patients, 3.2%), pulmonary hemorrhage (69 patients, 4.5%), severe pleural effusion (18 patients, 1.32%), congenital pulmonary sequestration (3 patients, 0.22%), bullae of the lung (2 patients, 0.15%), and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (2 patients). (5) Among the 1381 infants, 217 received CXR examination before admission, which resulted in misdiagnosis in 45 patients (20.7%) and missed diagnosis in 12 patients (5.5%); the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis rate was 26.3%.Our 3-year clinical practice experience indicated that LUS could completely replace chest X-ray for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NLDs in the NICU. Compared with X-ray, LUS had higher accuracy and reliability in diagnosing NLDs.

Pneumothorax (PTX) represents accumulation of the air in the pleural space. A large or tension pneumothorax can collapse the lung and cause hemodynamic compromise, a life-threatening disorder. Traditionally, neonatal pneumothorax diagnosis has been based on clinical images, auscultation, transillumination, and chest X-ray findings. This approach may potentially lead to a delay in both diagnosis and treatment. The use of lung US in diagnosis of PTX together with US-guided thoracentesis results in earlier and more precise management. The recommendations presented in this publication are aimed at improving the application of lung US in guiding neonatal PTX diagnosis and management.

Point of care lung ultrasound (POC-LUS) has played important roles in diagnosing neonatal lung diseases and assisting in their treatment. A newborn infant with severe respiratory distress diagnosed as pulmonary atelectasis caused by congenital massive pleural effusion, whose consolidated lung recruitment after pleural puncture drainage under POC-LUS guidance. Lung ultrasound can be performed easily and timely at bed-side with free of radiation exposure, thus it should be used extensively in the neonatal department.

Objective To explore the reliability and accuracy of lung ultrasound for diagnosing neonatal pneumothorax. Methods This study was divided into two phases. (1) In the first phase, from January 2013 to June 2015, 40 patients with confirmed pneumothorax had lung ultrasound examinations performed to identify the sonographic characteristics of neonatal pneumothorax. (2) In the second phase, from July 2015 to August 2016, lung ultrasound was undertaken on 50 newborn infants with severe lung disease who were suspected of having pneumothorax, to evaluate the sonographic accuracy and reliability to diagnose pneumothorax. Results (1) The main ultrasonic manifestations of pneumothorax are as follows: ① lung sliding disappearance, which was observed in all patients (100%); ② the existence of the pleural line and the A-line, which was also observed in all patients (100%); ③ the lung point, which was found in 75% of the infants with mild-moderate pneumothorax but not found to exist in 25% of the severe pneumothorax patients; ④ the absence of B-lines in the area of the pneumothorax (100% of the pneumothorax patients); and ⑤ no lung consolidation existed in the area of the pneumothorax (100% of the pneumothorax patients). (2) The accuracy and reliability of the lung sonographic signs of lung sliding disappearance as well as the existence of the pleural line and the A-line in diagnosing pneumothorax were as follows: 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. When the lung point exists, the diagnosis is mild-moderate pneumothorax, whereas if no lung point exists, the diagnosis is severe pneumothorax. Conclusion Lung ultrasound is accurate and reliable in diagnosing and ruling out neonatal pneumothorax and, in our study, was found to be as accurate as chest X-ray.

This study was aimed to investigate the application of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pulmonary hemorrhage of the newborn (PHN).From July 2013 to June 2016, 157 neonates were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups: a study group of 57 neonates, who were diagnosed with PHN according to their medical history, clinical manifestations and chest X-ray findings, and a control group of 100 neonates with no lung disease. All subjects underwent bedside lung ultrasound in a quiet state in a supine, lateral or prone position, performed by a single expert physician. The ultrasound findings were compared between the two groups.The lung ultrasound main findings associated with PHN included lung consolidation with air bronchograms with an incidence of 82.5%, a shred sign with an incidence of 91.2%, pleural effusion with an incidence of 84.2% (pleurocentesis confirmed the fluid was really bleeding), atelectasis with a incidence of 33.3%, pleural line abnormalities, as well as disappearing A-lines with an incidence of 100%, and 11.9% of these patients had the main manifestations of alveolar-interstitial syndrome (AIS). The shred sign exhibited a sensitivity of 91.2% and a specificity of 100% in diagnosing PHN.Lung ultrasonography is useful and reliable for diagnosing PHN, which is suitable for routine application in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Pulmonary atelectasis (PA) is a common clinical complication among newborns, and it is one of the most common causes of neonatal dyspnea, a condition with no specific effective treatment. This study examined the effectiveness and security of bronchoalveolar lavage (BL) regarding the treatment of neonatal PA under ultrasound monitoring.A total of 57 patients diagnosed with PA via lung ultrasound (LUS) were included in this study. All patients received BL via a tracheal intubation injection of lavage fluid. The LUS was conducted immediately after each lavage to understand the conditions of lung re-expansion. Irrigation was repeated two to three times as one course of treatment. BL was provided as one to two courses of treatment daily for several days according to atelectasis and lung recruitment status.Of the 57 patients, BL was very effective in 44 cases (77.2%), marginally effective in nine cases (15.8%) and ineffective in four cases (7.0%), showing a total effective rate of 93.0%. The four ineffective cases showed a long disease duration and severe pulmonary consolidation.BL showed significant effectiveness for the treatment of neonatal PA under ultrasound monitoring. This treatment is easy to operate, and no adverse side effects were observed. Thus, BL should be considered for clinical application.

Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) under lung ultrasound (LUS) monitoring for the treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Methods: A total of 120 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: a BAL group (70 patients) and a control group (50 patients). Patients in the BAL group received an injection of lavage fluid through an endotracheal tube. After each lavage, LUS was performed to assess lung pathological changes. The control group underwent the traditional treatment. The rate of invasive and/or noninvasive ventilator use, time of ventilator use, incidence of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and/or incidence of pneumothorax, duration of hospitalization of pediatric patients, hospitalization expenses and mortality were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Compared with the control group, MAS patients in the BAL group had (1) a significantly lower rate of invasive ventilator use (reduced by 57.7%, P < 0.001), (2) a significantly shortened duration of invasive ventilator treatment (reduced by 84.6%, P < 0.001), (3) a significantly reduced incidence of PPHN and/or pneumothorax (reduced by 84.6%, P < 0.001), (4) a reduced rate of mortality (from 2% to 0%), (5) a significantly shortened duration of hospitalization (reduced by 30.1%, P < 0.001), (6) significantly reduced hospitalization expenses (reduced by 42.6%, P < 0.001), and (7) stable vital signs during lavage among all patients, with no adverse effects. Conclusions: Treatment of MAS using BAL under LUS monitoring showed remarkable efficacy without adverse effects.

Ultrasound is a safe bedside imaging tool that obviates the use of ionizing radiation diagnostic procedures. Due to its convenience, the lung ultrasound has received increasing attention from neonatal physicians. Nevertheless, clear reference standards and guideline limits are needed for accurate application of this diagnostic modality. This document aims to summarize expert opinions and to provide precise guidance to help facilitate the use of the lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of neonatal lung diseases.

In plants, potassium (K+ ) homeostasis is tightly regulated and established against a concentration gradient to the environment. Despite the identification of Ca2+ -regulated kinases as modulators of K+ channels, the immediate signaling and adaptation mechanisms of plants to low-K+ conditions are only partially understood. To assess the occurrence and role of Ca2+ signals in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, we employed ratiometric analyses of Ca2+ dynamics in plants expressing the Ca2+ reporter YC3.6 in combination with patch-clamp analyses of root cells and two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) analyses in Xenopus laevis oocytes. K+ deficiency triggers two successive and distinct Ca2+ signals in roots exhibiting spatial and temporal specificity. A transient primary Ca2+ signature arose within 1 min in the postmeristematic stelar tissue of the elongation zone, while a secondary Ca2+ response occurred after several hours as sustained Ca2+ elevation in defined tissues of the elongation and root hair differentiation zones. Patch-clamp and TEVC analyses revealed Ca2+ dependence of the activation of the K+ channel AKT1 by the CBL1-CIPK23 Ca2+ sensor-kinase complex. Together, these findings identify a critical role of cell group-specific Ca2+ signaling in low K+ responses and indicate an essential and direct role of Ca2+ signals for AKT1 K+ channel activation in roots.

Moodle is a kind of online learning system which is guided by the learning theory of constructivist. And it develops with the characteristics of openness, flexibility, interactivity, sharing, etc. What’s more, in the process of English learning, most Junior high school students with learning difficulties in English are not good at managing, collecting and reusing the problem solutions, nor classification, induction, summary in English learning, which leads to the vicious circle: dislike leaning English—students with learning difficulties in English—dislike learning English. Besides, there are numerous data with problem solutions owned by educators. However, these educators maybe limited with time and energy to collect and share problems which students own. Therefore, it is a waste of English learning resources for students and educators to not make full use of these resources. In network information age, information teaching mode has become a tendency, and it is necessary for learners to learn knowledge actively, proactively and personalized. It is a good way for educators to combine the internet learning platform with middle school English error management, to learn management system supervision, to encourage students to learn actively, so as to improve high school students learning initiative and then get the goal of improving English scores.

In plants, potassium (K

Phase change materials (PCMs) can be incorporated with building materials to obtain novel form-stable composite PCM which has effective energy storage performance in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems. In this study, the PCM gypsum boards were prepared by mixing the gypsum with the power storage composite prepared by mixing with the paraffin as latent heat storage material, porous ceramsite skeleton with different particle size distribution (PSD) as adsorption matrix, and sodium alginate as reaction material. The PSD of power storage porous ceramsite were obtained by using digital camera and image process software, and the conductivity factor of PCM gypsum boards were measured by heat test machine. The directed grey relational grades between the PSD and the conductivity factor were calculated by means of grey relational rule in order to investigate the influence of PSD on the conductivity property of PCM gypsum boards. The results indicated that the porous ceramsite with size ranging from 0 to 3.0 mm could enhance the conductivity property of PCM gypsum board slightly, the porous ceramsite with size in a range from 3.0 to 14.0 mm, especially those with size range from 3.0 to 4.0 mm could obviously weaken the conductivety property of PCM gypsum board.

For the thin-film thickness monitoring(TFTM) system, a new technology based on a double-frequency modulation equipment, a photoelectric four-light path system, a comprehensive digital processing-controlling system and a dual-lock-phase circuit system, has been successfully developed by optimizing the circuitry and data processing to improve the precision of the photoelectricity- extremum technology. The novel technique includes analog circuits of multi-stage amplifier, symmetrical dual-lock-phase amplifier, anti- disturbance circuit technique, digital division, anti-pulse-disturbance digital filter, linearization of digital display, removal singular data, and extremum judgment with ΔR algorithm. Experiments show that the detection and optimization methods on weak photoelectric signal take advantages of higher stability and better static and dynamic precision in controlling the thin-film thickness. The static drift ratios of two output electric signals are equal to or less than 7%/h, as well as the analog signal-to-noise ratios of reference or measurement paths are more than 500. The digital display sensitivity responding to reflectivity is higher, the linear regression factor of the digital display data is 0.979, and the display resolution of low reflectivity is equal to 0.02%. Compared with the conventional TFTM system, the uncertainty of monitoring signal in the new technology declines one order of magnitude, consequently, the drift ratio of monitoring signal is approximately equal to 0. Index Terms - Optical Detection, Signal Optimization, Compound Filteration, Film, Four-light Beams.

To solving the slow and complex scanning of spotscan model in optical coherence tomography (OCT), a fast lateral line-scan model was investigated with doublet-cylinder-lens(DCL). For the DCL, the elimination of spherical aberration was theoretically studied, as well as the beam model and the focus. The parameters and signal characteristics of the confocus microscopy system (CFMS) with DCL were simulated and brought forward. The relation between the transverse resolution and the numerical aperture and the depth of focus (DOF) was discussed in the OCT. Results show that the spherical aberration and the sine aberration of the DCL with K9-ZF2 glass are effectively eliminated. Because the beam is uniformly focused on the arc-sagitta-plane of cylinder lens and produces the parallel interference pattern or fringe with axial symmetry, the transverse resolution interacted by the numerical aperture and the DOF is improved. The scanning velocity of the CFMS with DCL is faster three orders of magnitude than the traditional spot-scan model. The transverse resolution with system aperture 50.8 mm is 15μm. This advanced system will be valuable in real-time vivo imaging. Index Terms OCT, CFMS, Line-scan, DCL, Resolution

Comparing general optical thin-film deposition systems, which present poor precision and automation level on monitoring film thickness, we proposed a new intelligent photoelectric-control-analysis coating system. The structure of the new system includes a four-light path photoelectric system matching with double-frequency modulation hardware equipment and a compound filteration-control system. The compound filteration- control system contains anti-disturbance circuit, analog circuits of multi-stage amplifier, symmetrical dual-lock-phase amplifier, digital division, anti-pulse-disturbance digital filter, linearization of digital display, algorithm of picking off singular data, and extremum- judgment algorithm. Experiments show that all functions of intelligent real-time monitoring film thickness are achieved. The physical characteristics, for example, the static and dynamic stabilities and the control thin-film thickness precision, are extremely increased. The resolution of digital display as per reflectivity is 0.02%. The duplication, i.e., standard deviation of monitoring thin- film thickness, is less than 0.50%. The S/N approaches to 1500. The linearity of drift is very high, and the static drift ratio is close to 1.63%/h. In conclusion,the new system has advantages of the high control precision for thin-film thickness and the favorable static and dynamic stabilities. Index Terms - Intelligent Control, Optical Detection, Thin-film, Four-light Beams, Precision.

Summary Potassium transporters and channels play crucial roles in K+ uptake and translocation in plant cells. These roles are essential for plant growth and development. AKT1 is an important K+ channel in Arabidopsis roots that is involved in K+ uptake. It is known that AKT1 is activated by a protein kinase CIPK23 interacting with two calcineurin B-like proteins CBL1/CBL9. The present study showed that another calcineurin B-like protein (CBL10) may also regulate AKT1 activity. The CBL10-over-expressing lines showed a phenotype as sensitive as that of the akt1 mutant under low-K+ conditions. In addition, the K+ content of both CBL10-over-expressing lines and akt1 mutant plants were significantly reduced compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, CBL10 directly interacted with AKT1, as verified in yeast two-hybrid, BiFC and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The results of electrophysiological analysis in both Xenopus oocytes and Arabidopsis root cell protoplasts demonstrated that CBL10 impairs AKT1-mediated inward K+ currents. Furthermore, the results from the yeast two-hybrid competition assay indicated that CBL10 may compete with CIPK23 for binding to AKT1 and negatively modulate AKT1 activity. The present study revealed a CBL-interacting protein kinase-independent regulatory mechanism of calcineurin B-like proteins in which CBL10 directly regulates AKT1 activity and affects ion homeostasis in plant cells.

The theoretical research on raindrops movement should promote water conservation in the Loess Plateau. Four influence factors on the raindrops falling in the Earth atmosphere were studied, which include gravitational force, buoyancy, viscous resistance and Coriolis force. Three mathematical models on raindrops were established with Newton’s dynamic equation. Simulated to the equations, all characteristics of raindrops falling were obtained. The research shows that the raindrops have different terminal falling speed as different size due to the viscous resistance. The buoyancy is almost no influence to all characteristics of raindrop falling. The Coriolis force leads raindrops to move eastward and southward, as well as, the eastward migration is more obvious than the southward. The raindrops falling migration from the viscous resistance action is very significant. Introduction Over the last decade, as aware of the severe hazards of soil erosion, much attention and interests were paid to the research on soil erosion for terminal speed, kinetic energy and influence factors on the raindrops falling in the Loess Plateau slope land. But the detailed researching materials about the characters or laws of raindrop movement are short and little, only some low precision research and the ideal model . Therefore, the studies on quasi-real raindrops movement mathematical model and its computer simulation will support not only the theoretical research of the dynamic model in the soil and water conservation(SWC) in Loess Plateau, but also enrich and perfect the detailed data of the quasi-real raindrop movement in theory and experiment. Further more, the classification standards of the convective cloud system and the stratiform precipitation cloud system should be put forward according to the different characteristics of the precipitation cloud system. Thus an innovative research idea will be proposed by the dynamics based on the statistical method. In this research, taking the Xi'an area for example, we analyzed influencing factors (i.e. gravitational force, buoyancy, viscous resistance and Coriolis force) on quasi-real raindrops in the Earth's atmosphere, established the dynamics mathematical model of raindrop movement. Comparing all numerical solutions with the experimental data of the SWC, we proposed detailed model and images of raindrops movement and four influence weighting factors. Parameters of Raindrops Height of Rainfall According to the prediction models used into the radio space communications systems design and the stratospheric height information at temperature 0°C under the rainfall conditions, the Consultative Committee of International Radio usually uses the following model to estimate the rainfall height [8]

In common polytechnic universities of China, the curriculum-group-construction of fundamental physics has many difficulties, such as few teaching hours, less interaction between teachers and students, and bad effect etc. A high effective curriculum construction mode was proposed, which core was development of excellent physics course. Based on the excellent course, multilayer fundamental physics curriculum-group-construction mode with opening and mutual learning in selective instruction and discussion was established. In the four-level-course practices in common polytechnic university, we set up a multidimensional physical teaching materials system, an online interactive learning system, a selective instruction mode in class, a discussion-teaching mode, a comprehensive examination pattern, a multi-role demonstration experiment system, and an optimization of modern education technology and multiple teaching resources and means. The multilayer fundamental physics curriculum-group-construction mode has improved learning interest, learning ability and innovation ability for most students. Because of many distinct characters and remarkable achievements, this mode should be popular with other majors or courses.

Enriching the hemostatic active part total iridoid glycosides from the aqueous extract of herbal Lamiophlomis rotata.First derivative spectrophotometry was used as the detection method and the content of total iridoid glycosides was used as tracking target. The abilities of absorption and anti-absorption of ten different types of macroreticular resin were compared, after being used to absorb the iridoid glycosides from aqueous extract of herbal L. rotata. The best purification process was optimized.With the optimized purification process, the content of total iridoid glycosides was 67.53%.XDA-1 macroreticular resin has good ability of absorption and anti-absorption for iridoid glycosides and 50% ethanol was the best solvent for anti-absorption. The macroreticular resin could be reused.