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Objectives: To explore the potential association between MEP Urine Content and Asthma Incident and to provide a reference for asthma control strategies for Children and Adolescents.Setting: Multivariate regression was used to evaluate the association between MEP urine content and adolescents and children Asthma Incident.Participants: Participants aged 20 years below who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 to 2018 were eligible.Results: Potential association of increased urinary MEP levels with self-reported risk of asthma events in people under 20 years of age (OR 1.3, 95%CI: 1.1, 1.5). After stratified analysis of age and sex, the intimate relationship was stronger in the group of female children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years (OR 1.3, 95%CI: 1.1, 1.7).Conclusions: This study suggests that MEP Urine Content is associated with self-reported asthma Incident in US children and adolescents. Asthma prevention measures for children and adolescent’s female should include cautious toiletry selection and avoid continuous, high-dose environmental exposure to Diethyl phthalate whenever possible. Furthermore, the conclusion may need to be supported by other randomized controlled trials or cohort studies.

Adult patients with relapsed or refractory T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R‐T‐ALL) have extremely poor prognosis, representing an urgent unmet medical need. Finding an optimal salvage regimen to bridge transplantation is a priority. The CAG (cytarabine, aclarubicin, and G‐CSF) regimen was initially used by one group in China, showing unexpectedly promising results in 11 R/R‐T‐ALL patients. Here, we report the multicenter results of 41 patients who received the CAG regimen as salvage therapy. After one cycle of the CAG regimen, complete remission and partial remission were achieved in 33 (80.5%) and two (4.9%) patients, respectively. Failure to respond was observed in six patients (14.6%). Early T‐cell precursor (ETP) (n = 26) and non‐ETP (n = 15) patients had a similar CR rate (80.8% vs 80.0%, P = .95). Among 41 patients, allo‐HSCT was successfully performed in 27 (66%) patients (22 in CR and 5 in non‐CR). With a median follow‐up time of 12 months, the estimated 2‐year overall survival and event‐free survival were 68.8% (95% CI, 47.3%‐83.0%) and 56.5% (95% CI, 37.1%‐71.9%), respectively. The CAG regimen was well‐tolerated, and no early death occurred. Our multicenter results show that the CAG regimen is highly effective and safe, representing a novel choice for adult patients with R/R‐T‐ALL and providing a better bridge to transplantation., Adult patients with relapsed or refractory T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R‐T‐ALL) have limited therapeutic options and extremely poor prognosis (CR rate

Objectives This study aimed to quantitatively compare the somatosensory function changes of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) after mandibular third molar extraction with a surgery protocol of coronectomy, as opposed to the conventional method. Materials and methods Patients with a lower third molar directly contacting IAN were recruited and assigned either to a test group (coronectomy group) or a control group (conventional extraction). A standardized quantitative sensory testing (QST) battery was performed for four times: one week before surgery and the second, seventh, and 28th days after surgery. Z-scores and the loss/gain coding system were applied for each participant. Results A total of 140 molars (test group: n = 91, control group: n = 49) were enrolled. The sensitivity of the mechanical detection threshold (MDT) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) significantly increased after surgery more than before surgery in both groups (P ≤ 0.001). After the surgery, the sensitivities of the cold detection threshold (CDT), cold pain threshold (CPT), and heat pain threshold (HPT) were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (P ≤ 0.027). The risk of IANI was significantly larger (P = 0.041) in the test group than in the control group. Conclusions QST was a sensitive way to detect somatosensory abnormalities even with no subjective complaint caused by surgery. Coronectomy had less influence on IAN function than conventional total extraction. Clinical relevance The somatosensory function changes after mandibular third molar extraction were quantitatively studied, and coronectomy was proved a reliable alternation to reduce IAN injury rate.

We examined the effects of phosphorus (P) levels on photosynthetic and P/Fe traits of soybean under the stress of low Fe and their genotypic differences, to provide a theoretical basis for rational application of P and Fe fertilizer. Six P-efficient and six P-inefficient soybean varieties screened in the early stage were used as experimental materials. Four treatments of P:Fe ratio were set, including 0:30, 30:30, 150:30 and 300:30 (μmol·L为了明确低铁胁迫下磷素用量对大豆光合和磷/铁性状的影响及基因型差异,为磷、铁肥的合理施用提供理论依据,以前期筛选的6个磷高效基因型和6个磷低效基因型大豆为供试材料,设4个P∶Fe配比处理,分别为0∶30、30∶30、150∶30和300∶30(μmol·L

Objective Efficient methods for assessing walking adaptability in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are urgently needed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess C-Gait for detecting freezing of gait (FOG) in patients with early- to middle-stage PD. Method People with PD (PWP) diagnosis (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1–3) were recruited from April 2019 to November 2019 in Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital. The participants performed six items of walking adaptability on an instrumented treadmill augmented with visual targets and obstacles (C-Mill). The patient’s walking adaptability was evaluated by C-Gait assessment and traditional walking tests, and FOG-related indexes were collected as outcome measures. Two discriminant models were established by stepwise discriminant analysis; area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to validate the models. Result In total, 53 patients were included in this study. Most C-Gait assessment items had no or low correlations with traditional walking tests. The obstacle avoidance (r = −0.639, P = 0.003) and speed of adaptation (r = −0.486, P = 0.035) items could lead to FOG with high sensitivity. In addition, the C-Gait assessment model (AUC = 0.755) had slightly better discrimination of freezers from non-freezers compared with traditional walking test models (AUC = 0.672); specifically, obstacle avoidance and speed of adaptation have uniquely discriminant potential. Conclusion C-gait assessment could provide additional value to the traditional walking tests for PD. Gait adaptability assessment, as measured by C-Gait, may be able to help identify freezers in a PD population., Graphical Abstract Patients with early- to middle-stage PD (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1–3) were enrolled for C-Gait assessment and traditional walking ability assessments. The correlation of C-Gait assessment and traditional walking tests were studied. Two models were established based on C-Gait assessment and traditional walking tests to explore the value of C-Gait assessment in predicting freezing of gait.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in infancy or early childhood leads to high rate of persistent infection (25-90%). The immunological basis of high rate of viral persistence in vertically acquired HBV infections is not completely understood. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APC) and play pivotal roles in the enhancement or regulation of antiviral immune reactions. Aim of the present study was to investigate whether an HBV-infected maternal environment might influence the infants’ DC phenotype and function. Monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) of neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers were studied phenotypically by Flow Cytometry (FCM) and functionally by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An electron microscope was used to analyze the morphological changes of MoDC. MoDC from neonates whose maternal HBV DNA was>5×107 copies/ml showed a reduced surface expression of CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR as compared to that in neonates whose maternal HBV DNA was negative (CD80: t=3.238, P=0.002; CD86: t=3.543, P=0.001; HLA-DR: t=2.785, P=0.008). T-cell proliferation assays also showed an impaired allostimulatory capacity in comparison to that in neonates whose maternal HBV DNA was negative, especially in the cultures at a DC: T cell ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 (t=-5.442, P

Summary Background Intravenous arsenic trioxide plus all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) without chemotherapy is the standard of care for non-high-risk acute promyelocytic leukaemia (white blood cell count ≤10 × 10 9 per L), resulting in cure in more than 95% of cases. However, a pilot study of treatment with oral arsenic realgar-Indigo naturalis formula (RIF) plus ATRA without chemotherapy, which has a more convenient route of administration than the standard intravenous regimen, showed high efficacy. In this study, we compare an oral RIF plus ATRA treatment regimen with the standard intravenous arsenic trioxide plus ATRA treatment regimen in patients with non-high-risk acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Methods We did a multicentre, non-inferiority, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial at 14 centres in China. Patients aged 18–70 years with newly diagnosed (within 7 days) non-high-risk acute promyelocytic leukaemia, and a WHO performance status of 2 or less were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive treatment with RIF-ATRA or arsenic trioxide-ATRA as the induction and consolidation therapy. Randomisation was done centrally with permuted blocks and stratification according to trial centre and was implemented through an interactive web response system. RIF (60 mg/kg bodyweight daily in an oral divided dose) or arsenic trioxide (0·15 mg/kg daily in an intravenous dose) and ATRA (25 mg/m 2 daily in an oral divided dose) were used until complete remission was achieved. The home-based consolidation therapy was RIF (60 mg/kg daily in an oral divided dose) or intravenous arsenic trioxide (0·15 mg/kg daily in an intravenous dose) in a 4-week on 4-week off regimen for four cycles and ATRA (25 mg/m 2 daily in an oral divided dose) in a 2-week on 2-week off regimen for seven cycles. Patients and treating physicians were not masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was event-free survival at 2 years. A non-inferiority margin of −10% was used to assess non-inferiority. Primary analyses were done in a modified intention-to-treat population of all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned treatment and the per-protocol population. This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-TRC-13004054), and the trial is complete. Findings Between Feb 13, 2014, and Aug 31, 2015, 109 patients were enrolled and assigned to RIF-ATRA (n=72) or arsenic trioxide-ATRA (n=37). Three patients in the RIF-ATRA and one in the arsenic trioxide-ATRA did not receive their assigned treatment. After a median follow-up of 32 months (IQR 27–36), 67 (97%) of 69 patients in the RIF-ATRA group and 34 (94%) of 36 in the arsenic trioxide-ATRA group had achieved 2-year event-free survival in the modified intention-to-treat population. The percentage difference in event-free survival was 2·7% (95% CI, −5·8 to 11·1). The lower limit of the 95% CI for the difference in event-free survival was greater than the −10% non-inferiority margin, confirming non-inferiority (p=0·0017). Non-inferiority was also confirmed in the per-protocol population. During induction therapy, grade 3–4 hepatic toxic effects (ie, increased liver aspartate aminotransferase or alanine transaminase concentrations) were reported in six (9%) of 69 patients in the RIF-ATRA group versus five (14%) of 36 patients in the arsenic trioxide-ATRA group; grade 3–4 infection was reported in 15 (23%) of 64 versus 15 (42%) of 36 patients. Two patients in the arsenic trioxide-ATRA group died during induction therapy (one from haemorrhage and one from thrombocytopenia). Interpretation Oral RIF plus ATRA is not inferior to intravenous arsenic trioxide plus ATRA for the treatment of patients with non-high-risk acute promyelocytic leukaemia. This study suggests that a completely oral, chemotherapy-free model might be an alternative to the standard intravenous treatment for patients with non-high-risk acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Funding Foundation for innovative research group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, the National Key R&D Program of China, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

We present the structure and nonlinear absorption (NLA) properties of Cu-doped ZnO (CZO) films prepared by magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results show that the CZO films can maintain a wurtzite structure. Furthermore, the open-aperture (OA) Z-scan measurements of the film were carried out by nanosecond laser pulse. A transition from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption (RSA) was observed as the excitation intensity increasing. With good excellent nonlinear optical coefficient, the samples were expected to be the potential applications in optical devices.

Long-term seroprotectionBased on five-year follow-up data from a randomized positive-controlled trial among Chinese children (1-8 years old) following a 0, 6 months vaccination schedule, a power-law model accounting for the kinetics of B-cell turnover, as well as a modified power-law model considering a memory-B-cell subpopulation, were fitted to predict the long-term immune responses induced by HAV vaccination (Healive or Havrix). Anti-HAV levels of each individual and seroconversion rates up to 30 years after vaccination were predicted.A total of 375 participants who completed the two-dose vaccination were included in the analysis. Both models predicted that, over a life-long period, participants vaccinated with Healive would have close but slightly higher antibody titers than those of participants vaccinated with Havrix. Additionally, consistent with previous studies, more than 90% of participants were predicted to maintain seroconversion for at least 30 years. Moreover, the modified power-law model predicted that the antibody titers would reach a plateau level after nearly 15 years post-vaccination.Based on the results of our modeling, Healive may adequately induce long-term immune responses following a 0, 6 months vaccination schedule in children

To develop methods for determining a suitable sample size for bioequivalence assessment of generic topical ophthalmic drugs using crossover design with serial sampling schemes.The power functions of the Fieller-type confidence interval and the asymptotic confidence interval in crossover designs with serial-sampling data are here derived. Simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the derived power functions.Simulation studies show that two power functions can provide precise power estimates when normality assumptions are satisfied and yield conservative estimates of power in cases when data are log-normally distributed. The intra-correlation showed a positive correlation with the power of the bioequivalence test. When the expected ratio of the AUCs was less than or equal to 1, the power of the Fieller-type confidence interval was larger than the asymptotic confidence interval. If the expected ratio of the AUCs was larger than 1, the asymptotic confidence interval had greater power. Sample size can be calculated through numerical iteration with the derived power functions.The Fieller-type power function and the asymptotic power function can be used to determine sample sizes of crossover trials for bioequivalence assessment of topical ophthalmic drugs.

The supply chain finance model has become an effective way to solve the financing difficulties of SMEs. It has changed the credit model of the single financial institutions in the past, and provided financial support for the SMEs in their supply chain around the core enterprises. Supply chain finance has great market potential and is becoming a new area for banks to compete with each other. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically study the financing risk control of supply chain finance, so as to provide ideas for the continuous innovation and development of supply chain finance business.

Background To evaluate the methodological quality of systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analysis of trastuzumab-based therapy for breast cancer. Methods We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane library, international prospective register of systematic reviews, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, Wan Fang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIP database for SRs or meta-analysis. The methodological quality of included literatures was appraised by risk of bias in systematic review (ROBIS) tool. Results Twenty three eligible systematic reviews or meta-analysis were included. Only 2 systematic reviews provided protocol. The most frequently searched databases were PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane. The two-reviewers model described in the screening for eligible original articles, data extraction, and methodological quality evaluation had 30%, 61%, and 26%, respectively. In methodological quality assessment, 52% SRs or meta-analysis used the Jadad scoring or Cochrane reviewer' handbook. Research question were well matched to all SRs or meta-analysis in phase 1 and 35% of them evaluated "high" risk bias in study eligibility criteria. The "high" risk of bias in all non-Cochrane SRs or meta-analyses, which involve methods used to identify and/or select studies. And more than half SRs or meta-analysis had a high risk of bias in data collection and study appraisal. More than two-third of SRs or meta-analysis were accomplished with high risk of bias in the synthesis and findings. Conclusions The study indicated poor methodological and reporting quality of SRs/meta-analysis assessing trastuzumab-based therapy for breast cancer. Registration or publishing the protocol and the reporting followed the PRISMA checklist are recommended in future research.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be classified into three motor-based subtypes: postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD), tremor dominant (TD), and indeterminate. The neuropathophysiological mechanisms of the three motor subtypes are different, which may lead to different responses to therapy. Sixty-nine patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn–Yahr stage ≤ 3) were screened from 436 patients with Parkinsonism recruited through outpatient services and the internet. According to the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) TD/PIGD ratio, the patients were divided into PIGD (TD/PIGD ≤ 0.09; n = 36), TD (TD/PIGD ≥1.15; n = 19), and indeterminate (TD/PIGD = 0.90–1.15; n = 14) groups. All patients received 2 weeks of multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT) during hospitalization, as well as a remote home rehabilitation health education class. Compared with the scores at admission, all patients showed significant improvements in their MDS-UPDRS III score, walking ability, balance, and posture control at discharge. Moreover, the MDS-UPDRS III score improvement was greater in the PIGD group than in the TD group. The follow-up data, collected for 3 months after discharge, showed that overall symptom improvement in each group was maintained for 1–3 months. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the duration or grade effects of symptom improvement among the three groups. These findings suggest that 2 weeks of MIRT is effective for improving motor performance in all three motor subtypes. Patients in the PIGD group had a better response after hospitalization than those in the TD group. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital of Capital Medical University of China (approval No. 2018bkky022) on May 7, 2018 and registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration No. ChiCTR1900020771) on January 19, 2019.

In-doped ZnO (IZO) nanowires were grown using the chemical vapour deposition method. The IZO nanowires have been characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The PL results demonstrated a larger band-gap for the IZO nanowires in comparison to the undoped ZnO. Two major emission peaks were observed for the IZO nanowires, one originated from the free exciton recombination (ultraviolet emission) and another possibly related to the deep-level emission (visible emission). Furthermore, the nonlinear optical characteristic of the nanowires was studied using picosecond Z-scan technique. The experimental results show that the two and three-photon absorption coefficient of samples were able to be observed. These studies make the promising potential applications of the samples in the development of multifunctional all-optical devices.

We present the structural and nonlinear optical behavior of Ag-doped ZnO (AZO) films prepared by magnetron sputtering. The structural of AZO films are systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results show that AZO films can still retain a wurtzite structure, although the c -axis as preferred orientation is decreased by Ag doping. As the amounts of the Ag dopant were increased, the crystallinity as well as the absorptivity and optical band gap were increased. Moreover, the nonlinear optical characterized of the AZO films was studied using Z -scan technique. These samples show self-defocusing nonlinearity and good nonlinear absorption behavior which increases with increasing Ag volume fraction. AZO is a potential nanocomposite material for the development of nonlinear optical devices with a relatively small limiting threshold.

Ultrafast dynamics of the excited state of 2,9,16,23-phenoxy-phthalocyanine (Pc1) and 2,9,16,23-phenoxy-phthalocyanine-zinc (Pc2) has been investigated using femtosecond transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved fluorescence (TRFL) techniques. The observed dynamics of femtosecond TA and TRFL experiments are similar, which demonstrated the intrinsic properties of the excitation and the relaxation processes in both kinds of phthalocyanines with two decay components. A multi level model has been proposed to explain the photophysical processes after Soret-band excitation. The results show that the fast decay component dynamics comes from the intramolecular vibrational relaxation, the slower ones from the internal conversion. The samples are expected to be a potential candidate for optical applications and photodynamic therapy.

We investigated the one/two-photon fluorescence and excited state dynamics properties of two synthesized phenoxy-phthalocyanines (Pc1 and Pc2) using mild reaction coordination method. The results show that the fast decay component in the time-resolved fluorescence technique dynamics comes from the intramolecular vibrational relaxation, the slower ones from the internal conversion. Furthermore, in comparison with one-photon fluorescence spectra, the red shift of two-photon fluorescence spectra can be explained by the reabsorption effect of molecules. The samples are expected to be a potential candidate for optical applications and photodynamic therapy.

Objective To explore the efficacy and toxicities of gemcitabine combined with S-1 in treating locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and prognostic factors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer receiving gemcitabine and S-1 as first-line therapy in the Department of Medical Oncology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to January 2017.Gemcitabine was administered at a dose of 1000 mg/m目的 探讨吉西他滨联合替吉奥治疗局部晚期和转移性胰腺导管腺癌的疗效和不良反应,以及可能影响患者生存的因素。方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院肿瘤内科2014年1月至2017年1月病理确诊并接受吉西他滨联合替吉奥方案(第1、8天吉西他滨1000 mg/m

Long-term excessive sodium fluoride (NaF) intake can cause many bone diseases and nonskeletal fluorosis. The kidneys are the primary organs involved in the excretion and retention of NaF. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of NaF treatment on renal cell apoptosis, DNA damage, and the protein expression levels of cytosolic cytochrome C (Cyt C) and cleaved caspases 9, 8, and 3 in vivo. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups (control, low fluoride, medium fluoride, and high fluoride) and administered 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L of NaF, respectively, via drinking water for 120 days. Histopathological changes in the kidneys were visualized using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Renal cell apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry, and renal cell DNA damage was detected using the comet assay. Cytosolic Cyt C and cleaved caspases 9, 8, and 3 protein expression levels were visualized using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The results showed that NaF treatment increased apoptosis and DNA damage. In addition, NaF treatment increased the protein expression levels of cytosolic Cyt C and cleaved caspases 9, 8, and 3. These results indicated that NaF induces apoptosis in the kidney of rats through caspase-mediated pathway, and DNA damage may be involved in this process.

The biological effects of fluoride on human health are often extensive, either beneficial or detrimental. Among the various effects of fluoride exposure in different organs, the reproductive tract is particularly susceptible to disruption by fluoride at a sufficient concentration. It has attracted much attention to the effect of sodium fluoride on male fertility, gestational female, and offspring. Herein, we applied a widespread natural compound sodium fluoride (NaF) and investigated the effects of acute NaF exposure on Leydig cells, including their proliferation, apoptosis, and signal pathway changes. Our results demonstrated that high dosage of NaF could inhibit cell proliferation by stress-induced apoptosis, which was confirmed by cellular and molecular evidences. We found that fluoride exposure affected the expression levels of stress response factors, signal transduction components, and apoptosis-related proteins, including caspase-3/caspase-9, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bax. This study suggests that the complex effects of fluoride on Leydig cells are closely related to its dosage.