Search

The arms race between fungal pathogens and plant hosts involves recognition of fungal effectors to induce host immunity. Although various fungal effectors have been identified, the effector functions of ribonucleases are largely unknown. Herein, we identified a ribonuclease secreted by Verticillium dahliae (VdRTX1) that translocates into the plant nucleus to modulate immunity. The activity of VdRTX1 causes hypersensitive response (HR)-related cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana and cotton. VdRTX1 possesses a signal peptide but is unlikely to be an apoplastic effector because its nuclear localization in the plant is necessary for cell death induction. Knockout of VdRTX1 significantly enhanced V. dahliae virulence on tobacco while V. dahliae employs the known suppressor VdCBM1 to escape the immunity induced by VdRTX1. VdRTX1 homologs are widely distributed in fungi but transient expression of 24 homologs from other fungi did not yield cell death induction, suggesting that this function is specific to the VdRTX1 in V. dahliae. Expression of site-directed mutants of VdRTX1 in N. benthamiana leaves revealed conserved ligand-binding sites that are important for VdRTX1 function in inducing cell death. Thus, VdRTX1 functions as a unique HR-inducing effector in V. dahliae that contributes to the activation of plant immunity.

Phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases is the most common and important regulatory pathway in the adaptive physiological responses to the changes in nutrition and environment of yeast. This study focused on the functions of Elm1, Sak1, and Tos3, which are three upstream protein kinases of Snf1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in response to high-glucose and heat shock stresses. Results suggested that changing the gene dosage of ELM1/SAK1/TOS3 had different effects under high-glucose and heat shock stresses. ELM1 and SAK1 overexpressions could enhance the tolerance of S. cerevisiae to high-glucose and heat shock stresses, respectively. Nevertheless, the overexpression of TOS3 decreased the tolerance to high-glucose stress, and a native level of Tos3 was important for the normal adaptation to heat shock condition. The overexpression of ELM1 increased the accumulation of trehalose and ergosterol and altered the composition of fatty acids with altered gene expressions involved in the metabolism of three metabolites. Enhanced resistance to heat shock stress in SAK1 overexpression might be related to the enhanced accumulation of trehalose and ergosterol and upregulated transcription of genes related to the metabolism of trehalose and ergosterol. Furthermore, Elm1 might regulate the metabolism of trehalose, ergosterol, and fatty acids in a Snf1-independent form under high-glucose stress. A Snf1-independent pathway might be involved in the regulation of trehalose metabolism by Sak1 under heat shock condition. However, Sak1 and Snf1 may have an indirect relationship in the regulation of ergosterol synthesis. KEY POINTS: • Altering the gene dosage of ELM1/SAK1/TOS3 had different effects on stress responses • Elm1 regulated high-glucose response in a Snf1-independent manner • Sak1 and Snf1 had an indirect relationship in the regulation of heat shock response.

Although standard bicaval techniques has become popular in orthotopic heart transplantation, distortion, bleeding, thrombosis and arrhythmia were still causes for concern. This study was designed to compare the standard bicaval techniques and modified bicaval techniques in our institution.A total of 70 recipients underwent orthotopic heart transplantation at our center from June 2015 to April 2019 (standard group = 24 cases, modified group = 46 cases). The average follow-up period was 46.4 ± 17.4 months. Atrioventricular cavity diameter was measured by ultrasonography and left atrial morphology was evaluated by CT-angiography and three-dimensional reconstruction.Recipients in both groups were similar with pre-operative characteristics. Total ischemic, cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times were similar. The modified bicaval techniques group has a significantly fewer blood transfusion, lower post-transplant tricuspid regurgitation grade and the incidence of post-operative atrial arrhythmia than standard bicaval techniques group. CT-angiography and three-dimensional reconstruction illustrated ideal and physiologic left atrial morphological structure. Short-term survival differed significantly and the cumulative proportion of survival was significantly higher in the modified bicaval techniques group than that in the standard bicaval techniques group.This study showed that modified bicaval techniques offers a better early outcome than standard bicaval techniques. The significant reduction of intraoperative blood transfusion and post-transplant tricuspid regurgitation grade in the modified bicaval techniques group may has a major impact on the short-term survival.

Usually, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory fire retardancy of epoxy resin at low addition by adding inorganic nano-fillers alone. Herein, sepiolite nanofibers loaded with layered double metal hydroxide (a-SEP@LDH) and P/N-containing flame retardant nanosheet (PAMA) were prepared via hydrothermal method, respectively. The UL-94 V-0 rating and an LOI value of 31.6% were achieved for EP by loading 1wt% a-SEP@LDH and 2wt% PAMA. Compared to adding sole a-SEP@LDH, the thermal stability of EP/a-SEP@LDH/PAMA was improved significantly, the total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (pHRR) decreased by 10.2% and 28.8%, respectively. Additionally, the total CO2 production decreased by 12.5% and the char residue yield increased to 19.9wt%. Moreover, the tensile strength and impact strength of the EP composites were remarkably improved owing to the incorporation of PAMA. To sum up, this work provides an environmentally benign, low-cost and efficient way for EP to achieve outstanding fire retardance, excellent thermal stability and high mechanical properties at a low addition.

BACKGROUND Facial cosmetic procedures become popular for people with a desire to have a younger appearance, and cosmetic technology has developed rapidly over the past several decades. However, increasing complications related to cosmetic injections have been reported, and infection is one of the most serious problems and can cause anxiety and facial injury. We here report a case of Majocchi's granuloma (MG) caused by Trichophyton rubrum after facial injection of hyaluronic acid. CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a history of red papules, nodules, and abscesses on her left zygomatic arch for 2 mo. She had received a cosmetic injection of hyaluronic acid on the left side of her face prior to the appearance of the lesions. MG caused by Trichophyton rubrum after facial injection of hyaluronic acid was diagnosed based on morphology and molecular biological identification. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A2 method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were used to evaluate the antifungal susceptibility. The antifungal agents and their minimal inhibitory concentrations for the strain were terbinafine (< 0.5 μg/mL), itraconazole (0.06 μg/mL), amphotericin B (0.25 μg/mL), fluconazole (32 μg/mL), voriconazole (0.125 μg/mL), posaconazole (0.125 μg/mL), and isavuconazole (0.06 μg/mL). We initially administered 250 mg/d oral terbinafine for 2 mo, but the patient still had painful papules, nodules and abscesses on her face. Then, we adjusted the treatment to itraconazole 400 mg/d for 8 wk based on the in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing results. The skin lesions improved significantly, and there was no recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION This case revealed that facial injection of hyaluronic acid may cause serious MG. Antifungal susceptibility testing should be considered in the treatment of MG caused by Trichophyton rubrum.

Cardiac fibrosis is a major structural change observed in the heart of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ultimately resulting in heart failure (HF). Suppression of inflammation is an effective therapeutic strategy for treating cardiac fibrosis and HF. Gentiopicroside (GPS), the primary component of Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa, possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. However, its cardioprotective role remains elusive.We explored the potential cardioprotective role of GPS in T2DM rats and its underlying mechanisms.T2DM rats built by high-fat diet and streptozotocin were orally administered 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg GPS, daily for 8 weeks. The positive control drug was Metformin (200 mg/kg/day). Primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were induced by high glucose (30 mM) and subsequently treated with GPS (100 μM). Cardiac function and pathological changes were analyzed using echocardiography and histological staining. Potential targets of GPS were predicted using Molecular docking. Real-time PCR as well as western blotting were applied to verify the expression of objective genes.All three doses reduced fasting blood glucose levels, but only 50 and 100 mg/kg GPS improved cardiac function and alleviated inflammation and fibrosis in T2DM rats. GPS (100 mg/kg) exhibited a better effect, similar to that of metformin. Mechanistically, binding between GPS and the MH2 domain of Smad3 blocked high glucose-induced Smad3 phosphorylation, thus attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation in CFs.We, for the first time, demonstrated that GPS improved cardiac function in T2DM rats and elucidated the underlying mechanism through which GPS targeted Smad3 phosphorylation to suppress inflammation and activation in CFs, thereby revealing the potential application of GPS in HF therapy.

The genomics era has ushered in exciting possibilities to examine the genetic bases that undergird the characteristic features of

Background Freezing stress is the key factor that affecting the cell activity and fermentation performance of baker’s yeast in frozen dough production. Generally, cells protect themselves from injury and maintain metabolism by regulating gene expression and modulating metabolic patterns in stresses. The Snf1 protein kinase is an important regulator of yeast in response to stresses. In this study, we aim to study the role of the catalytic subunit of Snf1 protein kinase in the cell tolerance and dough leavening ability of baker’s yeast during freezing. Furthermore, the effects of SNF1 overexpression on the global gene expression and metabolite profile of baker’s yeast before and after freezing were analysed using RNA-sequencing and untargeted UPLC − QTOF-MS/MS, respectively. Results The results suggest that overexpression of SNF1 was effective in enhancing the cell tolerance and fermentation capacity of baker’s yeast in freezing, which may be related to the upregulated proteasome, altered metabolism of carbon sources and protectant molecules, and changed cell membrane components. SNF1 overexpression altered the level of leucin, proline, serine, isoleucine, arginine, homocitrulline, glycerol, palmitic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) before freezing, conferring cells resistance in freezing. After freezing, relative high level of proline, lysine, and glycerol maintained by SNF1 overexpression with increased content of LysoPC and LysoPE. Conclusions This study will increase the knowledge of the cellular response of baker’s yeast cells to freezing and provide new opportunities for the breeding of low-temperature resistant strains.

Background The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family especially MCT1 and MCT4 have been recognized to play an important role in lactate transport, a key glycolytic product. The expression of MCT1 and MCT4 expression was previously found to be related to poor outcome in various cancer types. In this study, we investigated the expression status of MCT1 and MCT4 and their relationship with prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Expression of MCT4 and MCT1 in NSCLC tumor and adjacent lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to evaluate two proteins’ prognostic role, and the log-rank test obtained the P value. For multivariate analysis, the Cox proportional-hazards regression method was performed. Results High MCT4 and MCT1 expression was observed in cancer cells, with a rate of 45% for MCT4 versus 15% for MCT1 among all NSCLC patients. High expression of MCT4, and not MCT1, was associated with worse overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) =1.96 (1.06–3.75), P=0.032] and progression-free survival (PFS) [HR =1.72 (1.05–2.93), P=0.032] in NSCLC patients. In our multivariate analysis, advanced cancer stage and high MCT4 level were identified as independent predictive indicators for both PFS [HR(MCT4) =1.888 (1.114–3.199), P=0.018 and OS [HR (MCT4) =2.421 (1.271–4.610), P=0.007]. Subgroup and interaction analyses were also performed in different clinical characteristic groups and no significant differences were observed. Conclusions High MCT4 expression is a predictive marker for worse outcome in NSCLC patients.

Visual-inertial odometry (VIO) is a process of estimating the position and orientation of an mobile platform (e.g., vehicle, robot) using measurements from on-board cameras and IMU sensor. In this paper, a visual-inertial odometry algorithm is presented which can achieves accurate performance. In the proposed method, relative position and orientation between the body frames at different time instants are estimated by MIMU and monoVO separately, then an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to combining these estimation for achieving an accurate estimation of the motion. Experiment is conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method in real environment.

Studies were conducted to identify candidate soil microbes responsible for observed differences in strawberry vigour at a small spatial scale, which was not associated with visual disease symptoms. Samples were obtained from the soils close to the rhizosphere of ‘big’ and ‘small’ plants from small plots which exhibited large local heterogeneity in plant vigour. A metabarcoding approach was used to profile bacterial and fungal compositions, using two primer pairs for 16S ribosomal RNA genes (16S rDNA) and one for the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Of the two 16S rDNA primer sets, the 341F/805R resulted in sequences of better quality. A total 28 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) had differential relative abundance between samples from ‘big’ and ‘small’ plants. However, plausible biological explanation was only possible for three fungal OTUs. Two were possible phytopathogens: Verticillium spp. and Alternaria alternata although the latter has never been considered as a main pathogen of strawberry in the UK. For samples from ‘small’ plants, the abundance of these OTUs was much greater than from ‘big’ plants. The opposite was true for a mycorrhizal OTU. These results suggest that soil microbes related to crop production can be identified using metabarcoding technique. Further research is needed to assess whether A. alternata and Verticillium spp. could affect strawberry growth in the field.

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici , is an important wheat disease in China, seriously threatening wheat production. Understanding the winter survival of the fungus is a key for predicting the spring epidemics of the disease, which determines the crop loss. Estimation of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici winter survival requires processing a large number of samples for sensitive detection of the pathogen in wheat leaf tissue using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). A bottleneck for the analysis is the acquisition of a good yield of high quality RNA suitable for qRT-PCR to distinguish dead and alive fungal hyphae inside leaves. Although several methods have been described in the literatures and commercial kits are available for RNA extraction, these methods are mostly too complicated, expensive and inefficient. Thus, we modified three previously reported RNA extraction methods with common and low-cost reagents (LiCl, SDS and NaCl) to solve the problems and selected the best to obtain high quality and quantity RNA for use in qRT-PCR. In the three improved methods, the NaCl method was proven to be the best for extracting RNA from urediniospores of and wheat leaves infected by P. striiformis f. sp. tritici , although the modified LiCl and SDS methods also increased yield of RNA compared to the previous methods. The improved NaCl method has the following advantages: 1) Complete transfer of urediniospores of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from the mortar and pestle can ensure the initial amount of RNA for the qRT-PCR analysis; 2) the use of low-cost NaCl to replace more expensive Trizol can reduce the cost; 3) the yield and quality of RNA can be increased; 4) the improved method is more suitable for a large number and high quantity of samples from fields. Using the improved NaCl method, the amount of RNA was increased three times from urediniospores of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici compared from the extraction kit. Approximately, 10.11 μg total RNA of high quality was obtained from 100 mg of infected leaves, which was 8.8, 6.5, 3.4 and 2.1 folds of the amounts obtained from the previous LiCl, SDS, NaCl and traditional Trizol methods, respectively. The method could be used to study the overwintering rates of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici over a large region of wheat production for predicting epidemic levels by determining pathogen survival levels after winter. The method can also be used in any studies which need a large number of high quality RNA samples.

Liver cancer is the leading cause of cancer‑related mortality worldwide and its incidence is increasing. Considerable effort has been made in recent decades to improve the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Advanced liver cancer often exhibits a poor response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis due to acquired chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Understanding the precise molecular mechanisms that are responsible for chemotherapeutic drug‑induced cell death could potentially identify novel therapeutic targets and improve liver cancer treatment. In the present study, it was demonstrated that in response to doxorubicin, the most frequently used chemical compound for liver cancer treatment, histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is specifically downregulated. This enables forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) upregulation, translocation into the nucleus and increased expression of its target genes p27 and Bim, which further induce apoptosis. Overexpression of SIRT6, but not enzyme‑inactivated mutants, prevents FOXO3 translocation into the nucleus and doxorubicin‑induced cell death. SIRT6 interacts with FOXO3 and this interaction increases FOXO3 ubiquitination and decreases its stability. Finally, it was identified that the effect of SIRT6 in preventing doxorubicin‑induced cell death requires FOXO3. Overexpression of SIRT6 could not prevent doxorubicin‑induced cell death in FOXO3‑knockdown cells. Therefore, it was concluded that SIRT6 plays a central role in determining doxorubicin‑induced cell death via modulation of FOXO3 activity. Therapeutic targeting of SIRT6 and/or FOXO3 may offer novel strategies for treatment of liver cancer.

Mitochondrial distribution in cells is critical for cellular function and proper inheritance during cell division. In mammalian cells, mitochondria are transported predominantly along microtubules by kinesin and dynein motors that bind indirectly via TRAK1 and TRAK2 to outer mitochondrial membrane proteins Miro1 and Miro2 (Miro1/2). Here, using proximity labelling, we identified Miro1/2 as potential binding partners of myosin XIX (Myo19). Interaction studies show that Miro1 binds directly to a C-terminal fragment of the Myo19 tail region and that Miro1/2 recruit the Myo19 tail

Mitochondrial distribution in cells is critical for cellular function and proper inheritance during cell division. In mammalian cells, mitochondria are transported predominantly along microtubules by kinesin and dynein motors that bind indirectly via TRAK1 and TRAK2 to outer mitochondrial membrane proteins Miro1 and Miro2 (Miro1/2). Here, using proximity labelling, we identified Miro1/2 as potential binding partners of myosin XIX (Myo19). Interaction studies show that Miro1 binds directly to a C-terminal fragment of the Myo19 tail region and that Miro1/2 recruit the Myo19 tail in vivo This recruitment is regulated by the nucleotide state of the N-terminal Rho-like GTPase domain of Miro1/2. Notably, Myo19 protein stability in cells depends on its association with Miro1/2. Downregulation of Miro1/2 or overexpression of the adaptor proteins TRAK1 and TRAK2 caused a reduction in Myo19 protein levels. Myo19 regulates the subcellular distribution of mitochondria, and downregulation, as well as overexpression, of Myo19 induced perinuclear collapse of mitochondria, phenocopying loss of the kinesin KIF5, dynein or their mitochondrial receptors Miro1/2. These results suggest that Miro1 and Miro2 coordinate microtubule- and actin-based mitochondrial movement.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

Graphene has been used to enhance conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) through increased electronic transportation. Introduction of graphene into DSSC is realized through reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene or RGO in TiO 2 nanoparticles in solution. Chemical and hydrothermal reactions are two commonly used avenues. In the chemical route, toxic hydrazine and its derivatives are the typical reducing agent. Hydrothermal process is not toxic but requires prolonged heating. In this study, we mix flakes of GO with TiO 2 nanoparticles and use vitamin C to realize the reduction at room temperature. The RGO–TiO 2 composite films are then used as photoanode in DSSC. A conversion efficiency of 30% increase (to 7.89%) is obtained as compared to that of the pure TiO 2 photoanode.

The ability of the avoidance to movable obstacle is inefficient in robot path planning using traditional artificial potential field. An improved potential field model based on potential flow theory is proposed to achieve high efficient mobile robot path planning. The Zhukovsky transformation is used to optimize the configuration and function of the potential model to satisfy the reliability of avoiding mobile obstacle, and a further investigation of the vortex is applied to prevent the local minima. The application of the improved potential field model to multi-obstacle potential superposition is discussed to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the improved method is able to avoid mobile obstacles and prevent local minima efficiently.

The ideological and political education is the central link to advance the construction of spiritual civilization in China. It is of vital importance to conduct the control studies of the ideological and political education process. By exploring the ideological and political education process, this paper, based on the points of scholars represented by Zhang Yaocan, divides ideological and political education into three phases including formulation of the education scheme, implementation and assessment. It aims at figuring out the problems in different links of it so as to put forward proper and practical controlling measures, which results in satisfactory effect of ideological and political education.

Based on the topography of micro WEDM surface, lubricant retention, bearing capability, and sealing performance were evaluated by using the surface bearing index, lubricant retention index of core area, and lubricant retention index of valley bottom respectively. The results show that the micro WEDM surface with the characteristic of isotropy texture is beneficial to store lubricating oil, and the lubricant retention property is superior to that of the traditional machining surface.

The human wrist has three rotational DOFs. Elbow muscle group work together to drive the wrist joint. According to the above characteristics of human wrist, parallel mechanism with three rotational DOFs of the imitation of human wrist is built. Traditional method for calculating DOF based on arithmetic is not that accurate. The method for analysis of DOF based on theory of constraint screw is explained. According to theory of constraint screw, the parallel mechanism built was analyzed. All the kinematic pairs in the mechanism will be expressed with screws so that the common constraints and the over constraints will be obtained. Through analysis above, the DOFs of the mechanism can be calculated and which a few degrees of freedom of the mechanism will be known. The new method avoids the disadvantages of the traditional method.

Water resource, as a kind of important economic and natural resource, plays a vital role in sustainable development of society. Currently, global water resources situation is increasingly severe, especially in China. The water resource distribution in China is uneven with low efficiency and pollution problem. Based on a full analysis of research actuality in China and abroad, this article explores water use efficiency and input redundancy of 31 provincial regions in China for the year of 2011. Reasonable indexes are chosen to evaluate the efficiency based on advanced DEA for helping establishing future policies.

There are a number of problems with the traditional way of machining Nomex composite materials, Ultrasonic vibration cutting as a new method can overcome most of the problems. This paper presents the machining process characteristics of ultrasonic cutting honeycomb structures of Nomex composite materials using two kinds of specials tools, and has a research on Ultrasonic machining tools posture control strategy, then proposed calculation method of generating the cutter location date. The main system was developed to meet the automatic generation cutting path of Nomex composite materials based on VS2008 and UG commercial software. The result of experiment shows this system can automatic generate rational machining path and correct NC date.

In the Precision control industry, Due to a strong hysteresis characteristics of MSMA actuators between input and output , the positioning accuracy of the drive have been affected seriously, and its wider application limited.In order to improve the positioning accuracy of MSMA actuators, to eliminate or reduce the hysteresis characteristic,in this paper ,hysteresis compensation for MSMA actuators is proposed ,three methods like traditional PID feedback ,and feed-forward compensation ,and composite control with PID and feed-forward compensation ,these three methods are compared . results show that the composite control has better control performance,the MSMA actuators control accuracy kept in 0.8% range.

The improved design of the form of product is related to the free-form surface treatment, but the use of the product which forms the point cloud data to obtain a satisfactory surface reconstruction is difficult. NURBS surface fitting technique, the appearance of the product first be classified according to form, and then accordingly the product shape reconstruction, it is much easier. Facts have proved that the conditions does not require high precision, the use of NURBS fitting to reconstruct the free surface able to obtain a satisfactory product form. This improved design of the product form is practical.

Bag is an important stuff in daily life, which is used to carry personal necessary articles. The elderly people usually cant distinguish the articles in the bag easily due to the decrease of vision with age. Moreover, because of the poor immunity, the elderly people are easy to be infected by bacteria. The purpose of this paper is to design an elderly-specific bag which can help elderly people distinguish the articles by touch and avoid infection due to the contamination of food and drug by mixed together with money and keys etc. Questionnaires were prepared and given to 80 aged people to determine the stuffs which they usually carry in the bags. After statistical analysis, graphic symbols were designed to characterize the stuffs that the elderly people carry most often in daily life. These symbols were tested by the aged people to determine which is the most suitable to characterize the correspond stuff. After that a bag with these symbols and modular was designed.

We research the new thin film transformer equivalent circuit modeling, simulate and modify the traditional estimate formula of the transformer equivalent circuit parameters, in order to attain the automatic extraction of thin film transformer parameters. This paper used MATLAB and Agilent ADS on the thin film transformers for the S parameter simulation. The simulation results show the estimation has better accurate and universal, it also shows the effect of different number of turns and thin film materials on the properties of thin film transformer.

Collaborative design of project oriented product involves not only the multidisciplinary knowledge synergy technology and cooperative managing technology of multiple design processes, but also the organization that puts the collaborative design into practice. Collaborative design is a complicate social-technology system which reflects product cognition process and the social relations of design teams. Based on the theory of systems engineering, a three dimensional description system of collaborative design is presented in this paper: disciplinary dimension, design process dimension and organization dimension. A spiral model of collaborative design process is proposed to express the reciprocity between disciplinary dimension and design process dimension. Design organization is viewed as the core of the social-technology system of collaborative design. The organization is depicted with class diagram. Researching collaborative design from the view point of socio-technical system, research field of design methodology is extended and it is beneficial to design methodologys guidance for complex product design, which also lays a solid foundation for further study on knowledge management in collaborative design.

With the rapid development of computer science, image processing, and pattern recognition, people are paying more and more attention on research and application of machine vision, which has resulted in excellent results in many fields. Depending on the features of untouched, fast-speed, real-time, proper precision, anti-interference, the inspection technology based on machine vision has been researched deeply and comprehensive applied aboard. Recently, the size measurement technology based on machine vision has been applied in the size measurement of the machine processing parts. A case study of typical regular mechanical parts, algorithm of position and size measurement of line, circle center and radius are researched, and good results are got, which established an academic foundation for further measurement of complex parts.

The cultivation of microalgae was studied experimentally in a glass semi-continuous photo-bioreactor. The effect of temperature, light intensity and light frequency on the growth rate of Isochrysis galbana was investigated in the work. The results showed that the optimum temperature and light intensity for the higher growth rate were 25°C and 18000 lux, respectively, the biomass productivity was 1.20×10-3g/(L•h). When the light frequency was 20hz,the the growth rate of I.galbana was the highest, which was 18.6% higher than that in continuous illumination..

This article introduced the Nomex honeycomb composite material, analyzed the insufficient of the traditional milling process in Nomex honeycomb composite processing, and proposed using the characteristics of ultrasonic cutting combined with NC technology to process the honeycomb composites. It analyzed the forming principle of the corresponding curved surface according to the special ultrasonic cutting tool and cutting method, and established a corresponding error.

A novel spiral stacked thin film transformer was designed based on Si IC technology in this paper. And also, the stacked air core and ferrite core thin film transformers with different turns ratio were prepareed. Then, the S-parameter performance of these two kinds of transformers were measured. The measurement results show that the magnetic core thin film transformer has a better electronic transmission performance. It obtains maximum transmission efficiency 93.7% at the frequency range from 10MHz to 20GHz, and the air core transformer obtains maximum 89% at the same frequency range. Many testings show that ferrite core thin film transformer with turns ratio 1:1 can obtain the transmission efficiency over 60% at the frequency range from 2GHz to 16GHz.