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Glioma is the most prevalent primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). It represents a diverse group of brain malignancies characterized by the presence of various cancer cell types as well as an array of noncancerous cells, which together form the intricate glioma tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the interactions between glioma cells/glioma stem cells (GSCs) and these noncancerous cells is crucial for exploring the pathogenesis and development of glioma. To invesigate these interactions requires in vitro co-culture models that closely mirror the actual TME in vivo. In this review, we summarize the two- and three-dimensional in vitro co-culture model systems for glioma-TME interactions currently available. Furthermore, we explore common glioma-TME cell interactions based on these models, including interactions of glioma cells/GSCs with endothelial cells/pericytes, microglia/macrophages, T cells, astrocytes, neurons, or other multi-cellular interactions. Together, this review provides an update on the glioma-TME interactions, offering insights into glioma pathogenesis.

Periodic electric current pulses, i.e. electropulses, were applied on selective laser melting prepared 15-5 precipitation hardening stainless steel for direct aging. Traditional aging treatment typically takes hours to achieve peak hardening and could induce reverted austenite. Herein, electropulsing treatment on as-built sample can dramatically reduce the processing time to 6 min. Moreover, the nucleation of reverted austenite triggered by the segregation of Ni atoms on the interfaces between Cu-rich precipitates and martensite was not observed. These two unique phenomena were rationalized to the unsynchronized enhancement of diffusivity of Cu and Ni atoms under electropulses due to their different electron configurations.

Abstract Background Evidence has revealed a connection between cuproptosis and the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. While the efficacy of a model based on cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in predicting the prognosis of peripheral organ tumors has been demonstrated, the impact of CRGs on the prognosis and the immunological landscape of gliomas remains unexplored. Methods We screened CRGs to construct a novel scoring tool and developed a prognostic model for gliomas within the various cohorts. Afterward, a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between the CRG risk signature and the immunological landscape of gliomas was undertaken from multiple perspectives. Results Five genes (NLRP3, ATP7B, SLC31A1, FDX1, and GCSH) were identified to build a CRG scoring system. The nomogram, based on CRG risk and other signatures, demonstrated a superior predictive performance (AUC of 0.89, 0.92, and 0.93 at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively) in the training cohort. Furthermore, the CRG score was closely associated with various aspects of the immune landscape in gliomas, including immune cell infiltration, tumor mutations, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion, immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T lymphocyte and immune exhaustion-related markers, as well as cancer signaling pathway biomarkers and cytokines. Conclusion The CRG risk signature may serve as a robust biomarker for predicting the prognosis and the potential viability of immunotherapy responses. Moreover, the key candidate CRGs might be promising targets to explore the underlying biological background and novel therapeutic interventions in gliomas.

Abstract Background The clinical features of cerebellar high-grade gliomas (cHGGs) in adults have not been thoroughly explored. This large-scale, population-based study aimed to comprehensively outline these traits and construct a predictive model. Methods Patient records diagnosed with gliomas were collected from various cohorts and analyzed to compare the features of cHGGs and supratentorial HGGs (sHGGs). Cox regression analyses were employed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival and to develop a nomogram for predicting survival probabilities in patients with cHGGs. Multiple machine learning methods were applied to evaluate the efficacy of the predictive model. Results There were significant differences in prognosis, with SEER-cHGGs showing a median survival of 7.5 months and sHGGs 14.9 months (p

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify prognostic factors for survival and develop a prognostic nomogram to predict the survival probability of elderly patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs).MethodsElderly patients with histologically confirmed LGG were recruited from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. These individuals were randomly allocated to the training and validation cohorts at a 2:1 ratio. First, Kaplan−Meier survival analysis and subgroup analysis were performed. Second, variable screening of all 13 variables and a comparison of predictive models based on full Cox regression and LASSO-Cox regression analyses were performed, and the key variables in the optimal model were selected to construct prognostic nomograms for OS and CSS. Finally, a risk stratification system and a web-based dynamic nomogram were constructed.ResultsA total of 2307 elderly patients included 1220 males and 1087 females, with a median age of 72 years and a mean age of 73.30 ± 6.22 years. Among them, 520 patients (22.5%) had Grade 2 gliomas, and 1787 (77.5%) had Grade 3 gliomas. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed four independent prognostic factors (age, WHO grade, surgery, and chemotherapy) that were used to construct the full Cox model. In addition, LASSO-Cox regression analysis revealed five prognostic factors (age, WHO grade, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy), and a LASSO model was constructed. A comparison of the two models revealed that the LASSO model with five variables had better predictive performance than the full Cox model with four variables. Ultimately, five key variables based on LASSO-Cox regression were utilized to develop prognostic nomograms for predicting the 1-, 2-, and 5-year OS and CSS rates. The nomograms exhibited relatively good predictive ability and clinical utility. Moreover, the risk stratification system based on the nomograms effectively divided patients into low-risk and high-risk subgroups.ConclusionVariable screening based on LASSO-Cox regression was used to determine the optimal prediction model in this study. Prognostic nomograms could serve as practical tools for predicting survival probabilities, categorizing these patients into different mortality risk subgroups, and developing personalized decision-making strategies for elderly patients with LGGs. Moreover, the web-based dynamic nomogram could facilitate its use in the clinic.

The high cost of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) fabricated high-strength Sc containing aluminium alloy hinders its applications. To reduce the cost, we reported a LPBF fabricated strong and ductile Al–Mn–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy using large layer thicknesses to improve the fabrication efficiency on coarse powder particles. A high relative density exceeding 99.2% was achieved at layer thicknesses up to 120 μm. In post-process heat-treated specimens, the yield strength only had a slight 6% decrease from layer thickness of 30 to 120 μm; such a decrease in strength was attributed to the larger grain size resulted from the adopted larger layer thickness. The fabricated sample at layer thickness of 120 μm still exhibited high tensile yield strength of 472 MPa and fracture strain of ∼10%. This work showed a successful application of improving the LPBF fabrication efficiency of high-strength Al–Mn–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy using large layer thickness in LPBF process.

Carbon dots (CDs) are a fascinating new type of fluorescent carbon nanomaterial with excellent photoelectric properties. However, preparing long-wavelength and multicolor-emitting CDs has been challenging, limiting their large-scale applications. Fortunately, a new efficient method has been proposed to co-regulate CDs' multicolor spectra using an ultrasonic microreactor. Inspired by plant leaves, a bionic vein microchannel was designed with good fluidity and high energy transfer efficiency. The optimal microchannel structural parameters were determined after investigating the effects of fractal angle, depth-to-width ratio, and inlet angle on the flow uniformity of the microchannel using numerical simulations. The efficiency of ultrasonic energy transfer was improved by directly coupling the microreactor and the sandwich transducer to fabricate the ultrasonic microreactor. Simulation results showed that the ultrasonic microreactor's vibration resonated along the longitudinal direction, and the ultrasonic intensity of the microreactor was maximal and uniform. A high-efficiency and controllable ultrasonic microreactor system was built to synthesize the CDs in situ. The influence of the ultrasound field intensity on CDs' preparation in a microreactor was simultaneously investigated to verify the ultrasound enhancement, and the PLQY of the high-performance CDs was found to be 83.1%. The CDs' multicolor spectra from the blue to the red region can be precisely tuned by adjusting key reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, flow rate, and precursor concentration. This new method shows promising applications in lighting, display, and other fields, making CDs a versatile and exciting new material to explore.

Abstract Background The current molecular classifications cannot completely explain the polarized malignant biological behavior of low‐grade gliomas (LGGs), especially for tumor recurrence. Therefore, we tried to identify suspicious hub genes related to tumor recurrence in LGGs. Methods In this study, we constructed a gene‐miRNA‐lncRNA co‐expression network for LGGs by a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA). GDCRNATools and the WGCNA R package were mainly used in data analysis. Results Sequencing data from 502 LGG patients were analyzed in this study. Compared with recurrent glioma tissues, we identified 774 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 49 DE miRNAs, and 129 DE lncRNAs in primary LGGs and ultimately determined that the expression of MKLN1 was related to tumor recurrence in LGG. Conclusion This study identified the potential biomarkers for the pathogenesis and recurrence of LGGs and proposed that MKLN1 could be a potential therapeutic target.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence and significant clinical outcomes of pre-extensively drug-resistant plus additional drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-plus) in Henan Provincial Chest Hospital between 2017 and 2021. Methods: We analysed and summarized the drug sensitivity test (DST) results of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains in TB patients seeking care in the Tuberculosis Clinical Medical Research Centre of Henan Province between 2017 and 2021. Medical records of pre-extensively drug-resistant plus additional drug-resistant TB patients were statistically analysed, including demographic characteristics, regimens, and outcomes. Results: Of the 3689 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, 639 (17.32%), 353 (9.56%), and 109 (2.95%), multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR), and pre-XDR-plus, respectively. The proportion of MDR decreased from 19.1% in 2017 to 17.5% in 2021 (χ2 = 0.686, P = 0.407), the proportion of pre-XDR from 11.4% in 2017 to 9.0% in 2021 (χ2 = 2.39, P = 0.122), and pre-XDR-plus from 4.7% in 2017 to 1.8% in 2020, with the declining trend was significant (χ2 = 9.348, P = 0.002). The most commonly used anti-TB drugs were pyrazinamide (PZA, 37/46, 80.43%) and cycloserine (CS, 32/46, 69.57%), followed by linezolid (LZD, 25/46, 54.35%), protionamide (TH, 25/46, 54.35%), and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS, 23/46, 50.00%). Patients receiving the LZD regimen were 5 times more likely to have a favourable outcome than those not receiving LZD (OR = 6.421, 95% CI 2.101–19.625, P = 0.001). Patients receiving a regimen containing CS were 4 times more likely to have a favourable outcome compared to those not taking CS (OR = 5.444, 95% CI 1.650–17.926, P = 0.005). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the population of pre-XDR-plus had significantly decreased over the past five years in the Henan Provincial Chest Hospital. The COVID-19 and flood disaster affect TB patients’ selection of medical services. In addition, the pre-XDR-plus patients whose regimens contain LZD or CS were more likely to have favourable outcomes.

Abstract Background According to reports, between 30 and 40 percent of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases are caused by urinary tract tuberculosis (UTB). It is critical to identify UTB quickly since it frequently precedes delayed medical attention, which can have detrimental effects. This study examined the use of Xpert MTB/RIF, a PCR test that can detect MTB as well as resistance to an important drug, rifampicin (RIF), in UTB particularly, for the early identification of UTB. Methods 180 participants with clinically presumptive UTB whose urine samples were chosen for urine sediment smear, culture, Xpert MTB/RIF, and TB-DNA testing at Henan Chest Hospital between January 2019 and July 2022. Evaluation of test performance using Composite Reference Standards (CRSs). We studied and compared the positivity rate for various tests using the t-test. The effectiveness of smear, culture, Xpert MTB/RIF, and TB-DNA was assessed using McNemar test. Results In this subject, a total of 108 participants were diagnosed with UTB, and the positivity rate was 67.1%. Compared with CRS, the positivity rate of Xpert MTB/RIF, smear, culture, and TB-DNA was 29.69% (19/64, P 0.05), and 18.75% (6/32, P 0.05), and 26.7% (4/15, P > 0.05) for TB-DNA, respectively, compared to smear negative. Xpert MTB/RIF assay specificity was significant for culture and TB-DNA (53.6% vs. 25%, P

Accurately estimating vegetation productivity in the forest areas is important for studying the terrestrial ecosystem and carbon cycles. Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) vegetation production datasets provide new long-term basic products of gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) for monitoring the issues related with carbon exchange and carbon storage. But the coarse spatial resolution of the GLASS GPP/NPP products have limited their application in ecosystem service assessment in regional scales. In this paper, a spatial downscaling method based on GLASS vegetation production datasets and four typical deep learning methods (deep neural network, convolutional neural network, back propagation neural network and recurrent neural network) was proposed to generate high resolution GPP/NPP in the forest areas in the upper Luanhe River basin in the north of Hebei Province in China. Then the downscaled GPP/NPP were validated with ground measurement data and reference high resolution GPP/NPP data, and the accuracy of downscaled GPP/NPP from different deep learning methods was compared. Results of this paper indicated the applicability and feasibility of deep learning methods in downscaling GPP/NPP. Direct validation and cross validation demonstrated that downscaled GPP/NPP using convolutional neural network obtained the highest accuracy.

The association between polymorphisms in lncRNA H19 and cancer susceptibility remains to be inconsistent. This study aimed to provide a more precise estimation of the relationship between lncRNA H19 polymorphisms and the risk of cancer based on all available published studies. 53 studies encompassing 32,376 cases and 43,659 controls were included in our meta-analysis by searching the Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Pooled ORs and their 95% CIs were used to estimate the strength between the SNPs in H19 (rs217727, rs2839698, rs2107425, rs3024270, rs2735971, rs3741216, and rs3741219) and cancer susceptibility. The results showed that H19 rs2839698 polymorphism was associated with increased cancer risk in all participants under three genetic models. However, no significant association was identified between the other six SNPs as well as an overall cancer risk. Stratification by ethnicity showed that rs2839698 mutation indicated to be an important hazardous factor for the Asian population. While rs2107425 mutation had a protective effect on the Caucasian population. Stratification by cancer type identified that rs217727 mutation was linked to increased susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma; whereas rs2839698 mutation was associated with an elevated risk of hematological tumor and digestive system tumor (p < 0.05). Besides, the rs2735971 mutation was connected with the digestive system tumor. In summary, the rs217727, rs2839698, rs2107425 and rs2735971 polymorphisms in H19 have associations with cancer susceptibility.

Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) are a class of smart magnetic controlled materials whose rheological properties can be controlled by a magnetic field. These materials have advantages of short response time, high dynamic range and low energy consumption. Due to their excellent properties, MRFs have a widely application potential in the field of impact mitigation. As the shear rate dependent viscosity of MRFs is astonishing for the shear thinning effect, thus it is crucial to study the rheological properties cross a wide range of shear rates for guiding the design and application of MRFs based adaptive impact absorbers. Commercial rotational rheometers are usually used to test the rheological properties of MRFs, but their range of measuring shear rates are limited. Commercial capillary rheometers are designed to measure the rheological behavior over a wide range of shear rates, but they’re usually lack of ability to measure with magnetic field. In order to study the rheological properties of MRFs under higher shear rate and applied magnetic field, a lab-made speed-controlled capillary magneto-rheometer is developed in the presnt work; The expressions for equivalent shear rate and apparent viscosity of MRFs under the dimensional constraint of the set-up are derived. In addition, the theoretical expression of shear rate of MRFs is modified by Rabinowitsch correction. Then, the rheological properties of three particle volume fractions (10%, 15%, and 20%)of MRFs with different magnetic field strengths (6 mT, 13 mT, 20 mT, and 25 mT)are tested and analyzed, and the rheological characteristic curves of MRFs with shear rate range of 101s−1–105s−1 are obtained with the normalized characterization using Mason number. According to the experimental results, the MRFs show an obvious shear thinning phenomenon as shear rate increases, and in the Mason number based normalized characterization, the curves of different particle volume fractions are collapse to a master curve.

Most injectable preparations for the articular cavity are solution-type preparations that are frequently administered because of rapid elimination. In this study, triptolide (TPL), an effective ingredient in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was prepared in the form of a nanoparticle thermosensitive gel (TPL-NS-Gel). The particle size distribution and gel structure were investigated by TEM, laser particle size analysis and laser capture microdissection. The effect of the nanoparticle carrier material PLGA on the phase transition temperature was investigated by 1H variable temperature NMR and DSC. The tissue distribution, pharmacokinetic behavior, four inflammatory factors and therapeutic effect were determined in a rat RA model. The results suggested that PLGA increased the gel phase transition temperature. The drug concentration of the TPL-NS-Gel group in joint tissues was higher than that in other tissues at different time points, and the retention time was longer than that of the TPL-NS group. After 24 days of administration, TPL-NS-Gel significantly improved the joint swelling and stiffness of the rat models, and the improvement degree was better than that of the TPL-NS group. TPL-NS-Gel significantly decreased the levels of hs-CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and joint fluid. There was a significant difference between the TPL-NS-Gel and TPL-NS groups on Day 24 (p < 0.05). Pathological section results showed that inflammatory cell infiltration was lower in the TPL-NS-Gel group, and no other obvious histological changes were observed. Upon articular injection, the TPL-NS-Gel prolonged drug release, reduced the drug concentration outside the articular tissue and improved the therapeutic effect in a rat RA model. The TPL-NS-Gel can be used as a new type of sustained-release preparation for articular injection.

A non-contact torque sensor based on a magnetostrictive Fe30Co70 rod wound with an excitation coil and a pickup coil is proposed in this paper. In the magnetic field range 0–30 kA/m, the changing rate and linearity of magnetostriction with a loading magnetic field of Fe30Co70 samples are significantly improved after heat treatment. Maximum magnetostriction is 103 ppm in the annealed sample in the parallel direction, while its tensile strength and allowable shear stress are 608 and 194.56 MPa, respectively. According to the mathematical model presented in this work, there is a linear relationship between the output voltage and torque. An apparent increase in the induced voltage signal (peak voltage) of 48.23 mV is observed as the torque increases to 20 Nm in the case of applying sinusoidal excitation signals. In addition, the experimental results are consistent with the calculated values within the torque range 0–16 Nm, and a good sensitivity of 2.87 mV/Nm is obtained. This work shows the prospect of Fe30Co70 alloy for non-contact torque sensing for the appropriate magnetostrictive property with no orientation requirement.

The existing anomaly detection methods can be divided into two popular models based on reconstruction or future frame prediction. Due to the strong learning capacity, reconstruction approach can hardly generate significant reconstruction errors for anomalies, whereas future frame prediction approach is sensitive to noise in complicated scenarios. Therefore, a solution has been proposed by balancing the merits and demerits of the two models. However, most methods relied on single-scale information to capture spatial features and lacked temporal continuity between the video frames, affecting anomaly detection accuracy. Thus, we propose a novel method to improve anomaly detection performance. Because of the objects of various scales in each video, we select different receptive fields to extract comprehensive spatial features by the hybrid dilated convolution (HDC) module. Meanwhile, the deeper bidirectional convolutional long short-term memory (DB-ConvLSTM) module can remember the temporal information between the consecutive frames. Experiments prove that our method can detect abnormalities in various video scenes more accurately than the state-of-the-art methods in the anomaly-detection task.

Inorganic lead halide perovskite is one of the most excellent fluorescent materials, and it plays an essential role in high-definition display and visible light communication (VLC). Its photochromic properties and stability determine the final performance of light-emitting devices. However, efficiently synthesizing perovskite with high quality and stability remains a significant challenge. Here, we develop a facile and environmentally friendly method for preparing high-stability and strong-emission CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 composites using ultrasonication and liquid paraffin. Tuning the contents of liquid paraffin, bright-emission CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 composite powders with a maximum PLQY of 74% were achieved. Thanks to the protection of the Cs4PbBr6 matrix and liquid paraffin, the photostability, thermostability, and polar solvent stability of CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6-LP are significantly improved compared to CsPbBr3 quantum dots and CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 composites that were prepared without liquid paraffin. Moreover, the fabricated CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6-LP-based WLEDs show excellent luminescent performance with a power efficiency of 129.5 lm/W and a wide color gamut, with 121% of the NTSC and 94% of the Rec. 2020, demonstrating a promising candidate for displays. In addition, the CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6-LP-based WLEDs were also demonstrated in a VLC system. The results suggested the great potential of these high-performance WLEDs as an excitation light source to achieve VLC.

Carbon dots (CDs) are attracting much interest due to their excellent photoelectric properties and wide range of potential applications. However, it is still a challenge to regulate their bandgap emissions to achieve full-color CDs with high emissions. Herein, we propose an approach for producing full-color emissive CDs by employing a solvent engineering strategy. By only tuning the volume ratio of water and dimethylformamide (H2O/DMF), the photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelengths of the CDs can be changed from 451 to 654 nm. Different fluorescence features of multicolor CDs were systematically investigated. XRD, SEM, TEM, Abs/PL/PLE, XPS, and PL decay lifetime characterizations provided conclusive evidence supporting the extent to which the solvent controlled the dehydration and carbonization processes of the precursors, leading to a variation in their emission color from red to blue. The as-prepared CDs exhibited excellent and stable fluorescence performance even after being heated at 80 °C for 48 h and with UV light continuously irradiated for 15 h. Based on their excellent fluorescent properties and photothermal stability, bright multicolor light-emitting diodes with a high CRI of up to 91 were obtained. We anticipate that these full-color emissive CDs are beneficial for applications in lighting, display, and other fields.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the primary mechanism of water transformation between the land surface and atmosphere. Accurate ET estimation given complex terrain conditions is essential to guide water resource management in mountainous areas. This study is based on the ETWatch model driven by Sentinel-2 remote sensing data at a spatial resolution of 10 m incorporating a net radiation model considering the impact of a complex terrain. We tested our model with two years of data in two regions with a high relief near the Huairou (2020) and Baotianman (2019) weather stations. Regarding the validation results of the ET model, the coefficient of determination (R2) reached 0.84 in Huairou and 0.86 in Baotianman, while the root mean square error (RMSE) value reached 0.59 mm in Baotianman and 0.82 mm in Huairou. The validation results indicated that the model is applicable in regions with a complex terrain, and the ET results can capture topographic textures. In terms of the slope aspect, the ET value on south-facing slopes is higher than that on north-facing slopes in both study areas. Accurate ET monitoring in mountainous regions with a high relief yields a profound meaning in obtaining a better understanding of the characteristics of heat and water fluxes at different vegetation growth stages and underlying surface types, which can provide constructive suggestions for water management in mountainous areas.

Additive manufacturing technology has advantages for realizing complex monolithic structures, providing huge potential for developing advanced flexure mechanisms for precision manipulation. However, the characteristics of flexure hinges fabricated by laser beam melting (LBM) additive manufacturing (AM) are currently little known. In this paper, the fabrication and characterization of a flexure parallel mechanism through the LBM process are reported for the first time to demonstrate the development of this technique. The geometrical accuracy of the additive-manufactured flexure mechanism was evaluated by three-dimensional scanning. The stiffness characteristics of the flexure mechanism were investigated through finite element analysis and experimental tests. The effective hinge thickness was determined based on the parameters study of the flexure parallel mechanism. The presented results highlight the promising outlook of LBM flexure parts for developing novel nanomanipulation platforms, while additional attention is required for material properties and manufacturing errors.

This paper proposes a concept of integrated on-board navigation systems for commercial launch vehicles in the context of the current task, and provided mathematical models of its elements for different variants of designing structure and composition. Has been set and simulated the technical problem of the conceptual design of an integrated navigation system for the space launch vehicle qualified to insert small artificial Earth satellites into low and medium circular orbits with application of GPS technologies.

An eddy covariance technique was used to measure the gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency (WUE) during the 2011 - 2014 period over a moso bamboo forest at a site in Anji (AJ), China. WUE declined during the severe summer drought of 2013 when the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was above 15 hPa, and was significantly higher than the average value. At AJ the average annual GPP, ET, and WUE were 1522 ± 73 C m-2 year-1, 693 ± 41 kg H2O m-2 year-1, and 2.21 ± 0.23 g C kg-1 H2O, respectively. GPP and ET were closely correlated at AJ, with R2 equal to 0.64. The monthly GPP and ET showed strong positive linear, exponential or quadratic polynomial correlations to meteorological variables, including air temperature (Ta), net radiation (Rn), and VPD. WUE was negatively correlated to VPD, with 36.3% of the variation in WUE explained by VPD. This study contributes to the understanding of the carbon and water cycle response mechanisms in forest ecosystems in the climate change context and is significant in relation to forest carbon sequestration management.

Background: This study aimed to identify prognostic factors for survival and develop a prognostic nomogram to predict the survival probability of elderly patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Methods: Elderly patients with histologically confirmed LGG were recruited from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. These individuals were randomly allocated to the training and validation cohorts at a 2:1 ratio. First, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and subgroup analysis were performed. Second, variable screening of all 13 variables and a comparison of predictive models based on full Cox regression and LASSO-Cox regression analyses were performed, and the key variables in the optimal model were selected to construct prognostic nomograms for OS and CSS. Finally, a risk stratification system and a web-based dynamic nomogram were constructed. Results: A total of 2307 elderly patients included 1220 males and 1087 females, with a median age of 72 years and a mean age of 73.30 ± 6.22 years. Among them, 520 patients (22.5%) had Grade 2 gliomas, and 1787 (77.5%) had Grade 3 gliomas. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed four independent prognostic factors (age, WHO grade, surgery, and chemotherapy) that were used to construct the full Cox model. In addition, LASSO-Cox regression analysis revealed five prognostic factors (age, WHO grade, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy), and a LASSO model was constructed. A comparison of the two models revealed that the LASSO model with five variables had better predictive performance than the full Cox model with four variables. Ultimately, five key variables based on LASSO-Cox regression were utilized to develop prognostic nomograms for predicting the 1-, 2-, and 5-year OS and CSS rates. The nomograms exhibited relatively good predictive ability and clinical utility. Moreover, the risk stratification system based on the nomograms effectively divided patients into low-risk and high-risk subgroups. Conclusion: Variable screening based on LASSO-Cox regression was used to determine the optimal prediction model in this study. Prognostic nomograms could serve as practical tools for predicting survival probabilities, categorizing these patients into different mortality risk subgroups, and developing personalized decision-making strategies for elderly patients with LGGs. Moreover, the webbased dynamic nomogram could facilitate its use in the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sacral dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with bilateral arterial supplies are extremely rare. To date, only two cases with arterial supply from bilateral lateral sacral arteries (LSAs) were reported. We report a rare case of sacral DAVF with arterial supply from bilateral LSAs. A 56-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of progressive weakness and numbness in his lower extremities, along with urinary incontinence. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive edema of the spinal cord, vascular flow voids, and intraparenchymal enhancement. Spinal angiography revealed a spinal DAVF at the level of S1 supplied by bilateral LSAs and drained ascending into the perimedullary venous plexus. The fistula was successfully treated with endovascular embolization. Sacral DAVFs present various diagnostic and treatment difficulties because of the complex angioarchitecture. Successful management of these lesions requires a profound understanding of the variable patterns of arterial supply in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]