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The vast, widely-exposed terrestrial (lacustrine to fluvial) Upper Triassic-Jurassic (except Tithonian), successions of the Junggar Basin, not only record most of the stratigraphic boundaries of the Upper Triassic and Jurassic, including the Triassic-Jurassic boundary (TJB), Hettangian-Sinemurian, Sinemurian-Pliensbachian, Pliensbachian-Toarcian, Lower-Middle Jurassic, Middle-Upper Jurassic, Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian boundaries, but also record a range of the geologic, organic, palaeogeographic, palaeoclimatic events, known to have happened globally in the Late Triassic and Jurassic. The TJB is placed in the stratigraphic interval of the First Occurrence (FO) of Retitriletes austroclavatidites and Callialasporites dampieri and the Last Occurrence (LO) of Lunatisporites rhaeticus . The end-Triassic mass extinction (ETE) is characterized by the disappearance of most of the sporomorph and macro-plant taxa. The ETE occurred before the FO of the sporomorph Cerebropollenites thiergartii , and ended after it when life began to revive. The Junggar Basin was situated at a high latitude during the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic Pliensbachian ‘hothouse’ and ‘greenhouse’ periods. The Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic Bajocian was humid and warm, and rich in coal swamps, except the Toarcian, which yields little coal because it was relatively warmer and drier. It became arid from the early Late Jurassic Oxfordian.

Twenty taxa of fossil plants are described from the Sangonghe Formation (Lower Jurassic) of the Haojiagou section in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, NW China. The Sangonghe flora consists of Equisetales, ferns, bennettitaleans, ginkgoes, conifers and gnetales, but is dominated by ferns. It is a low species diversity but extraordinary flora for having a high proportion (45%) of thermophilous or arid-tolerant (xerophilous) elements, by comparing with 0% in the underlying Badaowan Formation and around 2% in the overlying Xishanyao Formation. These thermophilous or arid-tolerant (xerophilous) elements include Marattiopsis asiatica Kawasaki, Phlebopteris polypodioides Brongniart and Dictyophyllum sp. (ferns) , Otozamites leckenbyi Harris, Otozamites sp. , Zamites sp. and Dictyozamites sp. (bennettitaleans), Brachyphyllum ( Hirmeriella ?) sp. (conifers) and Cadmisega ephedroides Krassilov et Bugdaeva (gnetales). Based on the geological ranges of the known species and comparisons with the coeval floras in Eurasia, the age of the Sangonghe flora is Toarcian of the Early Jurassic. The flora reveals a climatic warming and aridification event, which occurred during the Toarcian in the Junggar Basin. Palaeontological (including palaeobotanical and palynological), sedimentological and geochemical data demonstrate that warming and aridification occurred widely across the north of China during the Toarcian, and this might be the response of the terrestrial ecosystem to the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE).

Distributed electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) powered by renewable energy for the on-site production of ammonia is an attractive alternative to the industrial Haber-Bosch process, which is responsible for ~2% of global energy consumption. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the ENRR catalyzed by transition metal nitrides (TMNs). The unique electronic structures of TMNs make them promising ENRR catalysts for active and selective ammonia production, which have been predicted theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. Reaction pathways and deactivation mechanisms of the ENRR on different TMNs are surveyed, and current understanding of structure-activity relations is discussed. To develop highly active, selective, and stable TMN catalysts for industrial-scale ENRR, membrane electrode assembly configuration is recommended in catalyst evaluation. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of developing mechanistic understanding on ENRR with different operando spectroscopic techniques.

Previous studies have confirmed long noncoding RNA LEMD1-AS1 (LEMD1-AS1) as a functional factor in several tumors. The present work is aimed at exploring the prognostic and diagnostic values of LEMD1-AS1 in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We examined the expressions of LEMD1-AS1 in pan-cancer from TCGA microarray datasets and GTEx Project. The expressions of LEMD1-AS1 were detected by qRT-PCR in EOC specimens and normal ovarian specimens from 30 EOC patients. The χ 2 test was applied to compare the clinicopathological characteristics of different groups. ROC curves were established to determine the diagnostic values of LEMD1-AS1 in screening EOC tissues. The association of LEMD1-AS1 expression with clinical outcome was determined by the Kaplan-Meier methods and COX assays. A decreased expression of LEMD1-AS1 was observed in EOC tissues compared to matched normal specimens ( p < 0.01 ). Low LEMD1-AS1 expression could be used to distinguish EOC from adjacent normal specimens. A clinical study revealed that patients with low LEMD1-AS1 expression have a shorter overall survival ( p = 0.035 ) and progress-free interval ( p = 0.041 ) than those with high LEMD1-AS1 expression. The Spearman correlation test revealed that LEMD1-AS1 expressions were negatively associated with the expressions of neutrophil and myeloid dendritic cell. Overall, our finding suggested that LEMD1-AS1 may have potential roles as a potential biomarker and/or a therapeutic target in EOC.

The data presented in this article are related to the research paper entitled “Cuticle ultrastructure of Baiera furcata from Northeast China and its implication in Taxonomy and Palaeoenvironment” (Guignard et al. 2019 [1] . The data correspond to a study of the ultrastructural fine cuticle details of fossil Baiera furcata (Ginkgoales) from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation in Holingola of East Inner Mongolia, Northeast China. Two sets of data are provided here: 1/ thickness measurements of the layers of four types of cuticles, i.e. ordinary epidermal cells and stomatal apparatus, 2/ ten EDS element analysis of ordinary epidermal cell cuticle layers; the latter data also contain cuticle layers values of Sphenobaiera huangii from the Lower Jurassic Xiangxi Formation in Zigui of Hubei Province, Central China used for comparison in the research article; EDS cell remnant values of Baiera furcata are also included. Some of these data have been used efficiently for taxonomy and palaeoenvironment topics. As they are the first data for genera Baiera and Sphenobaiera of the Ginkgoales, they can serve in the future for considerations of taxonomical comparisons, palaeoreconstructions, palaeoenvironment and evolution.

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the safety and efficacy between laparoscopic myomectomy and traditional laparotomy for patients with uterine fibroids and determine their effect on the pregnancy rate after surgery. In total, 86 cases with uterine fibroids were selected among patients who were admitted in the Zhangqiu District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital during the period of April, 2016 to April, 2017. Patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy were enrolled in group A (n=42), and those who underwent traditional laparotomy were placed in group B (n=44). The general linear data and the operative indicators were compared. The VAS scores, serum IFN-γ, IL-6, VEGF levels and clinical efficacy of the two groups were also compared one week after surgery. Postoperative pregnancy rates and complications in both groups were also compared. No significant differences were observed in general data between the two groups (P>0.05). The intra-operative blood loss in the group A was lower than that in group B (P0.05); however, the level of IFN-γ expression, one week after surgery, in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P

A study on the leaf cuticle ultrastructures of Baiera furcata from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation in East Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, was conducted with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elements analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). TEM observation revealed the ultrastructural details from ordinary epidermal cells for both upper and lower cuticles, and stomatal apparatus, which were all made with A2 (granular) and B1 (fibrilous) layers. Additionally, well-preserved cell remnants were also observed. Comparisons with other cuticles of the Ginkgoales were made using statistical measurements and evaluations of some potential Order characteristics, and genus–species characteristics were also emphasized. Two potential ultrastructural groups can be recognized: Baiera–Sphenobaiera and Ginkgo–Ginkgoites–Pseudotorellia. This is reinforced by EDS element analysis, whereby ratios could also be compared with another closely related Ginkgoalean taxon Sphenobaiera huangii. The paleoenvironment significances is discussed, and it seems to support the TEM and EDS results. It indicates a signature in the cuticle fine details of Sphenobaiera, which has experienced a putatively warmer paleoenvironment than that of Baiera.

In the middle Cretaceous vegetation changed rapidly for the diversification of angiosperms, there are few extensive analyses of the plant fossils (including leaves, fruits, seeds and woods) from this period in China. New abundant fossil plants collected from the upper Lower Cretaceous Dalazi Formation in the Luozigou Basin, Wangqing, Jilin Province were studied and 25 species belonging to 17 genera were recognized. Up to date totally 39 species belonging to 25 genera were discovered in the Luozigou Basin. The assemblage is composed mainly of conifers (47.5%) and early angiosperms (30%) and indicates that the vegetation was a transitional flora between the Early Cretaceous fern-gymnosperm flora and the Late Cretaceous angiosperm flora. The flora was a Pseudofrenelopsis-angiosperm assemblage in succession of Early Cretaceous flora and the late Early Cretaceous, probable Albian in age. During the late Early Cretaceous, the Luozigou Basin was dominated by hot and arid climate and sometimes probably interrupted by wet climate.

Postpartum depression is one of the most common complications during the postpartum period. In recent years, internet-based psychological interventions have made significant progress and provided a new psychotherapy model. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for postpartum depression has achieved good results. However, the effectiveness of ICBT for postpartum depression reported by different studies still remains inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was used to further evaluate the efficacy of ICBT for postpartum depression, aiming to provide evidence to support nonpharmacological intervention strategies in the clinic.The databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Scientific Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Data will be searched. The randomized controlled trials of ICBT will be included for postpartum depression published before February 2022. Two independent researchers will independently complete literature selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. The disagreements will be discussed with a third party for the final decision. Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool will be used for literature quality assessment. Data processing will be conducted by RevMan 5.4 software.The results of this meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.For the question whether ICBT for postpartum depression is efficacy, this study can provide more comprehensive and strong evidence.The ethical approval was not required for this study. The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences, and shared on social media platforms.DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/EQJDH.

Z-scheme heterostructure of nitrogen-vacancy rich g-C3N4 nanoparticles (VN-CN) confined in oxygen-vacancy rich TiO2 nanotube arrays (VO-TiO2) were fabricated to enhance CO2 photoreduction under visible light irradiation. Dual vacancies mediated VN-CN/VO-TiO2 heterostructure exhibits excellent photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance, and the CO and CH4 evolution rate are about 1.5 times and 3 times higher than that of pristine CN/TiO2, respectively. Possible reasons for the improvement of photocatalytic activity are as follows: (1) the adsorption and activation capacity of CO2 on the surface of CN/TiO2 are obviously improved due to the construction of nitrogen and oxygen dual vacancies; (2) the construction of dual vacancies are beneficial for enhancing the visible light absorption, promoting separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers due to intimate contact interface between VN-CN and VO-TiO2; (3) Z-scheme heterostructure could boost oxidation ability of VN-CN/VO-TiO2 and promote the production of more hydroxyl radical, which can react with CO2− to form HCO3−, leading to a new pathway to CO2 photoreduction compared to pristine CN/TiO2.

Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) can lead to psychiatric complications through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm). We sought to determine whether epigenetic changes in a peripheral tissue can serve as a surrogate for those in a relatively inaccessible tissue such as the brain. DNA extracted from the hippocampus and blood of mice treated with GCs or vehicle solution was assayed using a genome-wide DNAm platform (Methyl-Seq) to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) induced by GC treatment. We observed that ∼70% of the DMRs in both tissues lost methylation following GC treatment. Of the 3,095 DMRs that mapped to the same genes in both tissues, 1,853 DMRs underwent DNAm changes in the same direction. Interestingly, only 209 DMRs (

Background The current study examined independent and interactive effects of polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1, A118G) and variable number tandem repeats of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1, SLC6A3) on alcohol consumption and subjective responses to alcohol in 127 young, healthy, social drinkers. Methods Participants completed an in-person assessment, which included self-reported alcohol drinking patterns and blood sampling for DNA, and in a second visit, a cumulative alcohol dosing procedure with subjective ratings across multiple time points and breath alcohol contents (0.03 to 0.1%). DNA was analyzed for OPRM1 AA versus AG/GG (*G) genotypes, DAT1 10-repeat allele (A10) versus 9 or lesser alleles (A9), and ancestral informative markers. Results There were significant epistatic interactions between OPRM1 and DAT1 genotypes. Subjective High Assessment Scale scores after alcohol consumption were highest in *G and A9 carriers, and lowest in *G and A10 carriers. Negative subjective effects were also highest in *G and A9 carriers. Effects were similar in a sensitivity analysis limited to Caucasian subjects. There were independent and epistatic interactions on drinking. The OPRM1 *G allele was independently associated with fewer heavy drinking days. The A9 allele was associated with a greater number of drinking days, which was attenuated in carriers of the *G allele. Conclusions These findings highlight the biological importance of interactions between these 2 genes and interactions between brain opioid and dopamine systems.

Aiming to locate the area for the cutting action execution of pomelo harvest robot, a method basing on the pomelo centroid and the natural growth characteristics of the pedicle to determine the cutting region was proposed. Firstly, the centroid of the pomelo and the largest circumscribed rectangle were obtained after image preprocessing. Then, the vertical line passing the centroid was made on the top edge of the largest circumscribed rectangle. The intersection point was used as the center of the cutting region, the radius of which would be obtained according to the center point and labeled as Rocc. The cut point was located by a circular mark with rocc as its radius. The optimized valued of Rocc and rocc were determined by comparing the influence of the Rocc and rocc radios at different sizes on the relationships between the cutting region and the cutting point. Image segmentation was implemented by OTSU Adaptive threshold Algorithm after choosing 2R-G-B color difference components by analyzing the color space. The maximum connectivity region was extracted from the target region of a mature pomelo which was obtained by morphological denoising the segmented image. 60 pomelo fruit hanging on the trees in orchard were chosen as samples with 200 images collected by upward shot, over shot and side shot, under different shooting light conditions, including direct sunlight and back lighting in sunny day and in cloudy day, respectively. Recognizing model was established based on 150 images and validated by the rest ones. For the 50 images for independent verification, the accuracy rate of the cutting region reorganization achieved 88% when the value of Rocc and rocc were 46 and 4, respectively. These results indicated this method had the potential to locate the execution area for robot and provide a technical basis for the subsequent cutting action development of the cut region identification problem in the pomelo picking robot.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of serum iron and ferritin concentrations in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicated in pregnant metaphase through detecting the serum iron and ferritin concentrations in early pregnancy of normal pregnant women, so as to provide new ideas for the early detection and prevention of GDM. METHODS Spontaneously pregnant women with single fetus receiving prenatal routine examination in our hospital from December 2014 to October 2016 were selected. They were in good health before with normal fasting blood-glucose in early pregnancy without anemia during pregnancy and any medication history. The serum iron and ferritin concentrations were measured at 12 gestational weeks, the fasting blood-glucose was detected at 12 weeks of pregnancy, and 75g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 24-26 weeks. According to the results of oral glucose tolerance test, the pregnant women were divided into GDM group (N.=52) and normal control group (N.=310). The detection results of pregnant women in the two groups were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The serum ferritin and iron levels at 12 gestational weeks in GDM group were higher than those in normal pregnancy group (P

International audience; The Cheirolepidiaceous conifer Suturovagina intermedia Chow et Tsao is reported from the Lower Cretaceous of Wangqing, Jilin Province in northeastern China, and its leaf cuticles were studied in detail using scanning and transmission electron microscopies and EDS. The data obtained were compared with those of the previous study on the same species from the Lower Cretaceous of the type locality Nanjing, Jiangsu Province in eastern China. Despite the general similarity in gross morphology and leaf cuticular structure, there are a number of differences in leaf cuticular ultrastructure and element composition (EDS data) between specimens from the two localities. Among them, 14 differences are potential tax- onomical characters. Of them, 7 might be of importance at the species/genus level, and 7 are possible characters at the family level. There are also 23 differences, i.e., 7 cuticle ultrastructural characters of ordinary epidermal cell cuticles and 5 subsidiary cell cuticles, plus 11 EDS ratios of cuticles, believed to be of ecological signi␣cances. This paper presents the ␣rst case to make comparative palaeoenvironmental analyses based on leaf cuticle ultrastructure and element composition of the same taxon from different areas. It shows that Suturovagina intermedia was an inhabitant of a lower xerothermic environment in Wangqing, instead of being a higher xerothermic environment, such as in the type locality Nanjing. The conclusion obtained is well-supported by the evidence of the element composition (EDX data) of the matrix and the associated biotic composition of the fossil-bearing beds from the two localities. It is the ␣rst attempt to search for the environmental footprint in fossil plant cuticles based on their element composition.

A new species of Ginkgo L., G. pediculata sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, Northeast China, on the basis of a well-preserved ovule-bearing organ. The cuticles of the integument and peduncle are generally similar to those of the lamina and petiole of the associated Ginkgoites manchurica (Yabe et Oishi) Cao, which is among the most widely distributed Ginkgo-like leaves in the Lower Cretaceous of Northeast China. The new species is close to the Jurassic Ginkgo yimaensis Zhou et Zhang and clearly distinguished from the Paleogene species Ginkgo cranei Zhou et al. and the extant Ginkgo biloba. Although the coeval Ginkgo apodes Zheng et Zhou and G. neimengensis Xu et al. from Northeast China bear more ovules, they both have no pedicel when matured as the living species. The associated Ginkgoites-type leaves morphologically also resemble those of the Jurassic species. Therefore, Ginkgo pediculata sp. nov. appears to be closely related to the Jurassic species and is the latest representative of the group with primitive type ovulate organs and vegetative leaves so far known of Ginkgo. Since there co-exist two different types of ginkgoes, one with primitive characters (Ginkgo pediculata) and the other such as Ginkgo apodes and G. neimengensis which resemble the extent species G. biloba, the Lower Cretaceous is a critical time in the morphological evolution of the genus Ginkgo, roughly corresponding to the major global floristic transformation marked by the rapid decline of gymnosperms and drastic rise of flowering plants.

Constructing two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure is an effective method to obtain highly efficient photocatalysts. In this work, 2D/2D TiO2/g-C3N4 heterostructures were constructed via in-situ growth of TiO2 nanosheets on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets by a facile hydrothermal co-assembly technique. The increased dispersion is favorable to expose more vacancies, which is beneficial to the enhancement of visible light absorption. This unique 2D/2D heterostructure exhibits ultrathin thickness and larger interfacial contact area, which results in shorter migration distance of photo-generated carriers to the surface and faster participation in photocatalytic water splitting. As expected, the optimized TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites showed a higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance under visible light irradiation than that of pristine g-C3N4 and TiO2 nanosheets. The improved performance can be attributed to the ultrathin nanosheet structure, the intimate interfacial contact and the presence of surface oxygen vacancies. More appealingly, this environment-friendly 2D/2D TiO2/g-C3N4 nanohybrid would attract more attention in water splitting.

Chronic exposure to cortisol is associated with cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychiatric disorders. Although cortisol can be readily measured from peripheral sources such as blood, urine, or saliva, multiple samplings spanning several days to weeks are necessary to reliably assess chronic cortisol exposure levels (referred to as cortisol load). Although cortisol levels in hair have been proposed as a measure of cortisol load, measurement is cumbersome and many people are not candidates due to short hair length and use of hair dyes. To date, there are no blood biomarkers that capture cortisol load. To identify a blood biomarker capable of integrating one-month cortisol exposure levels, 75 healthy participants provided 30+ days of awakening and bedtime saliva cortisol and completed psychosocial measures of anxiety, depression, and stress. Mean daily awakening and bedtime cortisol levels were then compared to CpG methylation levels, gene expression, and genotypes of the stress response gene FKBP5 obtained from blood drawn on the last day of the study. We found a correlation between FKBP5 methylation levels and mean 30+day awakening and bedtime cortisol levels (|r|≥0.32, p ≤ 0.006). We also observed a sex-specific correlation between bedtime cortisol levels and FKBP5 mRNA expression in female participants (r = 0.42, p = 0.005). Dividing the 30-day sampling period into four weekly bins showed that the correlations for both methylation and expression were not being driven by cortisol levels in the week preceding the blood draw. We also identified a female-specific association between FKBP5 mRNA expression and scores on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (r = 0.37, p = 0.013) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (r = 0.32, p = 0.033). Finally, DNA was genotyped at four SNPs, and variation in rs4713902 was shown to have an effect on FKBP5 expression under a codominant model (f = 3.41, p = 0.048) for females only. Our results suggest that blood FKBP5 DNA methylation and mRNA expression levels may be a useful marker for determining general or sex-specific 30-day cortisol load and justifies genome-wide approaches that can potentially identify additional cortisol markers with broader clinical utility.

International audience; A study of the cheirolepidiaceous conifer Pseudofrenelopsis gansuensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Wangqing Jilin Province in China was conducted in detail using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. In total, nine ultrastructural features were recognized for the cuticle of this fossil plant, which are helpful in the distinguishing between cuticles of ordinary epidermal cells, subsidiary cells, guard cells and hypodermal cells of the stomatal apparatus. A three dimensional reconstruction of the cuticle ultrastructure was obtained. Pseudofrenelopsis gansuensis is the second species of this genus for which the cuticle ultrastructure has been statistically examined with 30 measurements and estimated con␣dence interval values. The close comparison of the cuticle ultrastructure characters, including sta- tistical data, among Cheirolepidiaceae and other fossil conifers provides potential evidence of the taxonomic signi␣cance of this genus: ten characters are potentially valuable for speci␣c separation, eleven parameters for generic separation and three parameters seem also to be useful for Family determination. The differences in the chemical composition according to preliminary statistical element analyses of the cuticles based on three ratios in two species of Pseudofrenelopsis, P. dalatzensis and P. gansuensis, should also be examined in future studies.

Investigations of major marine and non-marine geologic and biotic events across the Triassic-Jurassic transition rely predominantly on detailed stratigraphic frameworks and biodiversity analyses. The alternating sequences of marine and terrestrial Triassic-Jurassic formations in Guangdong Province represent one of the most remarkable coal-bearing series in southern China. The Lower Jurassic Jinji Formation is widely distributed in Guangdong, with continuously outcropped sections and rich marine and non-marine fossil fauna. However, as little research has been conducted on fossil plant remains in the Jinji Formation, it is difficult to understand the systematics, diversity, and floral aspects of the Jurassic. Here we report on the recent collection of rich fossil plants from the Jinji Formation in the Dapeng area of Shenzhen, southern Guangdong Province. Our studies demonstrate taxonomical affiliations, preservation status, and diversity features of these plant fossils, which are marked by the close association of densely preserved, pinnae and rachis connected leaves, and the bennettitalean reproductive organs of Williamsoniella , which may represent an Early Jurassic plant community dominated by Otozamites of the bennettitales. This work not only represents the first discovery of fossil plants in the Shenzhen area, but is also the first documentation of Jurassic plants in Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta regions. Research related to these plant fossils will be helpful in the correlation of the Early Mesozoic coal-bearing strata in Guangdong, and will provide a deeper understanding of variations in plant diversity of the Triassic and Jurassic transition in southern China. Additionally, it will provide terrestrial plant evidence for explorations in Jurassic palaeoecology, palaeoclimatology, and palaeogeography of southern China.

Heterophyllous coniferous genera belonging to the family Cheirolepidiaceae are not always easily distinguished from one another morphologically. The taxonomically controversial genus Suturovagina from the Cretaceous of East China was studied by ultra-thin sectioning and examination under scanning and transmission electron microscopes. A detailed comparison between this genus and Pseudofrenelopsis was made based on cuticle micro- and ultrastructure as well as gross morphology. Suturovagina intermedia is among the few fossil coniferous plants for which cuticle and stomatal structures have been examined using both scanning and transmission electron microscopes and reconstructed using statistical data. Despite a slight overlap in gross morphology of leafy shoot , Suturovagina intermedia is well distinguished from Pseudofrenelopsis and all other cheirolepidiaceous conifers in cuticle and stomata micro- and ultrastructure, especially in the very deep stomatal chamber composed of tiers of subsidiary cells. The characteristic stomatal structure and the extremely thick cuticle with a wavy polylamellate layer in the cuticle proper also provide additional evidence for an xerothermic environment for the plant-bearing formation. The informative results of this study suggest that the potential taxonomic and palaeoecological significance of these features should not be neglected.

TPS3168 Background: Multi-target kinase inhibitors have gained increasing attention in the past few years due to their capabilities of simultaneously targeting several hallmarks of cancer. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive type of breast cancer, is a highly heterogeneous disease composed of several subtypes with distinct genomic profiles and activating pathways. TT-00420 is a multi-target kinase inhibitor that targets Aurora A/B, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) involved in angiogenesis, and other kinases involved in tumor-associated inflammation and immune escape. Preclinical studies have established signs of efficacy for TT-00420 in TNBC. Targets inhibited by TT-00420 are among the key dysregulated pathways directly involved in the tumorigenesis of TNBC. TT-00420 is efficacious against most subtypes of TNBC cell lines. This anti-TNBC activity is confirmed in both cell line derived xenograft (CDX) and patient derived xenograft (PDX) TNBC model in vivo, in which TT-00420 is active both as first-line and second-line treatment. TT-00420 demonstrated good oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties in mice, rats and dogs, and revealed mechanism-related but manageable toxicities. The IND approval of TT-00420 was granted by the FDA on Sept. 27, 2018. Methods: TT420X2101 is an open-label, first-in-human, multicenter, phase I study including a dose escalation portion in adult patients with advanced solid tumors, followed by dose expansion in two parallel cohorts, TNBC cohort (N=22) and selected advanced tumor (SAT) cohort (N=22). Adverse events will be evaluated per CTCAE v5.0 criteria, and tumor responses will be evaluated per RECIST v1.1 criteria. Patients aged 18-75 with measurable target lesion(s) at baseline and ECOG status of 0 or 1 will be enrolled. Patients are treated with a single daily oral administration of TT-00420 continuously for a 28-day cycle. Dose escalation is driven by Bayesian modeling with over-dose control. Approximately 66 patients are expected to be enrolled and treated in this study. Primary endpoint is to evaluate dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and identify maximum tolerate dose (MTD), if feasible, or establish recommended dose for Dose Expansion. Preliminary efficacy and PK profile will be evaluated as well. Enrollment is currently ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03654547.

article i nfo The Chinese Early Cretaceous flora was divided phytogeographically into the Northern Floristic Province and the Southern Floristic Province. The "temperate-wet vegetations" and "tropic-subtropic xeric vegetations" were proposed to represent the two different vegetation types. About 52 species of fossil woods belonging to Cycadophytes (2 species), Ginkgoales (1 species) and coniferales (49 species) have been discovered in the two floristic provinces, mainly from the Northeast China. The biodiversity and anatomical characteristics, espe- cially the growth ring feature analysis of fossil woods indicated climatic conditions with seasonal variation in both the Northern and Southern Floristic Provinces during the Early Cretaceous. It suggests that a tropic to sub-tropic semi-arid climate might dominate over southern China, while warm or temperate, and wet climate prevailed in northern China during the Early Cretaceous. The wood evidence is in accordance with that of the leaf fossils collected from the corresponding formations of the Early Cretaceous in China.

The Asn40Asp variant (A118G) of the µ opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene is thought to contribute to the development and treatment of alcohol dependence. Employing positron emission tomography (PET), we first examined whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) modifies binding potential (BPND) of the µ-selective ligand [11C]carfentanil in healthy control (Con) and 5-d abstinent alcohol-dependent (AD) subjects (unblocked basal scan). Second, we examined whether the allelic variants were associated with differences in OPRM1 occupancy by naltrexone (50 mg) in AD subjects. Con and AD carriers of the G allele (AG) had lower global BPND at the basal scan than subjects homozygous for the A allele (AA). In AD subjects, naltrexone occupancy was slightly higher in AG subjects (98.9%) compared to AA subjects (93.1%), but this was not significant. We are the first to demonstrate using PET in healthy normal and AD subjects that the A118G SNP alters OPRM1 availability.

In plant cells the plasma membrane is a highly elaborated structure that functions as the point of exchange with adjoining cells, cell walls and the external environment. In this study, we investigated the structure and function characteristic of wheat root plasma membrane (PM) as affected by H2O2 and Fe by using fluorescence spectroscopic and attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) techniques. The results showed that these oxidant damaged induced an obviously reduced membrane fluidity were observed in the roots PM treated with the 200 μM H2O2, FeSO4, and FeCl3. Computer-aided software analyses of the FTIR spectrum indicated that the content of the α-helices decreased and β-sheet increased in the secondary structures of proteins after exposure to the oxidants of 200 μM H2O2, FeSO4, and FeCl3. The number of P=O and C=C bonds area declined rapidly in the lipids of the membrane under the oxidants stress. These structural alterations might explain the reason of the roots PM instability under most of the abiotic stress.

A new fossil cycad stem Sinocycadoxylon liianum gen. et sp. nov. is described based on a well-preserved petrified specimen collected from the Middle Jurassic of Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China. The stem is composed of a small pith, a polyxylic vascular cylinder and cortex. The pith is parenchymatous with medullary vascular bundles, transfusion cells and mucilage canals. The polyxylic vascular cylinder consists of sixteen centrifugal rings and one centripetal vascular ring, all with distinct growth rings in secondary xylem. The presence of polyxyly with growth rings distinguishes this new genus from all fossil and extant Cycadales. The primary xylem is mesarch. Secondary xylem tracheids have araucarioid radial pitting. The rays are uni- or multiseriate and the latter are usually accompanied by mucilage canals and transfusion cells. This polyxylic stem is believed to be related to the Encephalartoideae of Zamiaceae. The new find provides new insights into cycad evolution which is consistent with former phylogenetic analyses indicating that Cycadales originated form Medullosales.