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To establish a nomogram incorporating pretreatment imaging parameters and clinical characteristics for predicting the thrombus composition of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO).We retrospectively enrolled patients with occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) who underwent Mechanical Thrombectomy (MT). Retrieved thrombi were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Martius Scarlet Blue (MSB). Thrombi are assigned to the Fibrin-rich or RBC-rich group based on the relative fractions of Red Blood Cells (RBC), fibrin, and platelet. The independent risk factors for Fibrin-rich clots were determined via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and were then integrated to establish a nomogram.In total, 98 patients were included in this study. Patients with fibrin-rich clots had worse functional outcome [modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0-2, 34.7% vs 63.2%, p = 0.005], longer procedure time (76.8 min vs 50.8 min, p = 0.001), and increased maneuvers of MT (1.84 vs 1.46, p = 0.703) than those with RBC-rich clots. The independent risk factors for Fibrin-rich clots were lower perviousness measured by Non-Contrast Computer Tomography (NCCT) and CT Angiography (CTA), lower thrombus relative attenuation on NCCT, elevated Platelet-WBC ratio (PWR) of admission peripheral blood, and previous antithrombotic medication. The nomogram showed good discrimination with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.852 (95% CI: 0.778-0.926). The calibration curve and decision curve analysis also displayed satisfactory accuracy and clinical utility.This study has developed and internally validated an easy-to-use nomogram which can help predict clot composition and optimize therapeutic strategies for thrombectomy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting the functional outcome of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) outside the 6-hour therapeutic time window in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).One hundred seventy-seven consecutive AIS patients with large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who underwent MT in the extended time window were enrolled. Clinical, neuroimaging, and treatment variables that could be obtained quickly in the real-world emergency settings were collected. Four machine learning algorithms (random forests, regularized logistic regression, support vector machine, and naive Bayes) were used to predict good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale scores of 0-2) at 90 days by using (1) only variables at admission and (2) both baseline and treatment variables. The performance of each model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Feature importance was ranked using random forest algorithms.Eighty patients (45.2%) had a favorable 90-day outcome. Machine learning models including baseline clinical and neuroimaging characteristics predicted 90-day modified Rankin Scale with an area under the ROC curve of 0.80-0.81, sensitivity of 0.60-0.71 and specificity of 0.71-0.76. Further inclusion the treatment variables significantly improved the predictive performance (mean area under the ROC curve, 0.89-0.90; sensitivity, 0.77-0.85; specificity, 0.75-0.87). The most important characteristics for predicting 90-day outcomes were age, hypoperfusion intensity ratio at admission, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours after MT.Machine learning algorithms may facilitate prediction of 90-day functional outcomes in AIS patients with an extended therapeutic time window.

In this paper, we define the concepts of strongly regular relation, finitely strongly regular relation, and generalized finitely strongly regular relation, and get the relational representations of strongly algebraic, hyperalgebraic, and quasi-hyperalgebraic lattices. The main results are as follows: (1) a binary relation ρ : X ⇀ Y \rho :X\hspace{0.33em}\rightharpoonup \hspace{0.33em}Y is strongly regular if and only if the complete lattice ( Φ ρ ( X ) , ⊆ ) \left({\Phi }_{\rho }\left(X),\subseteq ) is a strongly algebraic lattice; (2) a binary relation ρ : X ⇀ Y \rho :X\hspace{0.33em}\rightharpoonup \hspace{0.33em}Y is finitely strongly regular if and only if ( Φ ρ ( X ) , ⊆ ) \left({\Phi }_{\rho }\left(X),\subseteq ) is a hyperalgebraic lattice if and only if the finite extension of ρ \rho is strongly regular; and (3) a binary relation ρ : X ⇀ Y \rho :X\hspace{0.33em}\rightharpoonup \hspace{0.33em}Y is generalized finitely strongly regular if and only if ( Φ ρ ( X ) , ⊆ ) \left({\Phi }_{\rho }\left(X),\subseteq ) is a quasi-hyperalgebraic lattice if and only if ( Φ ρ ( X ) , ⊆ ) \left({\Phi }_{\rho }\left(X),\subseteq ) equipped with the interval topology is a Priestley space.

In the cyber-physical environment, the clock synchronization algorithm is required to have better expansion for network scale. In this paper, a new measurement model of observability under the equivalent transformation of minimum mean square error &#x0028 MMSE &#x0029 is constructed based on basic measurement unit &#x0028 BMU &#x0029 , which can realize the scaled expansion of MMSE measurement. Based on the state updating equation of absolute clock and the decoupled measurement model of MMSE-like equivalence, which is proposed to calculate the positive definite invariant set by using the theoretical-practical Luenberger observer as the synthetical observer, the local noncooperative optimal control problem is built, and the clock synchronization system driven by the ideal state of local clock can reach the exponential convergence for synchronization performance. Different from the problem of general linear system regulators, the state estimation error and state control error are analyzed in the established affine system based on the set-theory-in-control to achieve the quantification of state deviation caused by noise interference. Based on the BMU for isomorphic state map, the synchronization performance of clock states between multiple sets of representative nodes is evaluated, and the scale of evaluated system can be still expanded. After the synchronization is completed, the state of perturbation system remains in the maximum range of measurement accuracy, and the state of nominal system can be stabilized at the ideal state for local clock and realizes the exponential convergence of the clock synchronization system.

Predictors of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (mMCAi) in patients after intravenous thrombolysis were well documented, but the risk factors of mMCAi after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) were not fully explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the predictors of mMCAi after EVT in stroke patients.This was a secondary analysis of the DIRECT-MT trial. Patients who underwent EVT for the occlusions of MCA and/or intracranial internal carotid artery were analyzed. Primary outcome was the occurrence of mMCAi after EVT. Demographic, clinical, imaging, and treatment data were recorded, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors. All of the candidate predictors were included, and forward elimination was applied to establish the most effective predictive model. Predictive ability and calibration of the model were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test, respectively.Of 559 enrolled patients, 74 (13.2%) patients developed mMCAi. Predictors of mMCAi included unsuccessful reperfusion, higher serum glucose, lower Alberta Stroke Project Early Computed Tomography Change Score (ASPECTS), higher clot burden score (CBS), lower collateral score, and higher pass number of thrombectomy device. AUC of predictive model integrating all independent variables was 0.836. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed appropriate calibration (p = 0.859).Reperfusion, serum glucose, ASPECTS, CBS, collateral, and pass number of thrombectomy device were associated with the occurrence of mMCAi in stroke patients after EVT, while alteplase treatment was not. Our findings might facilitate the early identification and management of stroke patients at a high risk of mMCAi.• A total of 13.2% of stroke patients with large vessel occlusion of anterior circulation developed mMCAi after EVT. • The occurrence of mMCAi had a definite negative impact on the outcome for stroke patients. • Reperfusion, serum glucose, ASPECTS, CBS, collateral score, and the pass number of thrombectomy device were associated with the occurrence of mMCAi after EVT in stroke patients.

To investigate the role of CT radiomics for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).LSCC patients who received open surgery and lymphadenectomy were enrolled and randomized into primary and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3 (325 vs. 139). In the primary cohort, we extracted radiomics features from whole intratumoral regions on venous-phase CT images and constructed a radiomics signature by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. A radiomics model incorporating the radiomic signature and independent clinical factors was established via multivariable logistic regression and presented as a nomogram. Nomogram performance was compared with a clinical model and traditional CT report with respect to its discrimination and clinical usefulness. The radiomics nomogram was internally tested in an independent validation cohort.The radiomics signature, composed of 9 stable features, was associated with LNM in both the primary and validation cohorts (both p.001). A radiomics model incorporating independent predictors of LNM (the radiomics signature, tumor subsite, and CT report) showed significantly better discrimination of nodal status than either the clinical model or the CT report in the primary cohort (AUC 0.91 vs. 0.84 vs. 0.68) and validation cohort (AUC 0.89 vs. 0.83 vs. 0.70). Decision curve analysis confirmed that the radiomics nomogram was superior to the clinical model and traditional CT report.The CT-based radiomics nomogram may improve preoperative identification of nodal status and help in clinical decision-making in LSCC.• The radiomics model showed favorable performance for predicting LN metastasis in LSCC patients. • The radiomics model may help in clinical decision-making and define patient subsets benefiting most from neck treatment.

Ern\'e weakened the concept of sobriety in order to extend the theory of sober spaces and locally hypercompact spaces to situations where directed joins were missing, and introduced and discussed three kinds of non-sober spaces: cut spaces, weakly sober spaces, and quasisober spaces. Three other kinds of non-sober spaces, namely $\mathsf{DC}$ space, $\mathsf{RD}$ space and $\mathsf{WD}$ space, were introduced and investigated by Xu, Shen, Xi and Zhao. All these six kinds of spaces are strictly weaker than sober spaces. In this paper, it is shown that none of the category of all $\mathsf{DC}$ spaces, that of all $\mathsf{RD}$ spaces, that of all $\mathsf{WD}$ spaces, that of all quasisober spaces, that of all weakly spaces and that of all cut spaces is reflective in the category of all $T_0$ spaces with continuous mappings., Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2204.09512

Anticoagulation (AC) is the main preventive strategy for ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. We aim to investigate the association of prior AC with thrombus composition and clinical outcome in AF patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).From January 2019 to December 2020, consecutive AIS patients with AF treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in our center were included in this analysis. Retrieved thrombi were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Martius Scarlet blue (MSB). The relative fractions of red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), fibrin, and platelet were quantitatively analyzed. Procedural and clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without prior AC.A total of 133 patients were enrolled in this study, with 39 in AC group and 94 in non-AC (NAC) group. Thrombi in AC group contained more fibrins (36% vs 20%, p0.001), more platelets (36% vs 24%, p0.001) and fewer RBCs (25% vs 54%, p0.001). No difference was detected in terms of successful recanalization evaluated with modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale (mTICI 2b-3, 97% vs 86%, p=0.065), functional independence at 90 days with modified Rankin Score (mRS 0-2, 44% vs 33%, p=0.246).Thrombi retrieved from AF patients with prior AC contained more fibrins, more platelets and fewer RBCs compared with those of NAC patients. A trend of higher successful reperfusion rate was observed in AC patients but failed to reach statistical significance.

In this paper, we construct a new way below relation from any given T 0 space by making use of the cut operator, and introduce the concepts of SI2-continuous spaces and SI2-quasicontinuous spaces. The main results are: (1) a space ( X , τ ) is SI2-continuous iff the set X equipped with the SI2-topology τ S I 2 is a C-space; (2) a space ( X , τ ) is SI2-quasicontinuous iff ( X , τ S I 2 ) is a locally hypercompact space; (3) a space is SI2-continuous iff it is a meet SI2-continuous and SI2-quasicontinuous space.

In this note, we introduce the concepts of weak finitely regular relations and weak hypercontinuous posets. It is proved that when a binary relation $$\rho :X/\rightarrow Y$$ satisfies a certain condition, $$\rho $$ is weak finitely regular if and only if $$(\varphi _{\rho }(X,Y),\subseteq )$$ is a weak hypercontinuous poset. For a poset P, we get that the relation $$\not \le $$ on P is weak finitely regular if and only if P is weak hypercontinuous.

Given any subset selection $\mathcal {Z}$ for posets, we study two weakenings of the known concept of $\mathcal {Z}$-predistributivity, namely, $\mathcal {Z}$-quasidistributivity and $\mathcal {Z}$-meet-distributivity. The former generalizes quasicontinuity, and the latter meet-continuity of complete lattices. We show for global completions $\mathcal {Z}$ that the $\mathcal {Z}$-quasidistributive and $\mathcal {Z}$-meet-distributive posets are the $\mathcal {Z}$-predistributive ones. For the $\mathcal {Z}$-Δ-ideal completion $\mathcal {Z}^{\Delta } P = \{ Y\subseteq P: {\Delta }^{\mathcal {Z}}Y = Y\}$, $\mathcal {P}$-quasidistributivity is $\mathcal {Z}$-quasidistributivity plus $\mathcal {Z}^{\Delta }$-quasidistributivity, provided ${\Delta }^{\mathcal {Z}}$ is idempotent. For $\mathcal {Z}$-continuous normal completions e : P → N, we show that $\mathcal {Z}$-quasidistributivity of P implies that of N, and the converse holds as well if e is $\mathcal {Z}$-initial. This supplements the corresponding results, due to Erne, on the completion-invariance of $\mathcal {Z}$-predistributivity and $\mathcal {Z}$-meet-distributivity. If $\mathcal {Z}$ is a subset system and the $\mathcal {Z}$-below relation on the subsets of a poset P has the interpolation property then P is $\mathcal {Z}$-quasidistributive and may be embedded in a cube by a map that is $\mathcal {Z}^{\Delta }$-continuous and continuous for the lower topologies.

OBJECTIVES To establish and validate a prognostic scoring model in a Chinese population to predict the neurological outcome among comatose survivors of cardiac arrest (CA). METHODS 159 CA patients between January 2016 and November 2020 were recruited in this retrospective study. In the derivation cohort, prognostic factors available from arrest circumstances and early in-hospital indicators were measured. The Cardiac Arrest Neurological Prognosis (CANP) score was then constructed to predict unfavorable outcomes at 30 days after CA. The assessment of predictive effectiveness of this scoring model was conducted in both derivation and validation cohorts. RESULTS Witnessed status, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, initial rhythm, duration of resuscitation, Glasgow Coma Scale motor score, pupillary/corneal reflex, gray-white matter ratio and neuron-specific enolase exhibit strong correlations with the neurological outcomes in the derivation cohort (all p

The concept of topological gyrogroups is a generalization of a topological group. In this work, ones prove that a topological gyrogroup G is metrizable iff G has an {\omega}{\omega}-base and G is Frechet-Urysohn. Moreover, in topological gyrogroups, every (countably, sequentially) compact subset being strictly (strongly) Frechet-Urysohn and having an {\omega}{\omega}-base are all weakly three-space properties with H a closed L-subgyrogroup, Comment: 10 pages

For a $T_0$ space $X$, let $\mk (X)$ be the poset of all compact saturated sets of $X$ with the reverse inclusion order. The space $X$ is said to have property Q if for any $K_1, K_2\in \mk (X)$, $K_2\ll K_1$ in $\mk (X)$ if{}f $K_2\subseteq \ii~\!K_1$. In this paper, we give several connections among the well-filteredness of $X$, the sobriety of $X$, the local compactness of $X$, the core compactness of $X$, the property Q of $X$, the coincidence of the upper Vietoris topology and Scott topology on $\mk (X)$, and the continuity of $x\mapsto\ua x : X \longrightarrow \Sigma~\!\! \mk (X)$ (where $\Sigma~\!\! \mk (X)$ is the Scott space of $\mk (X)$). It is shown that for a well-filtered space $X$ for which its Smyth power space $P_S(X)$ is first-countable, the following three properties are equivalent: the local compactness of $X$, the core compactness of $X$ and the continuity of $\mk (X)$. It is also proved that for a first-countable $T_0$ space $X$ in which the set of minimal elements of $K$ is countable for any compact saturated subset $K$ of $X$, the Smyth power space $P_S(X)$ is first-countable. For the Alexandroff double circle $Y$, which is Hausdorff and first-countable, we show that its Smyth power space $P_S(Y)$ is not first-countable., Comment: 12 pages

In the past few years, the research on sober spaces and well-filtered spaces has got some breakthrough progress. In this paper, we shall present a brief summarising survey on some of such development. Furthermore, we shall pose and illustrate some open problems on well-filtered spaces and sober spaces., Comment: 17 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2003.07737, arXiv:1909.09303, arXiv:1911.11618