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Major sudden disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, and fires, often cause significant casualties. Emergency evacuation is crucial in mitigating these impacts. Different types of disaster incidents vary significantly in terms of impact scope, suddenness, and urgency. Each type of disaster possesses distinct characteristics, necessitating varying requirements for emergency evacuation. Consequently, we conducted a bibliometric analysis and visual mapping of evacuation processes in major natural disasters from 2004-2023, analyzing 7213 publications from the Web of Science database via VOSviewer and ArcGIS. Our study identified three developmental phases: an initial phase (pre-2011) with 1169 publications, a growth phase (2012-2018) with 2772 publications, and an expansion phase (post-2019) with 3335 publications. This study provides a comprehensive review and classification of emergency evacuation theories and methods in major disaster scenarios. It emphasizes the necessity of assessing the scope and intensity of different types of major emergent disasters, defining and simulating the affected behaviors of the influenced populations, and formulating differentiated emergency evacuation strategies accordingly. Keyword analysis reveals two main trends supporting these findings: an increasing focus on complex evacuation modeling and simulation techniques, manifested in the application of various simulation-optimized microscopic and macroscopic models such as cellular automata, social force models, agent-based models, pedestrian flow, and network flow models, enhancing disaster understanding and prediction capabilities; and the strategic development of tailored evacuation strategies for specific disaster contexts, thereby improving disaster response efficiency. Three key future pathways for safety evacuation research are outlined: refining evacuation behavior models for greater accuracy, improving the coordination of complex, multi-level evacuation procedures, and integrating indoor and outdoor evacuation strategies more seamlessly. It establishes a forward-looking framework for advancing safety evacuation studies in major emergencies.

Abstract The rapid development of Blockchain Internet of Things (IoT) has intensified the need for efficient and secure cross-chain transmission across heterogeneous systems. However, traditional cross-chain methods, such as hash time-locked contracts and relay chains, focus primarily on security and correctness while neglecting performance optimization. This limitation is particularly pronounced in high-dynamic environments like port areas, where network congestion, high latency, and uneven resource utilization are prevalent challenges. To address these gaps, this study proposes a novel load-adaptive cross-chain control method tailored for Blockchain IoT systems in port areas. The proposed method integrates multi-feature joint learning with adaptive multi-channel joint bus control, enabling dynamic resource allocation and interference suppression for enhanced transmission efficiency. Furthermore, a distributed intelligent scheduling mechanism is introduced to improve scalability and stability under high-concurrency conditions by decentralizing task coordination across blockchain nodes. Additionally, federated learning is employed to optimize cross-chain communication while preserving data privacy, ensuring secure and collaborative optimization in multi-party environments. Extensive simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating significant improvements in throughput, latency, and packet loss rate compared to traditional centralized methods. The results highlight the method’s ability to balance dynamic network loads, minimize interference, and adapt to real-time conditions. This work bridges the gap between performance-oriented optimizations and privacy-preserving mechanisms, offering a scalable and secure solution for Blockchain IoT systems in complex and dynamic environments.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Abnormally high expression of Golgi protein 73 (GP73) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is intimately associated with HCC progression. However, as secreted proteins, the role of their extracellular secretions in HCC progression remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of extracellular GP73 was positively correlated with extracellular PKM2. GP73 interacted with PKM2 to promote SUMO1 modification of PKM2, which in turn enhanced the interaction of GP73 and PKM2. This process continuously promoted the transfer of PKM2 from the cytoplasm to the membrane in HCC cells, and finally secretion. Extracellular PKM2 and GP73 synergistically promoted angiogenesis and polarization of M2-type macrophages, thereby leading to malignant progression and sorafenib resistance in HCC. Sorafenib combined with shikonin, a specific inhibitor of PKM2, has a strong anti-tumor effect. This study reveals the role of GP73 in enhancing PKM2 and GP73 secretion in promoting HCC progression, providing a theoretical basis and drug targets for HCC therapy.

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship between retinal vascular geometry and silent brain infarction (SBI) in the Chinese population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study that retrospectively analyzed the fundus photographs, MRI and other clinical data of 227 SBIs and 227 controls who visited Shanghai Health And Medical Center for physical examination. The retinal vessel fractal dimension (FD), retinal artery fractal dimension (FDa), retinal vein fractal dimension (FDv), central retinal artery diameter in the region from 0.5 ~ 1.0 disc diameter (DD) from the disc margin (CRAEB), central retinal artery diameter in the region from 1.0 ~ 2.0 DD from the disc margin (CRAEC), central retinal vein diameter in the region from 0.5 ~ 1.0 DD from the disc margin (CRVEB), central retinal vein diameter in the region from 1.0 ~ 2.0 DD from the disc margin (CRVEC), retinal arteriovenous diameter ratio in the region from 0.5 ~ 1.0 DD from the disc margin (AVRB), and retinal arteriovenous diameter ratio in the region from 1.0 ~ 2.0 DD from the disc margin (AVRC) were accessed by the Singapore “I” Vessel Assessment (SIVA) software. Results FD, FDa, FDv, CRAEB, CRAEC, CRVEB, CRVEC and AVRB in SBI subjects were 1.25 (1.21–1.28), 1.11 (1.08–1.14), 1.09 (1.06–1.13), 168.78 ± 19.39, 163.55 ± 18.97, 235.77 (222.64-254.08), 224.39 ± 23.29, 0.72 ± 0.06, respectively, significantly lower than those of control subjects [1.30 (1.28–1.32), 1.15 (1.13–1.18), 1.14 (1.12–1.16), 196.81 ± 27.94, 183.81 ± 25.46, 273.03 (247.59–296.30), 249.59 ± 32.03, and 0.73 ± 0.08]. Logistic regression results showed that higher FD (OR, 0.04), FDa (OR, 0.07), FDv (OR, 0.06), CRAEB (OR, 0.02), CRAEC (OR, 0.04), CRVEB (OR, 0.03), CRVEC (OR, 0.06), and AVRB (OR, 0.55) were associated with a lower of SBI. There was no significant difference in AVRC between the two groups. Conclusion Our study shows the association between retinal vascular geometry and SBI, and the results may provide new biomarkers for the early detection of SBI.

To explore the inhibiting effect of phosvitin phosphopeptide (PPP) on α-amylase, enabling it to regulate blood glucose levels and alleviate type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus. This study employed enzymatic hydrolysis of phosvitin with the inhibition rate of α-amylase as an index, followed by enzyme inhibition kinetics experiments to analyze the inhibitory type of PPP on α-amylase. LC-MS identification was conducted, and molecular docking was performed to screen for highly active α-amylase inhibitory peptides, which were subsequently validated. The results showed that optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions involved initial hydrolysis with trypsin (7000 U/g), followed by pepsin (60000 U/g) for 6 h each. The prepared PPP exhibited the highest α-amylase inhibition rate 70.69%±1.71% at a concentration of 7.81×10−3 mg/mL. PPP acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. Two novel highly active α-amylase inhibitory peptides FGTEPDAK and IWGR were identified and screened, exhibiting IC50 values of (0.80±0.14)×10−3 mg/mL and (1.80±0.31)×10−3 mg/mL, respectively. Both extremely significantly lower than the positive control acarbose's IC50 value (3.17±0.47)×10−3 mg/mL (P

Abstract Background Le Fort colpocleisis is an obliterative surgery for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Le Fort colpocleisis in the treatment of patients with stage III-IV POP. Methods The study was designed as a retrospective analysis of a single-center case series. Patients with stage III-IV POP treated with Le Fort colpocleisis were included. Perioperative indicators, subjective and objective outcomes and complications were assessed. The POP-Quantification (POP-Q) system was used for objective outcome evaluation. Pelvic Floor Distress Questionnaire (PFDI-20) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) were used for subjective outcome evaluation. Results A total of 54 patients with complete pre- and postoperative data completed follow-up and were included in our study. The mean ± standard deviation of operative time, intraoperative blood loss, recovery activity time, postoperative hospitalization time and total hospitalization time were 146.85 ± 37.01 min, 92.04 ± 68.31 ml, 2.81 ± 0.85 days, 6.5 ± 2.11 days and 13.52 ± 4.78 days, respectively. Within the median follow-up period of 38.5 months, the objective cure rate of Le Fort colpocleisis reached 98.15% (53/54), and the subjective cure rate reached 92.59% (50/54). No serious complications were reported during the perioperative period and follow-up period. Conclusion Le Fort colpocleisis is an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of severe POP. Because of its lower operative risk, better subjective and objective outcomes, lower rates of prolapse recurrence and perioperative complications, Le Fort colpocleisis should be considered as the recommended procedure for elderly patients with severe POP (stage III-IV).

Abstract Background Suboptimal health status (SHS) is an intermediate status between ideal heath and illness, it is characterized by the perception of health complaints, general weakness, decreased immunity and low energy. An increasing number of Chinese middle school students are suffering from psychological symptoms (PS), particularly anxiety and depression. The relationship between SHS and PS is unclear in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SHS and the correlation between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students and to identify the SHS-related risk factors from the perspective of public health. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with the cluster sampling method among 1955 middle school students in Shantou, China. SHS was assessed by Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25). And the PS of anxiety and depression were assessed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Beck Depression Inventory-II Scale (BDI-II) self-assessment questionnaires. Variate logistic analysis was applied to explore risk factors of SHS. The relationship between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students was subsequently analyzed. Results Among the 1955 participants, 1904 middle school students were finally included in the analysis, the effective response rate was 97.39%. The prevalence of SHS was 10.3% (197/1904) while the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 30.7% (585/1904) and 34.1% (649/1904), respectively. A strong correlation was identified between SHS and PS among middle school students. With the aggravation of anxiety and depression, the probability of suffering from SHS increased (both P

Abstract The direct utilization of solar energy for the artificial photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) provides a reliable approach for producing this high-value green oxidant. Here we report on the utility of high-entropy oxide (HEO) semiconductor as an all-in-one photocatalyst for visible light-driven H2O2 production directly from H2O and atmospheric O2 without the need of any additional cocatalysts or sacrificial agents. This high-entropy photocatalyst contains eight earth-abundant metal elements (Ti/V/Cr/Nb/Mo/W/Al/Cu) homogeneously arranged within a single rutile phase, and the intrinsic chemical complexity along with the presence of a high density of oxygen vacancies endow high-entropy photocatalyst with distinct broadband light harvesting capability. An efficient H2O2 production rate with an apparent quantum yield of 38.8% at 550 nm can be achieved. The high-entropy photocatalyst can be readily assembled into floating artificial leaves for sustained on-site production of H2O2 from open water resources under natural sunlight irradiation.

Abstract The fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) is a noninvasive fibrosis test that is recommended for patients who are at risk of developing hepatic fibrosis. The aim of the study was to explore the correlation between FIB‐4 index and the decline of cognitive function among older patients with hypertension. The study used a cross‐sectional design to analyze data obtained from the NHANES 2011–2014. The significance of the FIB‐4 index correlation with cognitive function in individuals over the age of 60 was evaluated via multivariate regression models. The nonlinear link was described and fitted smoothed curves. There were a total of 2039 participants in the study, and those with a higher FIB‐4 index were more susceptible to developing cognitive decline. In the completely adjusted model, the association remained statistically significant between the FIB‐4 index and poor cognitive function as measured by CERAD: Total Score (OR = 0.72, 0.57−0.91), Animal Fluency Score (OR = 0.66, 0.48−0.91), and Digit Symbol Score (OR = 0.36, 0.17−0.77). A nonlinear association was found between the FIB‐4 and poor cognitive ability: Total Score, CERAD: Score Delayed Recall, Digit Symbol Score, and Animal Fluency Score. In elderly patients with hypertension, a high FIB‐4 index is correlated with an increased prevalence of cognitive decline. Hence, the FIB‐4 index could potentially serve as a valuable tool for determining individuals with hypertension who are susceptible to both liver‐related complications and cognitive impairment.

Protein kinase C α (PKCα) regulates diverse biological functions of cancer cells and is a promising therapeutic target. However, clinical trials of PKC-targeted therapies have not yielded satisfactory results. Recent studies have also indicated a tumor-suppressive role of PKCs via unclear molecular mechanisms. In this study, we found that PKCα inhibition enhances CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor evasion and abolishes antitumor activity in immunocompetent mice. We further identified PKCα as a critical regulator of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and found that it enhances T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity in breast cancer by interacting with PD-L1 and suppressing PD-L1 expression. We demonstrated that PKCα-mediated PD-L1 phosphorylation promotes PD-L1 degradation through β transducin repeat-containing protein. Notably, the efficacy of PKCα inhibitors was intensified by synergizing with anti-PD-L1 mAb therapy to boost antitumor T-cell immunity in vivo. Clinical analysis revealed that PKCα expression is positively correlated with T-cell function and the interferon-gamma signature in patients with breast cancer. This study demonstrated the antitumor capability of PKCα, identified potential therapeutic strategies to avoid tumor evasion via PKC-targeted therapies, and provided a proof of concept for targeting PKCα in combination with anti-PD-L1 mAb therapy as a potential therapeutic approach against breast cancer, especially TNBC.

Abstract Background Early-life exposure to famine may influence the occurrence of chronic diseases and aging in midlife among those exposed. This study aims to explore the relationship between exposure to the Chinese Great Famine and aging in middle-aged individuals. Methods Participants born in 1963–1965 (unexposed), 1959–1961 (in utero exposure), and 1955–1957 (childhood exposure) from the Kailuan Study were included. Their biological age at 2010, 2014, and 2018 was investigated, and age acceleration (biological age minus actual age) was calculated to assess aging. Logistic regression analysis was employed to describe the relationship between famine exposure and the aging risk. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were conducted to explore differences and stability in this relationship among different groups. Results A total of 17,543 participants were included in this study. Among them, 12,762 (72.7%) were male, and 4,781 (27.3%) were female, with 2,543 participants experiencing aging events. Compared to unexposed participants, those exposed during childhood and in utero exhibited a 1.69-fold (OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.53–1.87) and 1.22-fold (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08–1.37) increased risk of aging. Subgroup analysis revealed an interaction with income (P for interaction = 0.008), and additional interaction analysis suggested that increasing income could partially mitigate the detrimental effects of early-life famine exposure. Furthermore, experiencing famine in severely affected regions exacerbated the risk of aging (OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.21–1.63). Conclusion Exposure to famine in utero or during childhood may elevate the risk of midlife aging among exposed individuals, and these relationships are influenced by the severity of famine exposure. Increasing income may also help mitigate these effects. Trial registration: Kailuan study, ChiCTRTNRC11001489. Registered July 19, 2015 Retrospectively registered, https//www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=8050&u_atoken=af46a0dee8d73f320bb5459ab7bbcfa9&u_asig=1a0c381017255295896468605e00cf .

ABSTRACT Hypertension is the predominant cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) globally, and essential hypertension (EH) represents a significant public health challenge due to its multifactorial etiology involving complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. However, the pathogenesis of EH is still unclear. Hypertension is a dysregulation in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system, both regulating saline homeostasis and cardiovascular function. However, current therapeutic interventions targeting these systems have limited efficacy in approximately 40% of cases, suggesting the involvement of alternative mechanisms. Inflammation is associated with the occurrence and progression of hypertension, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive, while chronic inflammation leads to tissue damage, fibrosis, and irreversible organ dysfunction. The development and maintenance of EH are caused by endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Neutrophils are involved in both acute and chronic inflammation since they represent the primary line of defense against inflammatory insults once recruited to the inflamed site where they remove harmful impurities. The process involving the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is called NETosis are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of CVDs, including coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Recent investigations demonstrated that NETs facilitate the development of hypertension; however, the precise role of NETs in hypertension remains largely elusive. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding regarding the involvement of NETosis in hypertension and explore the potential therapies targeting NETs for future interventions.

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a metric that provides a more accurate measure of feed efficiency. The lower the RFI, the higher the feed efficiency. The changes in the host microbiome and metabolome contribute to the greater feed efficiency of low RFI (LRFI) animals. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in rumen microorganisms, rumen metabolites and plasma metabolites of Hu sheep with differing RFI through the microbiome and metabolome. A total of 80 Hu sheep were used. The experiment consisted of a 15-d pretrial period and a 128-d experimental period. The RFI in the experimental period was calculated for all sheep, and the sheep were screened into high RFI (HRFI, n = 8) and LRFI (n = 8) groups. The HRFI and LRFI sheep did not differ in their initial and final body weights, average daily gain and body measurements, but the dry matter intake of LRFI sheep was significantly decreased (28.4%, P

Abstract To explore the clinical characteristics of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 nationwide, especially the effect factors of asymptomatic infection and disappearance of clinical symptoms. A total of 66,448 COVID-19 patients in China who have been diagnosed by nucleic acid test or rapid antigen test were surveyed online (December 24, 2022 to January 16, 2023). Our cross-sectional study used descriptive analyses and binary Logistics regression model to assess the correlation between the clinical characteristics and relative factors, including age, gender, pre-existing conditions, reinfection, vaccination and treatment. A total of 64,515 valid questionnaires were collected. Among included participants, 5969 of which were asymptomatic. The symptoms were mainly upper respiratory symptoms, including dry and itchy throat (64.16%), sore throat (59.95%), hoarseness (57.90%), nasal congestion (53.39%). In binary Logistics regression model, we found that male, no pre-existing conditions, reinfection and vaccination have positive correlations with the appearance of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients. In Cox proportional-hazards regression model, considering all clinical symptoms disappeared in 14 days as outcome, we found that ≤ 60 years old, male, no pre-existing conditions, vaccination and adopted treatment have positive correlations with rapid amelioration of clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. The clinical symptoms of the participants were mainly upper respiratory symptoms which were according with the infection of Omicron variant. Factors including age, gender, pre-existing conditions and reinfection could influence the clinical characteristics and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Importantly, vaccination has positive significance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Lastly, the use of Chinese medicine maybe beneficial to COVID-19 patients, however, reasonable guidance is necessary.

Abstract Stress granules (SGs) are considered to be the nonmembrane discrete assemblies present in the cytoplasm to cope with various environmental stress. SGs can promote the progression and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism of SG formation to reduce drug resistance in HCC. In this study, we demonstrate that p110α is required for SGs assembly. Mechanistically, the Arg-Gly (RG) motif of p110α is required for SG competence and regulates the recruitment of SG components. The methylation of p110α mediated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) interferes with the recruitment of p110α to SG components, thereby inhibiting the promotion of p110α to SGs. On this basis, we generated metal-polyphenol-network-coated R612F nanoparticles (MPN-R612F), which can efficiently enter HCC cells and maintain the hypermethylation state of p110α, thereby inhibiting the assembly of SGs and ultimately reducing the resistance of HCC cells to sorafenib. The combination of MPN-R612F nanoparticles and sorafenib can kill HCC cells more effectively and play a stronger anti-tumor effect. This study provides a new perspective for targeting SGs in the treatment of HCC.

Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor of epithelial origin in head and neck with high incidence rate in South China, Southeast Asia and North Africa. The intervention of tumor-associated macrophages (Mφs) (TAMs)-mediated immunosuppression is a potential therapeutic strategy against tumor metastasis, but the exact mechanisms of TAM-mediated immunosuppression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma are unclear. Furthermore, how TAM affects the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through metabolism is rarely involved. In this work, we revealed that NPC cells promoted M2-type Mφ polarization and elevated itaconic acid (ITA) release. Also, TAMs facilitated NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through immune response gene 1 (IRG1)-catalyzed ITA production. Then, IRG1-mediated ITA production in TAMs repressed the killing of CD8+ T cells, induced M2-type polarization of TAMs, and reduced the phagocytosis of TAMs. Moreover, we demonstrated ITA played a tumor immunosuppressive role by binding and dampening ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) expression. Finally, we proved that ITA promotes NPC growth by facilitating immune escape in CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell humanized mice. In Conclusion, TAM-derived ITA facilitated NPC progression by enhancing immune escape through targeting TET2, highlighting that interfering with the metabolic pathway of ITA may be a potential strategy for NPC treatment.

Zhigancao decoction is a traditional prescription for treating irregular pulse and palpitations in China. As the monarch drug of Zhigancao decoction, the bioactive molecules of licorice against heart diseases remain elusive. We established the HRESIMS-guided method leading to the isolation of three novel bicyclic peptides, glycnsisitins A–C (1–3), with distinctive C–C and C–O–C side-chain-to-side-chain linkages from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Licorice). Glycnsisitin A demonstrated stronger cardioprotective activity than glycnsisitins B and C in an in vitro model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Glycnsisitin A treatment not only reduced the mortality of heart failure (HF) mice in a dose-dependent manner but also significantly attenuated DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the differentially expressed genes indicated that the cardioprotective effect of glycnsisitin A was mainly attributed to its ability to maintain iron homeostasis in the myocardium. Mechanistically, glycnsisitin A interacted with transferrin and facilitated its binding to the transferrin receptor (TFRC), which caused increased uptake of iron in cardiomyocytes. These findings highlight the key role of bicyclic peptides as bioactive molecules of Zhigancao decoction for the treatment of HF, and glycnsisitin A constitutes a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of HF.

Abstract. Background:. This systematic review aimed to examine whether dual-task (DT) training was superior to single-task (ST) training in improving DT walking, balance and cognitive functions for individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods:. Literature search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Metstr covering inception to May 10, 2023. And in order to facilitate comparison across trials, we calculated the effect size (Hedges’ g) of gait, balance, cognitive, and other parameters under both ST and DT conditions, using the mean change score and standard deviation (SD) of change score of the experimental and control groups. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of DT motor and cognitive training in individuals with Parkinson’s disease were included for this systematic review. Results:. A total of 214 participants recruited from six articles (actually five trials) were involved in this review. In terms of walking ability, only double support time and stride time variability showed significant between-group difference (Hedges’ g = 0.34, 0.18, respectively). Compared to ST training group, DT training group had a more improvement effect in laboratory balance measurement (Hedges’ g = 0.18, 1.25), but no significant improvement in clinical balance measurement. No significant between-group differences were observed, thus its training effect on cognitive function was inconclusive. Conclusions:. The DT training failed to achieve promising results better than ST training in improving DT walking and balance functions for individuals with PD. Any firm conclusion cannot be drawn at present, due to the limited number of eligible publications. Larger sample size and high-quality studies are needed to investigate the effectiveness of DT training in individuals with PD.

Abstract Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is involved in the pathogenesis of various malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). Ubiquitin domain containing 1 (UBTD1), a ubiquitin-like protein, regulates UPS-mediated protein degradation and tumor progression in some cancer types. However, the biological function and mechanism of UBTD1 are far from being well elucidated, and its role in CRC has not been explored yet. In our study, we analyzed CRC patients’ clinical information and UBTD1 expression data, and found that the expression of UBTD1 in cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissue. Higher UBTD1 expression was significantly associated with poorer survival and more lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of UBTD1 could facilitate, while knockdown could inhibit CRC cell proliferation and migration, respectively. RNA-seq and proteomics indicated that c-Myc is an important downstream target of UBTD1. Metabolomics showed the products of the glycolysis pathway were significantly increased in UBTD1 overexpression cells. In vitro, we verified UBTD1 upregulating c-Myc protein and promoting CRC cell proliferation and migration via regulating c-Myc. UBTD1 promoted CRC cells’ glycolysis, evidenced by the increased lactate production and glucose uptake following UBTD1 overexpression. Mechanistically, UBTD1 prolonged the half-life of the c-Myc protein by binding to E3 ligase β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), thereby upregulated the expression of glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme hexokinase II (HK2), and enhanced glycolysis and promoted CRC progression. In conclusion, our study revealed that UBTD1 promotes CRC progression by upregulating glycolysis via the β-TrCP/c-Myc/HK2 pathway, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC.

Abstract Chest pain, a common initial symptom in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, is closely linked to myocardial ischemia, despite the absence of significant coronary artery stenosis. This study explored microvascular dysfunction in HCM patients by employing angiography-derived microcirculatory resistance (AMR) as a novel tool for comprehensive assessment. This retrospective analysis included HCM patients with chest pain as the primary symptom and control patients without cardiac hypertrophy during the same period. The AMR was computed through angiography, providing a wire-free and adenosine-free index for evaluating microcirculatory function. Propensity score matching ensured balanced demographics between groups. This study also investigated the correlation between the AMR and clinical outcomes by utilizing echocardiography and follow-up data. After matching, 76 HCM patients and 152 controls were analyzed. While there was no significant difference in the incidence of epicardial coronary stenosis, the AMR of three epicardial coronary arteries was markedly greater in HCM patients. The criterion of an AMR ≥ 250 mmHg*s/m was that 65.7% of HCM patients experienced coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Independent risk factors for CMD included increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (OR = 1.209, 95% CI 1.013–1.443, p = 0.036). Furthermore, an AMR_LAD ≥ 250 mmHg*s/m had an increased cumulative risk of the endpoint (log-rank p = 0.023) and was an independent risk factor for the endpoint (HR = 11.64, 95% CI 1.13–120.03, p = 0.039), providing valuable prognostic insights.

Abstract Objective Dysphagia is common in individuals who have undergone posterior fossa tumor (PFT) resection and negatively impacts on the individual’s quality of life, nutritional status, and overall health. We aimed to quantitatively synthesize data from studies of the prevalence of dysphagia following PFT resection. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, and VIP database were searched for case-control and cross-sectional studies that evaluated the prevalence of dysphagia after PFT surgery. Meta-analyses were performed to determine the prevalence of dysphagia. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to determine the sources of heterogeneity among the studies. Results A total of 22 studies were included, involving 20,921 cases. A meta-analysis of the random-effects model showed that the pooled global prevalence of dysphagia following PFT resection was 21.7% (95% confidence interval: 16.9–26.6). The subgroup and meta-regression analyses demonstrated that participant age (P < 0.001), assessment methods (P = 0.004), and geographical region of the study participants (P = 0.001) were sources of heterogeneity among the studies. Conclusions Dysphagia has a high prevalence following PFT resection. Individuals with PFTs who are at a high risk for dysphagia should be identified early through screening. Multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia are required to improve the outcomes in the early stages after PFT resection.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of systemic cancer therapy. During disinhibiting the antitumor responses of immune system, ICIs may also cause unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs) which could affect any organ. Here, we report a rare case of sintilimab-induced ureteritis/cystitis in a 55-year-old male undergoing neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for gastric cancer. The patient presented with severe renal colic, hematuria, and hydronephrosis. Antibiotic antispasmodic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment failed to alleviate symptoms. The application of corticosteroid was negated for recent extirpative surgery under plan. Bilateral ureteral stenting effectively resolved the pain and improved renal function. The patient later successfully underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy with significant tumor regression in postoperative pathology. This case highlights ureteral stenting as a potential corticosteroid-free treatment option for ICI-induced ureteritis/cystitis.

Abstract Programmed cell death represents a precisely regulated and active cellular demise, governed by a complex network of specific genes and proteins. The identification of multiple forms of programmed cell death has significantly advanced the understanding of its intricate mechanisms, as demonstrated in recent studies. A thorough grasp of these processes is essential across various biological disciplines and in the study of diseases. Nonetheless, despite notable progress, the exploration of the relationship between programmed cell death and disease, as well as its clinical application, are still in a nascent stage. Therefore, further exploration of programmed cell death and the development of corresponding therapeutic methods and strategies holds substantial potential. Our review provides a detailed examination of the primary mechanisms behind apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Following this, the discussion delves into biological functions and diseases associated dysregulated programmed cell death. Finally, we highlight existing and potential therapeutic targets and strategies focused on cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to summarize the latest insights on programmed cell death from mechanisms to diseases and provides a more reliable approach for clinical transformation.

Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium primarily residing in the oral cavity, has garnered significant attention for its emerging role in cancer progression and prognosis. While extensive research has revealed mechanistic links between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancer, a comprehensive review spanning its presence and metastatic implications in cancers beyond colorectal origin is conspicuously absent. This paper broadens our perspective from colorectal cancer to various malignancies associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum, including oral, pancreatic, esophageal, breast, and gastric cancers. Our central focus is to unravel the mechanisms governing Fusobacterium nucleatum colonization, initiation, and promotion of metastasis across diverse cancer types. Additionally, we explore Fusobacterium nucleatum‘s adverse impacts on cancer therapies, particularly within the domains of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, this paper underscores the clinical research significance of Fusobacterium nucleatum as a potential tumor biomarker and therapeutic target, offering a novel outlook on its applicability in cancer detection and prognostic assessment.

Feeding sheep with high-concentrate diet (HCD) to shorten production cycle is a well-developed feeding strategy to increase lamb production. Here, metabolomics were performed to explore the mechanism that HCD changes lamb nutrition composition. Differential metabolites were enriched in primary bile acid biosynthesis. Significantly higher content of bile acids including taurodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (TDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium salt (TCDCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA) was observed in lamb of HCD, while the content of lithocholic acid (LCA), cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and Chenodeoxycholic acid-3-beta-D-glucuronide (CDCA-3Gln) were higher in the controls. Furthermore, a significantly decreased content of fatty acids was observed in lamb of HCD group. Finally, primary skeletal cells treated with CA or TCA showed a significant decrease in contents of fatty acids, while TCA showed a stronger effect in decreasing fatty acid contents. Collectively, we suggest that HCD decreases lamb fatty acid contents by regulating bile acid composition.

To address the problems of the labeling curved surfaces vegetable with long label, such as the label wrinkled and the easy detachment, a cam-elliptical gear combined labeling mechanism with an improved hypocycloid trajectory is proposed. Provide the process of the mechanism, and establish a kinematic model of the mechanism. In order to improve the motion performances of the cam-elliptical gear combined labeling mechanism and avoid labels damage, the NSGA-II algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the mechanism, resulting in 80 sets of Pareto solutions. The entropy weight TOPSIS method is applied as a quadratic optimization to select an optimal solution from the 80 sets of Pareto solutions and obtain the optimized parameters of the mechanism. A comparative study is conducted with an elliptical-circular planetary gear mechanism using the hypocycloid trajectory. The results show that the improved mechanism reduces the maximum velocity by 7%, the maximum and minimum accelerations by 2% and 18%. After the quadratic optimization the distance error of the center point of suction cup and the labeling point is reduced from 1.3 mm to 0.12 mm, and the velocity during labeling and taking position is reduced from 0.10770 m s−1 to 0.0037 m s−1. The correctness of the proposed method is validated through simulation studies and experiments. This research provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of long label and curved surface labeling mechanism for vegetables.

ABSTRACT Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginal infectious disease caused by Candida. The high recurrence rate of VVC is a great clinical challenge, with recurrent VVC (RVVC) defined as four or more episodes within a year. In this study, we recruited 31 RVVC patients, 28 VVC patients, and 29 healthy women. Vaginal samples were collected for metagenomic and metabolic analysis. RVVC and VVC groups presented similar clinical symptoms, with only a significantly increased incidence of swelling in the VVC group. Vaginal microbiota in VVC/RVVC exhibited a decreased abundance of Lactobacillus and increased bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Atopobium. Notably, Lactobacillus iners was higher in RVVC, suggesting not all Lactobacillus species are protective. Healthy women showed lower overall microbiota diversity, emphasizing single-species dominance for stability. Glycogen metabolism pathways were enriched in RVVC/VVC, and were correlated with Atopobium vaginae, Prevotella bivia, and Lactobacillus jensenii. Peptidoglycan synthesis pathways, associated with P. bivia, were enriched, with the substrate L-glutamate elevated in RVVC, possibly promoted by L. iners. These findings shed light on potential therapeutic targets for recurrent VVC, contributing to the understanding of the intricate interplay between the metabolism of vaginal microbiome and disease.IMPORTANCEThis study enhances our knowledge of the vaginal microbiota dynamics and the role of associated metabolites in individuals with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis through shotgun sequencing and multi-omics analysis. The relationship between metabolites and vaginal microbiota and disease state was revealed. The accumulation of L-glutamate generated in glycogen metabolism, which is governed by Lactobacillus iners or bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria, may contribute to the incidence and recurrence of VVC. Such insights have the potential to impact the treatment and prevention strategies for these common yet distressing conditions, potentially leading to targeted therapies and improved patient outcomes.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) is a biphasic epithelial tumor associated with HPV infection. This rare tumor primarily affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, with only two cases reported outside these locations to date—one in the breast and one in the vulva. This report presents a case of a tumor resembling an HMSC arising in the cervix. A 69-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with a history of vaginal bleeding lasting for more than a year. The patient tested positive for high-risk HPV. A cervical biopsy revealed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with invasion. Subsequently, the patient underwent radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. The postoperative pathological diagnosis, based on histology, immunohistochemistry, and HPV testing, was multiphenotypic cervical carcinoma resembling HMSC. The patient did not receive any adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy postoperatively. Notably, during a year of postoperative follow-up, no recurrence or metastasis was observed. Multiphenotypic cervical carcinoma is a rare tumor that resembles HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma. These tumors are associated with HPV infection, typically exhibit high-grade histological features, and show a propensity for local indolent progression clinically. Accurate identification of these tumors through their histological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining, followed by confirmation with HPV and molecular genetic testing, is crucial for precise diagnosis, prognostication, and effective management.

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are highly valued in transparent photovoltaics for their versatility and adaptability as effective large‐area sunlight collectors. However, constructing LSCs as efficient, long‐term stable, and easily malleable power‐generating units still remains a challenge. Herein, high photostability, high photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL), and Stokes‐shifted emission are achieved in tetra(t‐butyl)rubrene/off‐stoichiometry thiol‐ene (TBRb/OSTE) hybrids by incorporating TBRb molecules into OSTE polymers. To demonstrate their potentials in LSCs, a luminescent solar concentrator integrated photovoltaics (LSCIPV) is created using a one‐step synthesis that combines the preparation of TBRb/OSTE hybrids, coupling with the silicon solar cell, and the encapsulation of both components. The LSCIPV demonstrates remarkable flexibility and the integration of an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene film contributes to a hydrophobic surface and antireflection effect, resulting in an external photon efficiency (ηext) of 4.9% and a power conversion efficiency of 1.04% for the 100 cm2 device. The LSCIPV exhibits good photostability over 800 h of UV light exposure. Monte Carlo ray‐tracing simulations indicate that an optimized TBRb‐based LSCIPV can potentially achieve an ηext of 1.3%, even for a large device with an area of 1 m2.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects small- and medium-sized blood vessels in the body, representing a rare entity. Cardiac involvement was identified as an independent risk factor for death in GPA patients, yet it has not been systematically elucidated in previous literature. Cardiac lesions in patients with GPA can manifest in various ways, such as pericarditis, myocarditis, coronary vasculitis, valvular abnormalities, conduction system abnormalities, and heart failure. Herein, we report a 55-year-old woman with GPA; she had a 2-year history of recurrent episodes of headache, accompanying sickness, and fatigue, which have been aggravated for the past half-month. The main manifestation is presenting as a mass in the aortic root, which was successfully diagnosed by multimodality imaging (including two-dimensional echocardiography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and computed tomography). After treatment with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide, the patient’s symptoms significantly improved and she remained asymptomatic over 6 months of follow-up. This article will enrich our knowledge about cardiac involvement in GPA patients and highlights the value of imaging, especially ultrasound, in the diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up of this condition.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge with poor prognosis, partly due to its ability to evade the immune system. The extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly collagen, plays a crucial role in tumor immune evasion, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigates the role of collagen ECM in promoting immune evasion in gastric cancer by activating the IL4I1-AHR signaling pathway. Methods: We cultured gastric cancer cells in 3D collagen gels and assessed their immune evasion capabilities by co-culturing with HER2-specific CAR-T cells. The expression of IL4I1 and its metabolites was analyzed, and the role of integrin αvβ1 in mediating the effects of collagen was explored. Additionally, the impact of IL4I1-induced AHR activation on CAR-T cell exhaustion was evaluated, both in vitro and in vivo. Results: We found that gastric cancer cells cultured on collagen exhibited increased resistance to CAR-T cell cytotoxicity, which was associated with upregulated immune checkpoint molecules and downregulated effector cytokines on CAR-T cells. This was linked to increased IL4I1 expression, which was further induced by integrin αvβ1 signaling within the 3D collagen environment. IL4I1 metabolites, particularly KynA, promoted CAR-T cell exhaustion by activating the AHR pathway, leading to decreased cytotoxicity and tumor growth inhibition. Conclusions: Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which the collagen ECM facilitates immune evasion in gastric cancer through the activation of IL4I1-AHR signaling, contributing to CAR-T cell exhaustion. Targeting this pathway could potentially enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in gastric cancer.

Abstract To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance of casting-type calcification (CC) in patients with breast cancer presenting with microcalcification on mammography. Data on patients with invasive breast cancer who had mammographic calcification was retrospectively analyzed. The chi-square test was utilized to assess the clinicopathological characteristics of two forms of CC-related breast cancer. The examination of prognostic variables was conducted using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 427 eligible patients were included in this study. Chi-square analysis indicated that the presence of CC was associated with estrogen receptor (ER) negativity (P = 0.005), progesterone receptor (PR) negativity (P

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the developments in the treatment and prevalence of hypertension by demographic subgroups in least developed area of China in 2012 and 2022. This population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2012 and 2022, we applied stratified multistage random sampling to investigate residents aged 18 years or older in Gansu, the least developed province in the northwest of China. Questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were given to all respondents. The standardized prevalence of hypertension in adults in Gansu increased from 26.1% in 2012 to 28.8% in 2022. Compared with 2012, the control rate remains decreased despite the significantly improved awareness and treatment rates of hypertension in 2022. Apart from the reversal of the control rate, the trend of higher prevalence in men and higher awareness and treatment rates in women has not changed. There was an obviously increase in the proportion of participants who had received health education and hypertension management services from medical workers. The treatment was still primarily monotherapy, and there was no significant improvement in the prescription of medication. The prevalence of hypertension has increased mildly in the least developed region of China over the past decade, and the challenge of hypertension management has shifted from increasing awareness and treatment rates to increasing control rates. The onset and control of hypertension are affected by education methods, BMI, local economic conditions and other factors, and targeted strategies can be adopted to strengthen the management of hypertension in economically underdeveloped areas of China.

Treatment effects with heterogeneity and heteroskedasticity are widely studied and applied in many fields, such as statistics and econometrics. The conditional average treatment effect provides an excellent measure of the heterogeneous treatment effect. In this paper, we propose a model averaging estimation for the conditional average treatment effect with partially linear models based on the jackknife-type criterion under heteroscedastic error. Within this context, we provide theoretical justification for our model averaging approach, and we establish asymptotic optimality and weight convergence properties for our model under certain conditions. The performance of our proposed estimator is compared with that of classical estimators by using a Monte Carlo study and empirical analysis.

The safety and reliability of high-speed trains depend on the brake disc. In order to improve the lifetime of brake disc and reduce the waste of resources, a coating with higher microhardness and well wear resistance is urgently needed. The effect of chromium content on the microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of NiCr coating has been studied. Nano-crystalline Ni and NiCr coatings with superior mechanical properties were successfully prepared on the 30CrNiMo steel substrate by pulse current electrodeposition method. The inclusion of formic acid and sodium citrate was found to significantly expedite the co-deposition of Ni and Cr. The NiCr coatings with various Cr contents were prepared at current densities ranging from 200 to 300 mA/cm2. These coatings significantly enhance microhardness and wear resistance of the substrate. The microhardness of the NiCr coating increased to 603 HV, outperforming pure Ni coating by 119 HV. Additionally, the wear rate of the NiCr coating decreased by 50% at a load of 10 N in comparison to the Ni coating. The high microhardness is attributed to grain refinement and solution strengthening. This study successfully addresses the challenges associated with electrodepositing Ni-based coatings on 30CrNiMo steel substrate and lays a theoretical foundation for the utilization of Ni-based coatings to enhance the tribological properties of materials used in high-speed train brake disc.

Abstract Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression vital for the growth and development of plants. Despite this, the role of lncRNAs in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) pollen development and male fertility remains poorly understood. Results In this study, we characterized a recessive genic male sterile mutant (366–2 S), where the delayed degradation of tapetum and the failure of tetrad separation primarily led to the inability to form single microspores, resulting in male sterility. To analyze the role of lncRNAs in pollen development, we conducted a comparative lncRNA sequencing using anthers from the male sterile mutant line (366–2 S) and the wild-type male fertile line (366–2 F). We identified 385 differentially expressed lncRNAs between the 366–2 F and 366–2 S lines, with 172 of them potentially associated with target genes. To further understand the alterations in mRNA expression and explore potential lncRNA-target genes (mRNAs), we performed comparative mRNA transcriptome analysis in the anthers of 366–2 S and 366–2 F at two stages. We identified 1,176 differentially expressed mRNAs. Remarkably, GO analysis revealed significant enrichment in five GO terms, most notably involving mRNAs annotated as pectinesterase and polygalacturonase, which play roles in cell wall degradation. The considerable downregulation of these genes might contribute to the delayed degradation of tapetum in 366–2 S. Furthermore, we identified 15 lncRNA-mRNA modules through Venn diagram analysis. Among them, MSTRG.9997-BraA04g004630.3 C (β-1,3-glucanase) is associated with callose degradation and tetrad separation. Additionally, MSTRG.5212-BraA02g040020.3 C (pectinesterase) and MSTRG.13,532-BraA05g030320.3 C (pectinesterase) are associated with cell wall degradation of the tapetum, indicating that these three candidate lncRNA-mRNA modules potentially regulate pollen development. Conclusion This study lays the foundation for understanding the roles of lncRNAs in pollen development and for elucidating their molecular mechanisms in regulating male sterility in Chinese cabbage.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. The relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer has not been clearly reported. This study investigated the prognostic value of RC in predicting mortality in patients with breast cancer. Methods This study prospectively analysed 709 women patients with breast cancer from the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) project. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyse the dose-response relationship between RC and breast cancer mortality. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate the overall survival of patients with breast cancer. A Cox regression analyses was performed to assess the independent association between RC and breast cancer mortality. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score was used to reduce confounding. Sensitivity analysis was performed after excluding patients with underlying diseases and survival times shorter than one year. Results A linear dose-response relationship was identified between RC and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer (p = 0.036). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and log-rank test showed that patients with high RC levels had poorer survival than those with low RC levels (p = 0.007). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that RC was an independent risk factor for mortality in women patients with breast cancer. IPTW-adjusted analyses and sensitivity analyses showed that CR remained a prognostic factor. Conclusions RC is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with breast cancer, and patients with higher RC levels have poorer survival.

Abstract Biodiversity loss in river ecosystems is much faster and more severe than in terrestrial systems, and spatial conservation and restoration plans are needed to halt this erosion. Reliable and highly resolved data on the state of and change in biodiversity and species distributions are critical for effective measures. However, high‐resolution maps of fish distribution remain limited for large riverine systems. Coupling data from global satellite sensors with broad‐scale environmental DNA (eDNA) and machine learning could enable rapid and precise mapping of the distribution of river organisms. Here, we investigated the potential for combining these methods using a fish eDNA dataset from 110 sites sampled along the full length of the Rhone River in Switzerland and France. Using Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 images, we generated a set of ecological variables describing both the aquatic and the terrestrial habitats surrounding the river corridor. We combined these variables with eDNA‐based presence and absence data on 29 fish species and used three machine‐learning models to assess environmental suitability for these species. Most models showed good performance, indicating that ecological variables derived from remote sensing can approximate the ecological determinants of fish species distributions, but water‐derived variables had stronger associations than the terrestrial variables surrounding the river. The species range mapping indicated a significant transition in the species occupancy along the Rhone, from its source in the Swiss Alps to outlet into the Mediterranean Sea in southern France. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of combining remote sensing and eDNA to map species distributions in a large river. This method can be expanded to any large river to support conservation schemes.

This is an article in the field of ceramics and composites. Natural porous minerals have many environmental attributes, such as pore structure, surface effect, environmental hydration effect, ion exchange characteristics and good adsorption capacity. The natural porous minerals have good harmony with the earth's ecological environment and can be applied to agricultural fertilizers, soil reclamation, feed breeding and other aspects of agricultural production. Based on the environmental attributes of natural porous minerals and their mineral materials, researchers should pay attention to exploiting their special functions in agricultural production and agricultural ecological environment. The self-purification function of natural porous minerals is a potential function endowed by nature for the survival and development of the earth's environment. Its resource characteristics and environmental attributes are very suitable for the application conditions of soil remediation and green agricultural production in China. The research on using natural porous minerals in agricultural production has an important economic influence on society.

Tipburn is a physiological disease in Chinese cabbage. In recent years, this disease has become increasingly serious, affecting the quality and economic benefits of Chinese cabbage. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism by which calcium deficiency induces tipburn. Therefore, we performed transcriptome analysis on Y578-2 (tipburn-resistant accession) and Y920-2 (tipburn-susceptible accession) to identify the genes involved in the tipburn defense mechanism in Chinese cabbage. In this study, phenotypic observation showed that Y920-2 began to display symptoms on the 10th day of calcium deficiency treatment. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), three gene modules that were highly related to tipburn resistance were identified. Analysis of gene expression regulation in the three modules revealed 13 hub genes related to tipburn resistance, which were involved in the cell wall, photosynthesis, transcription factors, hormones, and the stress response, indicating that these factors play an important role in the tipburn response of Chinese cabbage. These transcriptome data and analysis results provide a basis for the study of the molecular mechanism of calcium deficiency-induced tipburn in Chinese cabbage.

High-precision, low-power MEMS accelerometers are extensively utilized across civilian applications. Closed-loop accelerometers employing switched-capacitor (SC) circuit topologies offer notable advantages, including low power consumption, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and excellent linearity. Addressing the critical demand for high-precision, low-power MEMS accelerometers in modern geophones, this work focuses on the design and implementation of closed-loop interface ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits). The proposed interface circuit, based on switched-capacitor modulation technology, incorporates a low-noise charge amplifier, sample-and-hold circuit, integrator, and clock divider circuit. To minimize average power consumption, a switched operational amplifier (op-amp) technique is adopted, which temporarily disconnects idle op-amps from the power supply. Additionally, a class-AB output stage is employed to enhance the dynamic range of the circuit. The design was realized using a standard 0.35 μm CMOS process, culminating in the completion of layout design and small-scale engineering fabrication. The performance of the MEMS accelerometers was evaluated under a 3.3 V power supply, achieving a power consumption of 3.3 mW, an accelerometer noise density below 1 μg/√Hz, a sensitivity of 1.65 V/g, a measurement range of ±1 g, a nonlinearity of 0.15%, a bandwidth of 300 Hz, and a bias stability of approximately 36 μg. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed design in meeting the stringent requirements of high-precision MEMS accelerometer applications.

Advanced multifunctional composite phase change materials (PCMs) for integrating energy storage, photothermal conversion and microwave absorption can promote the development of next-generation miniaturized electronic devices. Here, we report paraffin wax (PW)-based multifunctional composite PCMs with a hierarchical network structure assembled by two‐dimensional (2D) nickel-based metal-organic frameworks (Ni-MOFs) decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The PW/CNTs@Ni-MOF composite PCMs yield an excellent photothermal energy conversion efficiency of 93.2%, as well as a good phase change enthalpy of 126.5 J/g and prominent thermal stability. Preferably, the composite PCMs also present great microwave absorption with –25.32 dB minimum reflection loss (RLmin) at 9.85 GHz. The remarkable features of the composite PCMs lie in their hierarchical network architecture and the synergistic enhancement of CNTs and MOFs, giving rise to the increased surface area, accelerated photon capture and transmission, and enhanced dielectric loss caused by polarization effects and multiple reflections, thus further boosting the latent energy storage capacity, photothermal kinetics, and microwave reflection loss. This work provides a facile and scalable approach to regulating the multifunction of composite PCMs.

BackgroundLipofibromatosis-like neural tumors (LPF-NT), which have only recently been established, are intermediate soft tissue tumors with neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase 1 (NTRK1) gene alterations and are typically misdiagnosed as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, or spindle cell lipoma due to their histopathological and immunohistochemical expression of CD34 and S-100.Case presentationThe patient was admitted to our hospital with a painless back mass that had appeared more than 4 years prior to admission. Physical examination revealed a subcutaneous mass on the back, approximately 1.5 cm in diameter and protruding into the skin, with clear boundaries and no tenderness. The tumor was surgically resected. The postoperative pathological results suggested a spindle cell soft tissue tumor, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberan was initially considered. After consultation at a provincial hospital, the patient was diagnosed with a cutaneous lipofibromatosis-like neural tumor of the back. A second extended resection was then performed. Intraoperative rapid freezing examination revealed negative incision margins.ConclusionHistological and immunohistochemical detections aid in the differential diagnosis of LPF-NTs. Complete surgical resection is the preferred treatment for LPF-NTs.

Exposed to ubiquitously perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. The extrapolation of empirical studies correlating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure with NAFLD occurrence to real-life exposure was hindered by the limited availability of mechanistic data at environmentally relevant concentrations. Herein, a novel pathway mediating hepatocyte lipid accumulation by PFOA and PFOS at human-relevant dose (

The monitoring and management of aquatic ecosystems depend on precise estimates of biodiversity. Metabarcoding analyses of environmental nucleic acids (eNAs), including environmental DNA (eDNA) and environmental RNA (eRNA), have garnered attention for their cost-effective and non-invasive biomonitoring capabilities. However, the accuracy of biodiversity estimates obtained through eNAs can vary among different organismal groups. Here we evaluate the performance of eDNA and eRNA metabarcoding across nine organismal groups, ranging from bacteria to terrestrial vertebrates, in three cross-sections of the Yangtze River, China. We observe robust complementarity between eDNA and eRNA data. The relative detectability of eNAs was notably influenced by major taxonomic groups and organismal sizes, with eDNA providing more robust signals for larger organisms. Both eDNA and eRNA exhibited similar cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns. However, the detectability of larger organisms declined in eRNA metabarcoding, possibly due to differential RNA release and decay among different organismal groups or sizes. While underscoring the potential of eDNA and eRNA in large river biomonitoring, we emphasize the need for differential interpretation of eDNA versus eRNA data. This highlights the importance of careful method selection and interpretation in biomonitoring studies.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the primary forms of liver cancer and is currently the sixth most prevalent malignancy worldwide. In addition to surgical interventions, effective drug treatment is essential for treating HCC. With an increasing number of therapeutic drugs for liver cancer undergoing clinical studies, the therapeutic strategies for advanced HCC are more diverse than ever, leading to improved prospects for HCC patients. Molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapies have become crucial treatment options for HCC. Treatment programs include single-agent molecular-targeted drugs, immunotherapies, combinations of immunotherapies with molecular-targeted drugs, and dual immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, further exploration is necessary to determine the optimal pharmacological treatment regimens, and the development of new effective drugs is urgently needed. This review provides an overview of the current globally approved drugs for liver cancer, as well as the latest advances in ongoing clinical research and drug therapies. Additionally, the review offers an outlook and discussion on the prospects for the development of drug therapy approaches for HCC.

BackgroundSolitary fibrous tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors that typically occur in the pleura. Solitary fibrous tumors of the uterine cervix are uncommon. We report the first case of a patient who underwent total hysterectomy for vaginal wall adenocarcinoma and was found to have a concurrent solitary fibrous tumor in the paracervical-uterus.Case presentationA 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to contact bleeding. A gynecological examination revealed nodules of 3.0 × 1.0 cm on the vaginal wall, and a colposcopy with biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma of the vaginal wall. After the recommended staging examinations, the patient underwent total hysterectomy, double adnexectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection, and vaginal wall resection. During surgery, a nodule measuring approximately 2 × 2 cm was found in the middle of the mass in the left paracervical region. Subsequent postoperative histopathological examination confirmed an solitary fibrous tumor of the uterine cervix with adenocarcinoma of the vaginal wall. The patient was followed up for 46 months after hospitalization, and no recurrence or distant metastases were observed.ConclusionIn rare cases, solitary fibrous tumors may form large masses in the cervical or vaginal wall. They can easily be misdiagnosed as benign or malignant cervical tumors before and during surgery. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry are helpful for diagnosis. Most solitary fibrous cervical tumors are benign, occasionally with low malignant potential, and surgical treatment is feasible and effective.

IntroductionSpecialized care is essential for the recovery of children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study investigates how different care modes impact the gut microbiota.MethodsFecal samples from 32 children were collected, among whom those cared for by family (n = 21) were selected as the observation group, and those cared for by children's welfare institutions (n = 11) were selected as the control group (registration number of LGFYYXLL-024). The gut microbiota profiles were analyzed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the α-diversity of the gut microbiota and the abundance at the phylum level. However, at the genus level, the observation group showed a significant increase in the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria Bacteroides and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis (P

Facing the great threats to ecosystems and human health posed by the continuous release of chemicals into aquatic environments, effect-directed analysis (EDA) has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying causative toxicants. However, traditional EDA shows problems of low-coverage, labor-intensive and low-efficiency. Currently, a number of high-efficiency techniques have been integrated into EDA to improve toxicant identification. In this review, the latest progress and current limitations of high-efficiency EDA, comprising high-coverage effect evaluation, high-resolution fractionation, high-coverage chemical analysis, high-automation causative peak extraction and high-efficiency structure elucidation, are summarized. Specifically, high-resolution fractionation, high-automation data processing algorithms and in silico structure elucidation techniques have been well developed to enhance EDA. While high-coverage effect evaluation and chemical analysis should be further emphasized, especially omics tools and data-independent mass acquisition. For the application status in aquatic environments, high-efficiency EDA is widely applied in surface water and wastewater. Estrogenic, androgenic and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activities are the most concerning, with causative toxicants showing the typical structural features of steroids and benzenoids. A better understanding of the latest progress and application status of EDA would be beneficial to further advance in the field and greatly support aquatic environment monitoring.